The following appendices offer further discussion of specific issues that have been more briefly touched upon in the main text:

Cliciwch yma i ddychwelyd i Uffern i Ennill neu Nefoedd i Dalu, neu ar unrhyw un o'r is-bynciau isod:

• Atodiad A – Pa mor hir yw Aeon?

  ‘Aeon,’ or ‘Eon,’ is a translation of the Hebrew word, ‘olam’; the original meaning of which was ‘an unknowably remote period in the past or future’ or ‘in perpetuity.’ And this is the sense in which it is used throughout the Old Testament; gyda'r eithriad posibl o ychydig iawn o destunau yn yr O.T. llyfrau i'w hysgrifennu. Ond mewn trafodaethau Rabbinaidd diweddarach a litwrgi, yn dyddio o ganol neu ddiwedd cyfnod yr Ail Deml (c.300CC neu ddiweddarach), dechreuwyd ei ddefnyddio yn yr ystyr ‘yr oes’ neu ‘fyd’,

  Rydym yn ei chael hi'n anodd deall y cysyniad o amser diderfyn; even whilst finding ourselves forced to admit that, dros Dduw, rhaid fod hon yn agwedd anorfod ar ei natur. Mae'r gobaith o wynfyd di-ddiwedd yn swnio'n wych: ond y gwrthwyneb, heb unrhyw obaith o ryddhad, sounds so awful that we instinctively resist such an idea. As the English ‘aeon’ derives from the Greek ‘aion’ (the meaning of which has varied more over time) many commentators tend to favour translations which downplay either the eternal significance of ‘olam’ or else its punitive associations.

  The question that concerns us here is how these gradual changes in word use should affect our understanding of the New Testament texts.

• Atodiad B – Mae'r Buck yn stopio Ble?

  We live in a world that is so complex we can mostly only guess the consequences of our actions. And when we consider the possibility of an unending chain of events, yn ymestyn o hyn i dragywyddoldeb, we begin to realize the possibility of an unlimited liability for the devastating consequences of what may have seemed to us, ar y pryd, i fod yn fân weithredoedd o esgeulustod neu hunan-les.

  Faced with such a possibility, might we not prefer instant annihilation? But would it be OK for someone to inflict unspeakable pain and suffering on others, ac yna rhoi'r gorau iddi bywyd hwn heb erioed wynebu'r canlyniadau? Would that be ʻjusticeʼ?

  So where does the buck stop and how can we find freedom from the penalty we deserve and our legacy of guilt? Wrth y groes! Dyma'r pwynt y mae Duw, ym mherson yr Iesu, yn ffurfiol wedi cymryd arno'i Hun y cyfrifoldeb eithaf a dioddef canlyniadau'r holl ddrygioni a gyflawnwyd erioed. Dyma'r unig le y mae pawb yn cael eu condemnio, gellir maddau i gyd; ac ni all neb sefyll mewn barn yn erbyn neb arall.

• Atodiad C – Ydy Marw Am Byth?

  We all know that normal human death usually takes time, and the degree of suffering involved may vary considerably. Ond Iesu’ teaching is founded on the revelation that bodily death is not the end; and that all who die will ultimately face God’s judgement. At that point it will be determined whether a person will be admitted to God’s heavenly kingdom, the beauty of which will be beyond imagination.

  Ond, for those who are not, there will come the shocking realization that they have wasted their life seeking their own fulfilment, only to now lose it all and be forever barred from heaven. These will be condemned to ‘Outer Darkness’ in the ‘Lake of Fire’; also known as the ‘Second Death’. The Lake of Fire will continue to exist as a permanent memorial to the effect of evil. ‘The Devil and his angels’ will suffer there for ever. So also will those humans who deliberately sided with ‘the Beast’ against God in the final years of his reign. But for the rest of sinful humanity their fate is described as ‘destruction.’ How complete that will be and how long it will take is not defined. But is it is not reasonable to expect that its duration or intensity will depend on the suffering they themselves have caused?

• Atodiad D – Y Pechod Anfaddeuol

  Er mai anaml y caiff ei drafod ymhlith Cristnogion, Mae Satan wrth ei fodd yn llenwi ein calonnau â'r ofn hynny, mewn rhyw ffordd, rydym wedi bod yn euog o ‘bechod anfaddeuol’; ac felly yn cael eu condemnio am byth i Uffern. llawer, yn cynwys gwyr mawr a gwragedd Duw, megis John Bunyan (o enwogrwydd ʻPilgrims Progressʼ) yn ogystal â Christnogion dibrofiad (megis fy hun) wedi mynd yn groes i'r trap arbennig hwn; yr hwn a all amlygu mewn amrywiol guddiedigaethau i faglu rhai cydwybod dyner, y diofal o or-hyderus a phawb yn y canol.

  Satan yw’r arbenigwr pennaf ar gamddefnyddio ac ystumio Gair Duw. Ei hoff dacteg yw camddyfynnu’n gynnil a chamgymhwyso hyd yn oed y gwirioneddau a lefarwyd gan Dduw ei hun; heb sôn am y geiriau a lefarwyd gan ddynion a merched duwiol nad ydynt ond wedi deall yn berffaith yr hyn a glywsant gan Dduw. He is devious and determined; tra yr ydym yn fynych yn agored i'w fygythion a'i dwyll. Ond nid oes angen inni byth fyw mewn ofn y byddwn yn methu oherwydd ein gwendid neu ddiffyg ffydd. Y Drindod gyfan – Tad, Y Mab a'r Ysbryd Glân - wedi ymrwymo i'n gweld hyd y diwedd.

  Os cyffeswn ein pechodau, y mae yn ffyddlon ac yn gyfiawn i faddau i ni y pechodau, ac i'n glanhau oddi wrth bob anghyfiawnder. (1 John 1:9)