Imithombo Ngemuva amaVangeli.

Ukuqalisa

Njengoba kuphawuliwe phambilini, ayikho ithiyori elula esekelwe ekukopishweni kwevangeli elilodwa kwelinye elilandisa ngokufanele ukufana nokungafani okubonakalayo.. Manje siqhubeka nokubheka ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi womathathu amavangeli athathelwe emthonjeni omdala noma emithonjeni. Njengengxenye, lokhu kuzobandakanya ingxoxo yethiyori yombhalo olahlekile owaziwa ngokuthi ‘Q’ kanye 'neVangeli Lamazwi'. Inhloso yalokhu akukhona ukuzama ukuxazulula yonke imibuzo enjalo: kodwa ukukhombisa lokho okungase kuphethwe ngokunengqondo ngobufakazi obukhona mayelana nobuqiniso bemibhalo yevangeli.

Ingabe Yayikhona Eminye Imithombo Ngaphandle KwamaVangeli?

Isingeniso sikaLuka evangelini lakhe, ecashunwe ngaphambili, kukhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi nangesikhathi ebhala ngaso (63-70 Isikhangiso) ‘abaningi’ ama-akhawunti ahlukene abekhona. Lokhu kusho okungaphezu nje kwamavangeli kaMarku, UMathewu noma uJohane. Kodwa ngenkathi amanye amavangeli ekhona okusobala ukuthi avela kamuva (ezinye zazo nokho zithandwa kakhulu ngabasekeli be-'fringe’ izinkolelo), awekho amakhophi asele anoma yimiphi imizamo yangaphambili.

Nokho, kuyilapho kungekho mibhalo yangaphambili esekhona, miningi imizamo eyenziwe yokuthola ukuthi ngabe bekuyini okuqukethwe kwabo, ngokusekelwe ngokuyinhloko ekuqhathanisweni kweziqephu ezifanayo emavangelini angama-synoptic.

'Q’ kanye neVangeli Lamazwi

Okwaziwa kakhulu kulokhu kuwumbono ocatshangwa ukuthi izindimana ezivamile kuMathewu noLuka, kodwa hhayi uMarku, isuka ku-a umthombo olahlekile owaziwa ngokuthi ‘Q’. Lokhu kuye kwaduma kangangokuthi abaningi bakhuluma sengathi lo mbhalo ukhona ngempela; ayikwenzi. Okubizwa ngamakhophi ka-'Q’ ukwakhiwa kabusha kwakamuva kombhalo wayo ocatshangelwayo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhumbula; ngoba abagxeki abaningi banamuhla bacaphuna ‘Q’ njengokungathi inikeza ubufakazi bendlela abathi amavangeli ahunyushwa ngayo emithonjeni yangaphambili. Kodwa kusukela 'Q’ yasungulwa kusetshenziswa ukucatshangelwa okufanayo, akufakazeli lutho ngaphandle kokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi idokhumenti efanayo, noma imibhalo, angakwazi zikhona futhi zasetshenziswa njengomthombo.

Nokho, eminingi yale mibono idlulela ngalé kwalokho okungase kuphethwe ngokunengqondo emikhakheni yokuqagela okumsulwa. Okwaziwa kakhulu kulezi okuthiwa ‘IVangeli Lamazwi’. Lokhu kusolwa ukuthi 'yiwokuqala’ ivangeli elithathwe ngenqubo yokwehliswa okuvela ku-'Q’ umbhalo, okusekelwe emicabangweni engenabufakazi nephikiswana kabanzi mayelana nohlobo lwezinto uJesu ayezokwenza noma ayengeke azenze futhi azisho.. (Isib. kuthiwa uJesu akenzanga izimangaliso, noma ukufundisa ngokuvuka kwabafileyo, ngakho iziqephu ezinjalo azikwazi ukuba ngezokuqala, njll..)

IVangeli likaTomase

Omunye umbhalo othakaselwa kakhulu osolwazi, nokho, yiVangeli likaTomase, okusho ukuthi iqukethe amazwi ayimfihlo kaJesu. Yize ingeyakamuva kunamavangeli angama-synoptic, futhi ngokusobala iphingiwe, kukhombisa ubufakazi bokuthi ube nokufinyelela emthonjeni ofana nemibhalo ecatshangelwayo yangaphambi kokuhlanganisa. Lokhu kuyenza ibe wusizo kakhulu kubahlaziyi bombhalo nakuba kusolwa ubuqiniso bayo. Nokho, idlanzana labagxeki bosuku lwanamuhla liphinde lafuna ukukhuphula uThomas esikhundleni esiphakeme kunalokho okufanele, kubonakala emzamweni wokuthola enye indlela yobufakazi bemibhalo ye-synoptic.

Ingabe Amadokhumenti Amadala Achithwa Ngamabomu?

Nakuba sazi ukuthi kwakunamanye amaqoqo amazwi nezindaba zikaJesu ezazisakazwa ngesikhathi kubhalwa amavangeli, la madokhumenti awasekho. Lokhu kulahlekelwa kuthathwe ngabaqambi bozungu njengobufakazi ‘bokuhlanzwa’ yemibhalo engqubuzana nemfundiso yakamuva: kodwa lokhu akumelani nokuhlolwa okubucayi.

Ngokombono womlando, akukho okuphawulekayo ngokulahleka kwale mibhalo. Imibhalo embalwa kakhulu yalesi sikhathi, engcwele noma eyezwe, basaphila kuze kube namuhla. Okuwukuphela kwemfuneko yokungasindi kwakuwukuthi izizukulwane zakamuva zazizwa singekho isidingo esikhulu sokuqhubeka nokwenza amakhophi. Ngokuphambene, izinga eliphezulu ngokumangalisayo lokusinda kwemibhalo yeTestamente Elisha ngokungangabazeki kungenxa yokuhlonishwa okukhulu nokusakazwa kabanzi akuthola ebandleni lobuKristu elikhula ngokushesha..

Izincwadi eziningi zeTestamente Elisha zandulela amavangeli ngokwawo; futhi babhekisela obala ezimfundisweni eziphambukayo ezase ziqala ukuthinta izingxenye ezithile zebandla lokuqala: kodwa akukho ukusikisela kwanoma iyiphi impikiswano mayelana namaqiniso abalulekile mayelana nempilo, ukufa nokuvuka kukaJesu. Okuphambene impela, Empeleni; kuPawuli ku 1 Korinte 15:1-17 (c. 55 Isikhangiso) empeleni ucaphuna ubufakazi obuqinisekisiwe ngoJesu’ uvuko njengenkulumo yakhe eyinhloko ngokumelene nabathile ababesikisela ukuthi lwalungeke lube khona uvuko oluvamile lwabafileyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Izazi eziye zahlola le ndima ziye zaphawula ukuthi uPawulu lapha usebenzisa indlela ekhethekile yenkulumo yorabi ebonisa ukuthi ucaphuna isiko lenkulumo eladluliselwa ngokucophelela kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambili..

Lawo makhophi amavangeli asindayo anobufakazi obuqand’ ikhanda bokusatshalaliswa kwawo kabanzi (e.g. ingxenye yokuqala yevangeli likaJohane, yaphakathi 125 kanye no-175AD*, yatholakala eGibhithe). Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuningi kwalokho okwaziwayo ngemibhalo yakamuva ye-apocrypha kwaziwa ngokunembile ngenxa yokuthi benza vusa ingxabano. Ukube lezi zindaba zangaphambili bezinokubaluleka okukhulu ebandleni lokuqala, kuyangabazeka kakhulu ukuthi bebengadlula ngokuthula okungaka bangene ekusithekeni okuphelele.

* Idethi yalesi siqeshana ekuqaleni yayilinganiswa 100-150 Isikhangiso, kodwa umfundaze wakamuva uncoma isilinganiso esiqaphe kakhulu. Qonda ‘Ukuqomisana we NT Imibhalo'.

Incazelo Elula

Pho babeyini, futhi kungani bengasindanga? Kude nokuvusa impikiswano, Okuwukuphela kokugxeka kukaLuka lemibhalo yangaphambili ukuthi ayivezi ukulandisa okuhlelekile kwezenzakalo. Lokhu kuqondakala kalula uma simane sicabangela izimo zikaJesu’ inkonzo.

UJesu wachitha iminyaka yakhe yokugcina ehamba kulo lonke elakwa-Israyeli, efundisa emasinagogeni, amakhaya kanye nomoya ovulekile. Njengoba kwakunjalo ngothisha bosuku lwakhe, amazwi akhe ayehlelwe ngendlela yokuthi abambe ngekhanda kalula. (Naphezu kokwazi ukufunda nokubhala okuphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa, ngoba abafana abangamaJuda babefunde kahle, izinto zokubhala zazimbalwa futhi zikhulu). Efundisa njengoba enza ezindaweni eziningi, wayezokhuluma okufanayo, noma okufanayo, amazwi izikhathi eziningi kakhulu, futhi lezi zaziyobe zijwayeleke kakhulu kubafundi bakhe. Nokho, kungenzeka ukuthi abanye babalaleli bakhe bebengathanda ukwenza ezinye zalezi zibhale kusenesikhathi.

Ngokufanayo nezindaba zikaJesu’ impilo. Abaphostoli bakubona ngokucacile ukubizwa kwabo okuyinhloko ukuba kube ukudlulisela ubufakazi babo bokuzibonela ngoJesu’ amazwi nezenzo (qhathanisa. IzEnzo 1:21-2). Nakuba ezinsukwini zokuqala ukugcizelela kwabo kwakungaphezu kobufakazi bomlomo kunobufakazi obubhaliwe, kungenzeka futhi ukuthi kulandisa ngoJesu’ amatayitela ngabe agcinwe ezindaweni ezahlukene, nokuthi abanye abantu bebeyobutha iminikelo yalokhu.

Kulezi zimo kuqinisekile ukuthi amaqoqo kaJesu’ amazwi, kanye nemibiko yezenzo zakhe, ngabe izungeza ngaphakathi kwebandla lokuqala, kokubili ngomlomo nangendlela ebhaliwe, kusukela ezinsukwini zakuqala (c.f. IzEnzo 2:42).

Kodwa uLuka ubeka umunwe wakhe ngokuqinile emaphutheni abo futhi, ngokuqonda, isizathu sokunyamalala kwabo: ayejwayele ukuba amaqoqo esikhashana amazwi nemibiko esikhundleni sama-akhawunti ahlelekile. Zaziwusizo ebandleni lokuqala njengosizo lwenkumbulo: kodwa lapho amavangeli eseqalile ukusabalala ayengase alahlekelwe umsebenzi wawo futhi alahlwe.

* Okunye okuhlukile yindaba edumile yowesifazane owathathwa ephinga (John 8:2-11). Lokhu akukho emibhalweni yesandla yokuqala kaJohane; futhi cishe iwumbhalo ongawodwa ongaziwa, kodwa kusesekuseni, umsuka owagcina ugcinwe ngokuwufaka evangelini.

Ingabe Ababhali BamaVangeli Basebenzisa Imithombo Enjalo?

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukufana okuseduze phakathi kokuningi okuqukethwe amavangeli amathathu okuqala, naphezu kobubanzi obubonakalayo bokukhetha, lisikisela ukuthi basebenzise indikimba efanayo yezinto ezibhaliwe noma ezixoxwayo njengohlaka lwemibhalo yabo.

Njengoba uLuka wayengeyena omunye wabayishumi nambili, cishe wayezosebenzisa kokubili ubufakazi bomlomo nobubhaliwe. Nakuba ezinye izazi ziphikisana nokubhalwa kwe 2 U-Thimothi, iqukethe ireferensi ethakazelisayo (2 UThim 4:13) ezincwadini ezithile nasezikhumbeni uPawulu azishiye eTrowa; indawo uLuka eyaziwa ukuthi wavakashela kuyo noPawulu okungenani 2 izikhathi (c.f. IzEnzo 16:11 futhi 20:6).

Ngokusho kwe Obaba bebandla lokuqala, Beka (akekho noyedwa kwabayishumi nambili, kodwa ilungu lebandla lokuqala eJerusalema (IzEnzo 12:12,25 et. al.) futhi kamuva umhumushi kaPetru) wasekela ivangeli lakhe ezimfundisweni zomlomo zikaPetru.

Akwaziwa ukuthi uMathewu wasebenzisa noma yimiphi imithombo ngaphandle kwezinkumbulo zakhe: nakuba kungenzeka wakwenza. Kodwa njengoba uPetru waqokwa nguJesu uqobo ukuba ahole ibandla lokuqala, akumangazi uma izimfundiso ezishiwo ngomlomo noma ezilotshiwe ezasetshenziswa uMathewu noLuka njengesisekelo zibonisa ukufana okuseduze nezimfundiso zikaPetru., njengoba kuvezwe uMarku.

Isiphetho

Njengoba imithombo yangaphambili yomlomo nebhaliwe kwaziwa ukuthi yayikhona, kubonakala kungenzeka ukuthi ababhali be-synoptic bebengasebenzisa lezi njengohlaka lwama-akhawunti abo. Umbuzo wokuthi le mibhalo yahlelwa kanjani kusalokhu kuwudaba lokuqagela. Nokho, izinkolelo-mbono ezithandwayo ezithi zihluke kakhulu endabeni yamavangeli ziphikisana nobufakazi bomlando obukhona; futhi usitshele okwengeziwe mayelana nokuqagela komuntu siqu kwabasekeli babo kunokwangempela, uJesu womlando.

Buyela esihlokweni esikhulu.