Ukuqomisana we NT Imibhalo.
N.B. Leli khasi akusho okwamanje “Esenziwe Lula isiZulu” version.
ukuhumushwa okuzenzakalelayo zisekelwe embhalweni wokuqala IsiZulu. Bona ingafaka amaphutha abalulekile.
Ukuqalisa
Naphezu kobufakazi bobaba beSonto Lokuqala, Phambilini ngekhulu lama-20 leminyaka kwakuvame ukuthi kuthiwa amaVangeli awabhalwanga kwaze kwabanye 100 Iminyaka emva kukaKristu. Lo mbono wawuthole imfashini ngenxa yemibono yokugxekwa okuphezulu, obekukhona kuphela uma umuntu ecabanga ukuthi inqubo yokuthuthuka kancane kancane kwezindaba zevangeli. Nokho, Lapho isisekelo salezi zingcingo zakamuva zihloliwe zibonisa ukuthi zintekenteke kakhulu; Ukususelwa kakhulu ekucabangeni kwethiyori okudingeka ukusekela.
Imidwebo esele kakhulu yamaVangeli ingachithwa kalula. Izilinganiso zikaMathewu, Beka, ULuka neZenzo avele encwadini kaClement waseRoma (ushone c. Isikhangiso 102) KwabaseKhorinte; Idokhumenti ibiliswe ngesikhangiso 95 futhi ngokuvamile yamukelwa njengeqiniso. UJohn ubuye aqokwe ngu-Ignatius, owafa c. Isikhangiso 117. Okuthakazayo, Kuze kube muva nje kwakuyiVangeli likaJohane, Okokugcina ukubhalwa, lokho kwakuveze umbhalo wokuqala wesandla odlulile – a ISIQONDISO KWI-MAHN rylands Library, IManchester, Isik, okuyinto izazi eziningi eziphakathi 125 futhi 175 Isikhangiso *. Iqiniso lokuthi lokhu kwatholakala eGibhithe kukhombisa ukuthi amaVangeli asakazwa kabanzi ngalesi sikhathi.
* Umtapo wezincwadi uphawula lokho, Yize usuku ekuqaleni lwalulinganiselwa ekuqaleni 100-150 Isikhangiso, 'Ucwaningo lwakamuva lukhomba ngosuku oluduzane no 200 Isikhangiso '. Uhla lwe-DEDT olukhonjiwe ngenhla lususelwa emsebenzini we-Orsini kanye neClarysesse, futhi kubonakala kukhombisa ukuvumelana kwamanje kwesazi. Ngeminye imininingwane bheka Le ndatshana ye-Wikipedia.
Ukubhujiswa kwethempeli
Impikiswano enkulu kakhulu futhi evame ukukhonjwa isikhathi sokuthandana sekwedlule isikhathi samaVangeli iphathelene nokubhujiswa kwethempeli laseJerusalema ngesikhangiso 70. Kwakuthiwa njengoba wonke amaVangeli ama-synoptic abhekisela kulo mcimbi kumele ukuthi abhalwe ngemuva kwalokho.
Kepha okuphawuleka ngamaphepha eTestamente eNtsha lokho -ndawo Kuleli mbubhiso yile mbubhiso ithe vele yenzekile.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, Izikhombo zisesimweni seziprofetho ezenziwa nguJesu lapho ithempeli lalimi. Lokhu kwenza konke kuphawuleka kangangokuba akekho noyedwa owababhali bamaVangeli abaphawula ngokugcwaliseka kwalesi siprofetho – Ngoba lokhu kuphele ngokuphelele ukugcina ngomkhuba wabo obonakalayo wokuveza ukuthi uJesu wasigcwalisa kanjani isiprofetho seTestamente yakudala, noma ngisho nezibikezelo zakhe zokuvuka Kwakhe. IzEnzo, okusobala okulandelanayo kuLuka, Akakhulumi ngalo mcimbi yize kunezinkomba eziningi zeJerusalema; futhi azenzi ezinye izincwadi. Kusambulo kuphela, okungenzeka ukuthi ibhalwe ngemuva kwesikhangiso 70, Ngabe sithola ukuthi kungaba yinkomba emboziwe. Njengoba leli kwakuyinhlekelele enkulu kakhulu yokwehlela amaJuda eMemory ephilayo, kanye nokuqinisekiswa okucacile kukaJesu uJesu’ amazwi, Lokhu kuthula kungukuhlakulelwa.
Uma amaVangeli abhalwe ngemuva kokuwa kweJerusalema bekungeke kube nesidingo sokufihla leli qiniso. (ITestamente Elidala, Ngokwesibonelo, Kuqukethe ubufakazi obuningi bokuhlelwa kwamuva, ngezinkulumo ezinjengokuthi, 'Kuze kube namuhla’ kwenzeka ezindaweni eziningi.) Ngokufanayo kuLuka womabili (1:1-4) noJohane (21:24) Abalobi baqondane neqiniso lokuthi bahlanganisa amaVangeli abo, Usebenzisa i-EyeWitness nama-akhawunti abhalwe phansi.
Umlilo weRoma
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulandisa kwezEnzo (le khasi okulandelanayo kuLuka) iphela ngokuboshwa kukaPawulu eRoma (Isikhangiso 60-22), Ungakhulunywa ngomlilo weRoma noshushiso lukaNero olwaba khona kwamaKristu ngesikhangiso 64, noma ukuqala kokuvukela kwamaJuda ngesikhangiso 66; ngakho-ke usuku okuzayo kunalokhu kungabaza kakhulu.
Ngenxa yalokho isiphetho esinengqondo, kususelwa ebufakazini bangaphakathi, ukuthi amaVangeli ukuhlanganisa ukuwa kweJerusalema futhi kwaqala ngobufakazi bofakazi, Ingezwa amanothi abhaliwe (bona ngezansi).
Ukuphikisana ngokomlando ekugxekeni okuphezulu
Izimpikiswano ze Ukugxekwa okuphezulu zisuselwa emcabangweni wokuthi imfundiso yenkolo yesonto lokuqala yathuthuka kancane kancane isikhathi esithile ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zesonto lokuqala. Okushiwo yilokhu kungumbono wokuthi izakhi eziyisimangaliso zamaVangeli, kufaka phakathi uvuko, ngokungezwa kwakamuva; nokuthi isizukulwane sokuqala samaKristu sasincane, Uma kukhona, Isithakazelo sokugcina ukulandisa okunembile komlando kwempilo kaKristu. Lokhu kudinga lokho:
- Abalobi bamaVangeli bayazi ukuthi ukulandisa ababekwenzile kwakungeyona iqiniso, noma
- AmaVangeli awaqoshwanga ngendlela yawo yamanje kuze kube yilapho ngemuva komcimbi.
Ubunzima obusobala ngabo bobabili iziphakamiso ukuthi ababhali bamaVangeli bagcizelela imininingwane abayiqophile ziyiqiniso (qhathanisa. Luka 1:1-4, John 19:35 futhi 21:24). Uma bengekho, Kunzima ukubabheka njengomsebenzi we amadoda athembekile. Ngisho nabagxeki abaphakeme ngokuvamile bavame ukuyeka okufushane kokuphakamisa amanga ngamabomu. Isiko lamaGraeco-Roma lapho kwathuthukiswa khona ubuKristu bokuqala kuhluke kakhulu ePalestine kaJesu’ usuku: Ngakho-ke uma amaVangeli eboniswa ukukhombisa izimo ngokunembile ePalestine yekhulu lokuqala, ke abagxeki abaphezulu’ funa ukuqomisana kamuva kudilizwa.
Kusekuthendeni le ndawo ukuthi ingcebo yokucwaninga ngomlando ngekhulu leminyaka elidlule isebenze kakhulu ukusungula ukuzethemba kumadokhumenti e-NT. Izincwadi ezinjengamaVangeli nezenzo ziqukethe ingcebo yemininingwane yomlando namasiko; Futhi okuthe xaxa okufundwa ngamasiko amaJuda nawaseGraeko - amaRoma kaJesu’ usuku, okusobala ukuthi ukunemba nemininingwane yolwazi olunikezwe ngokuphumelelayo kukhombisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kufakwe umgqugquzeli.
Nazi izinqumo ezimbalwa ezimbi esihlokweni (kusuka kwizazi ezingabazisayo, Hhayi OKUFANELE BIBHILI):
“ULuka ungumlando wesikhundla sokuqala … Lo mlobi kufanele abekwe kanye nezazi-mlando ezinkulu kakhulu.” (Sir William Ramsay, 'Ukuthathwa kokutholwa kwakamuva ekuthembekeni kweTestamente eNtsha.’ Ngaphambi Kocwaningo Lwabavubukuli E-Asia, URamsay wayekholelwe ukuthi uLuka akathembeki ngokuphelele.)
“Njengesifundo semibhalo esentshonalanga ngithambekele ekungabaze ukungabaza lezi zindaba, Kepha njengomlando ngiphoqelekile ukubathatha ngokwethembekile” (Unonkenjwa. UPeter Stuhlmacher, 'Isikhathi’ iphephabhuku, 15/8/88)
“Isikhathi sokuphumula selokhu phakathi kwezinsuku zokuqanjwa koqobo nobufakazi bokuqala obukhulu baba buncane kakhulu ngokuthi empeleni bunganakwa, Futhi isisekelo sokugcina sokungabaza ukuthi imiBhalo yehle kithi kakhulu njengoba kwalotshwa sekususiwe manje. Kokubili ubuqiniso nobuqotho obujwayelekile bezincwadi zeTestamente eNtsha buthathwa njengokugcina sekusungulwe.” (Sir Frederick Kenyon, Umqondisi kanye Nezincwadi Zezincwadi EziPheshayo eMnyuziyamu waseBrithani, 'IBHAYIBHELI NEBHAYIBHELI’)
Unonkenjwa. John A.T. ORobinson, 'Othembekile KuNkulunkulu’ udumo, Encwadini yakhe, 'Ukunciphisa iTestamente eNtsha’ Futhi uphetha ngokuthi ubufakazi obukhona manje bukhombisa ukuthi lonke iTestamente Elisha labhalwa ngaphambi kokuwa kweJerusalema ngesikhangiso 70.
Isivumelwano samanje sokuthandana
Kuze kube muva nje, ukuvumelana okujwayelekile kwezazi kwakuzobe kubeka uphawu kuqala ku-AD 64-70, UMathewu ngesikhangiso 70-80, Luke c. Isikhangiso 80, ngezEnzo ngesikhathi esithile ngemuva kwalokhu, noJohn C. Isikhangiso 90. Le mikhiqizo ngokuyinhloko yasuselwa, Njengoba kuxoxwe ngaphambili, kwingxabano engavumelekile ephathelene nokubhujiswa kwethempeli nemibono yokugxekwa okuphezulu.
Izincwadi zakamuva ezengeziwe manje ziphakamisa ukuthi umaki kufanele abe ngu-C. Isikhangiso 50, UMathewu C. Isikhangiso 55, Luke c. Isikhangiso 59 nezenzo c. Isikhangiso 63. Akuzona zonke izazi ezike zamukela lesi sikhundla, kunjalo. Okwamanje, i-general Concencis ibonakala iyisikhangiso 63-70 KuLuka no-Ad 60-Ish ngoMark. Datha ezungeze isikhangiso 60 AmaVangeli ama-Synoptic alingana kahle ne-NT etholakalayo kanye nobunye ubufakazi bomlando. Zonke lezi zinsuku zibeka kahle amaVangeli ngaphakathi kwezikhathi zokuphila zesizukulwane sokuqala namaKristu okuzibonela’ impilo nenkonzo.
UJohn usathandake ngokuvamile ngesikhangiso esiseduze 90; Yize ezinye izazi, kufaka phakathi J.A.T. URobinson noThuringland manje baphikisana ngokuthi kungenzeka ngisho nokubandakanya uMarku.
Le akuyona ukuphela kwemithombo yeTestamente elisha elivame ukwamukelwa njengaphostoli; Siphinde sibe nezincwadi.
- Ngokuqondene, Izincwadi ezilandelayo zikaPawulu zivame ukwamukelwa njengeqiniso ngisho nangezifundiseka ezingabazisayo, Futhi imibono ngezinsuku zabo zivame ukulandelana phakathi kweminyaka embalwa yalokhu okulandelayo:
- Isikhangiso 51 Mina Thesalonika
- Isikhangiso 52 2 Thesalonika
- Isikhangiso 53 Galathiya
- Isikhangiso 55 Mina amaKorthe, II ama-Korinte
- Isikhangiso 57 Roma
- Isikhangiso 60 Kolose, Efesu, Filemoni
- Isikhangiso 61 Filipi
Zonke lezi zinsuku zibeka amaVangeli kanye nezincwadi zikaPauline ngaphakathi kwezikhathi zokuhlala zabaphostoli nabanye bokuzibonela kwale micimbi: ukuze kungabikho okuzwakalayo okungokomlando ukungabaza ubuqiniso babo. Ngokusobala, Uma izimo ezingezona ezinye izincwadi zilungile, khona-ke lokhu kumele futhi kube njalo ngesikhathi. Nginayo, nokho, Kugwenywe ukubabeka ukuze kuhlolwe ubufakazi bovuko lungaqhubeka ngesisekelo sokuvunyelwa okujwayelekile kwezazi.
kwadalwa Ikhasi by Kevin King