Ubuqiniso eTestamenteni Elisha.

Nezitha zobuKristu bavame ukusho imibhalo Christian engcwele ayithembeki. Kodwa ukuhlola ubufakazi bokuthi isiyatholakala efakazela okuphambene. Ubufakazi ubuqiniso lemibhalo kuyinto mkhulu kakhulu kunazo zonke noma iyiphi enye idokhumenti abalulekile ubudala efanayo. I-agumenti main kafushane kafushane lapha ngezansi. Chofoza izixhumanisi izingxoxo olunemininingwane ethe xaxa.

1. Isizathu sengxabano.

Sekungamakhulu amaningi eminyaka ukuthembeka imibhalo eTestamenteni Elisha ukuthi awuvamile ukubekelwa inselele. Kodwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 iqembu lezazi-mlando, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-'yabacusumbuli', yasakazeka okwandile zezemfundo. Bavuma ukuthi le mibhalo kancane kancane ingashintshwa enkathini eyiminyaka ezingaphezu kuka 100 iminyaka. Nokho, ngaphezulu zatholwa baye waphikisa lo mbono. Namuhla, mlando ngokuvamile ukwamukela ukuthi le mibhalo yalotshwa phakathi sokuphila likaJesu’ abafundi bokuqala.

2. Ithembeke ngaphezu zonke ezinye izincwadi yangaleso sikhathi.

Ngaphambi esicabanga ngayo umlayezo emibhalweni Christian, kumelwe sizibuze omunye umbuzo. Ingabe le mibhalo ikhophi onokwethenjelwa yasekuqaleni? Nezitha zobuKristu abajayele mibhalo aluthembekile. Kodwa laba bantu kabi kakhulu aphanjaniswe. Kukhona omningi ubufakazi obungokomlando etholakalayo ukuphendula lo mbuzo. It ingafaniswa ubufakazi esetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa okutholakala kweminye imibhalo yasendulo. Futhi kubonisani lokhu? Ematheksthi Christian banamathuba kunokwethenjelwa kunanoma iyiphi enye incwadi yangaleso sikhathi. Mnumzane Frederick Kenyon (umqondisi kanye yezincwadi abakhulu eBritish Museum) wathi lokhu:

“… the last foundation for any doubt that the Scriptures have come down to us substantially as they were written has now been removed. Both the authenticity and the general integrity of the books of the New Testament may be regarded as finally established.”

“… ngesisekelo sokugcina sanoma yikuphi ukungabaza manje sesisusiwe. ImiBhalo sinazo sizithole efana emibhalweni yokuqala. Ematheksthi lobuKristu bangabahlanganyeli artefacts zomlando bangempela. Isigijimi sabo alizange kushintshwe. Kungaba manje kubhekwe kuyiqiniso elingenakuphikwa.”

3. Ubufakazi obuvela emithonjeni yebandla lokuqala.

Lawa kwakungamadodana abantu wayenolwazi siqu sabaphostoli namanye amalungu wokusungula yebandla lokuqala. Babekulungele ukubhekana ukufela ubufakazi babo. Le mithombo ibonisa ukuthi izincwadi ezihlukahlukene eyabhalwa uPawulu kukhona imibhalo bokuqala eTestamenteni Elisha. Khona-ke, UMathewu wabhala ivangeli kuqala. Olandelayo, UMarku wabhala ivangeli lakhe. (Wayesesebenzelane njengenhlangano ahunyushelwe uPetru.) Luka okuvame ukuhamba noPawulu. ULuka wabhala ivangeli lakhe kamuva, bese wabhala incwadi yezEnzo. Ivangeli yokugcina yalotshwa umphostoli uJohane.

4. izinsuku elilinganisiwe Amavesi amaningi eTestamente Elisha.

Okwamanje, izazi eziningi ukucabanga Luka yabhalwa cishe 63-70CE, noMarku mayelana 60CE. Iningi lazo bacabanga ivangeli kaJohane yabhalwa cishe 90CE. Ezinye izincwadi yamuva zibonisa izinsuku ngaphambili: Mark 50CE, Mathewu 55CE, Luka 59CE, Izenzo 63CE. Ezinye izazi, ezifana J.A.T. Robinson Thiering, manje basikisela ukuthi ivangeli kaJohane salotshwa ngaphambi ivangeli likaMarku. Zonke lezi izinsuku ukubeka ngokucacile imibhalo ivangeli phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila amaKristu nabanye abantu bazibonela ngawabo ukuphila nenkonzo kaJesu.

Ezinye izazi ziye zakungabaza ubuqiniso izincwadi ezibhaliwe emabandleni obuKristu ekhulu lokuqala. Kodwa abagxeki abaningi bamukele izincwadi zikaPawulu ukuthi ahlelwe below.Historians ngokuvamile uyavuma ukuthi izincwadi ezalotshwa phakathi neminyaka embalwa nezinsuku ngezansi.

51EC – 1 Thesalonika

52EC – 2 Thesalonika

53EC – Galathiya

55EC – 1 Korinte, 2 Korinte

57EC – Roma

60EC – Kolose, Efesu, Filemoni

61EC – Filipi

5. kwakuyimindeni izincwadi zeBhayibheli Christian akhethwe kanjani?

Ekhulwini lokuqala kwakungekho nohlelo lokwenza uhlu imibhalo ezihlukile kwezisemthethweni. Le nqubo kuphela waqala maphakathi nekhulu lesibili leminyaka,. Ngalesi sikhathi zilotshwé lehlukene kamuva. Abanye babekhathazeke inkohliso, kanye nabanye babewusizo izimfundiso zamanga. Ngakho isinyathelo kwakudingekile. Ekupheleni kwekhulu lesibili leminyaka kwakukhona nekuvumelana lokubanti mayelana lezo zincwadi lapho kufanele uphakamise. Lolu hlu lwezincwadi lalimisa waqinisekisa ngekhulu lesine. Zonke lezi zincwadi zalotshwa amaKristu-lokuqala isizukulwane. Enye zincwadi zazibalulekile noma kusukela ngekhulu lesibili, noma ubuqiniso ezingabazekayo.

6. Ingabe abalobi bamaVangeli ukukopisha komunye nomunye?

IVangeli likaJohane wehlukile abanye abathathu. UJohane utshela indaba ngendlela ehlukile futhi alimchazi yonke imicimbi efanayo ukuthi abanye benza. kodwa Mathewu, UMarku noLuka aqukethe impela eningi amavesi zifana kakhulu nomunye. Izazi-mlando ziyavuma balobi ezintathu esetshenziswa abanye wabelane wendaba. Kodwa banemibono eyahlukene mayelana nokuthi zalotshelwa lezi zincwadi ezintathu. Omunye umbono kwaba nombono wokuthi uMathewu noLuka wanezela imibono yabo siqu ivangeli likaMarku. Kodwa kukhona lokufanako nalokwehlukile emkhatsini ivangeli ngasinye. Akukho unokuthile akucabangayo mayelana nokuthi ukukopishela omunye evangelini, kusukela komunye ezingaba kahle ukuchaza zonke lezi umehluko.

7. Ama-Akhawunti Early kaJesu.

Luka obala uyavuma ukuba khona imithombo ngomlomo noma okubhalwe phansi ngaphambili. Ngakho kungenzeka ukuthi uMathewu, UMarku noLuka wasebenzisa la mavesi njengesisekelo amavangeli zabo. Lawo mavesi okuqala engafakwanga. Thina bayaqagela mayelana nendlela lemibhalo ayekade ahlelwe. Abanye eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma ethandwa abathi babefundisa izinto zazihluke kakhulu emavangelini. Kodwa lezi ziphakamiso ziyaphikisana bomlando eyaziwa. Lezi ziphakamiso usitshele ekubandlululweni kwabantu owenza kubo. Nazo zimemezela kancane kakhulu ngoJesu zomlando real nathi. (Lokhu Sixoxa ‘Q’, ‘The Gospel of Thomas’ futhi ‘The Gospel of Sayings’.)

8. Uma abalobi bamaVangeli ekhonjiwe kweminye imithombo, lokhu kukwenza amavangeli akathembekile?

Ingabe abalobi ivangeli ukucaphuna imibiko ukuthi abanye ayekubhalile? Kunjalo – uma kodwa, basutha ngokunemba zabo. Bakholelwa ngokucacile amavangeli incazelo ekuphileni nasenkonzweni kaJesu weqiniso nokunokwethenjelwa. Futhi kukhona obunengi ukuthi abalobi ivangeli wayenolwazi oqondile amaqiniso. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa ekucwaningweni kolimi. Ukuhluka phakathi imibhalo embule imibono engafani ngabanye ekulandiseni kofakazi bokuzibonela. Futhi imibhalo aqukethe ulwazi oluningi zomlando namasiko ebilahlekile ukuba abalobi kamuva.