Kahor intaadan u gudbin waxbaridda gaarka ah ee Ciise, waxa ku anfici lahayd in aan si kooban u eegno qaabka uu u kobcay fahamka Baybalka ee arrintan.

Waxyiga Horusocod

Waa muhiim in la fahmo in Baybalku uu bixiyo muujin horusocod ah oo ku saabsan doonista Ilaah ee aadanaha. Markii hore, ninku waxa uu ku noolaa xaalad xidhiidh la leh Ilaah iyo si joogto ah u helista ‘Geedka Nolosha’ taasi waxay awooday inay si wax ku ool ah nooga dhigto dhimasho (Gen 3:22). Sidaas, su'aasha, ‘Maxaa dhacaya markaan dhimanno?’ waxay ahayd wax aan khusayn; Dembigii Aadan ka dib, uma ekayn inay wax badan dhaceen – marka laga reebo in ninku xidhiidhkii Ilaahay jabay oo laga saaray Beertii Ceeden.. Laakiin hadda, sida uu si khiyaano ah u ballan qaaday Masku, Aadamigu waxa ay noqdeen ‘sida Ilaah oo kale, wanaag garanaya iyo xumaan.’ Kahor, waayo-aragnimadiisu waxay ahayd mid wanaagsan oo keliya: Hadda wuxuu bilaabay inuu la kulmo xumaan (gudaha iyo dibaddaba), mucjisada nolosha cusub, nacaybka iyo dhimashada qadhaadhka ah iyo cabsida aan la ogaan karin waxa dhab ahaantii ku dhici lahaa markuu dhinto. Markan, Waxa kaliya ee uu ogaa waxay ahayd in jirkiisu uu ku talo jiro in uu dib ugu qudhmo dhulka.

Laakiin wuxuu lahaa hal qalbi qaboojin weyn. Ilaahii uu aaminayna weli wuu daneeyaa (Gen 3:21) oo wax ka sii sheegay Maska: “Waxaan u dhexeeyaa compent idinka iyo naagta, iyo inta u dhaxaysa farcankaaga iyo carruurteeda. Madaxaaga ayuu kuu nasan doonaa, oo waad burburin doontaa cidhiistiisa.” (Gen 3:15) Aadam iyo Abeesadu midna ma garan waxa ay ula jeedaan. Dhab ahaantii, waxay ahayd muhiim in Masku aanu ogayn: waayo waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah qorshaha Ilaah in abeesada lafteedu ay ku lug yeelato soo saarista burburkiisa..

Laakiin waxaan ku hadalnaa xigmadda Ilaah si qarsoodi ah, xikmado la qariyay, Kaas oo Eebbe hore ugu qaddaray caalamka hortiis inaynu ammaanno, taas oo aan mid ka mid ah madaxda dunidan aqoon. Waayo, hadday garan lahaayeen, ma ay iskutallaabta ku qodbeen Rabbiga ammaanta. (1Co 2:7-8)

Qarniyo badan oo xigay Ilaah wuxuu si tartiib tartiib ah u muujiyay wax badan oo ku saabsan ujeedadiisa ugu dambeysa: laakiin had iyo jeer siyaabo sii waday inuu qariyo xeeladdiisa ugu dambeysa isagoo ina baraya wax badan oo ku saabsan mabaadi'da wanaagga iyo caddaaladda Ilaah - iyo muhiimadda muhiimka ah ee horumarinta xiriirka rumaysadka ee Ilaah.

• Gen 5:24. Enoog ayaa maalin la waayay xaalad ka hor imanaysa sharraxaadda macquulka ah. Miyuu raadkiisii ​​si lama filaan ah ugu dhammaaday dhar la iska tuuray oo aan halgan ka muuqan, sidii Ilyaas sannadihii dambe (2Kings 2:11-13)? Garan mayno: laakiin kuwii ka haray waxay ku soo gabagabeeyeen, maxaa yeelay waxaa lagu yaqiinay in uu Alle u dhawaanshihiisa uu mudnaanta koowaad siin jiray, Ilaahay waa inuu u yeelay rabitaankiisa.
• Gen 6:5-8:22. Xumaantu aad bay u sii korodhay ilaa Ilaahay go'aansado in ay lagama maarmaan tahay in la joojiyo faafitaankeeda xukun dil degdeg ah. Nuux kaliya - nin yaa, sida Enoog, Ilaah la socday, si xaq ah u noolaa oo addeecay codkii Ilaah - waa laga badbaadiyay xukunkaas degdegga ah, isaga iyo qoyskiisa.
• ... oo sidaas sheekadu way sii socotaa, oo leh dhacdooyin isdaba joog ah oo mid xoojinaya, mid kale ama labadaba fikrado ah in Ilaah xumaanta dib ugu celin doono kuwa xumaanta sameeya: laakiin taas, si-uun, in kasta oo xumaanta iyo dhimashada muuqata ee bani-aadmiga ku habsatay, Ilaah wuxuu weli raadinayay shirkaddayada, dhimashaduna uma baahna dhammaadka kuwa isaga si dhab ah u doondoonay.

Taas macnaheedu maaha in aanay jirin waxsii sheegyo kale oo tilmaamaya imaatinka Ciise. Waqtigu wuu socday, waxaa badnaa iyo in ka badan.

Ku saabsan badbaadadan, nebiyadu waxay doondooneen oo aad u baadheen, oo nimcada kuu iman doonta wax ka sii sheegay, raadinta qofka ama nooca wakhtiga Ruuxa Masiixa, taasoo ku dhex jirtay, tilmaamay, markuu saadaaliyay xanuunkii Masiixa, iyo ammaanta iyaga raaci lahaa. (1Pe 1:10-11)

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Qaabka ay waxsii sheegyadani u rumoobayaan ayaa ahaa qarsoodi; iyada oo rumaystayaasha shakhsi ahaaneed ay mararka qaarkood u beddelaan rajo iyo rajo beel. Waxaan si gaar ah u soo qaadan doonaa laba tusaale oo kale oo tusaale ah…

Ayuub, isagoo dhexda kaga jira cabashadiisa, waxay la soo baxaysaa jawharad dhab ah oo fahan ruuxi ah:

Waan ogahay inuu noolahay kii soo furtay, iyo in aakhirka uu dhulka istaagi doono. Oo ka dib markii uu maqaarkaygu burburay, Weliba jidhkaygaan ku arki doonaa Ilaah; (Job 19:25-26)

Inta aan sheegi karno, Ayuub ilaah iyo nebi ka horeeyey midna uma sheegin tan. Dhab ahaan, waxay ka muuqataa Job 7:9 in aysan fikradan hore ugu dhicin isaga. Haddana uma muuqan mid ruux ahaan la socda Ilaah wakhtigaas! He is simply reading the clues from God’s previous dealings with man and placing his faith in the goodness and ultimate justice of God. So he concludes that deliverance must come – even if he has to wait till the end of the world.

There is a similar example in Psalm 49:1-20. The psalmist describes this as a ‘riddle’ – a question that appears to have no rational answer but does make sense when finally seen from the correct perspective. He starts by asking how it is that he can face the future without fear, when times are evil and despite his awareness of his own sin. Then he compares this with the arrogant self-confidence of those who have achieved prosperity and status in this world; isagoo tilmaamay in xitaa aysan naftooda badbaadin karin oo ay dhammaan noqdeen wax aan waxba ka jirin. Wuxuu ku soo afmeerayaa erayadan:

Waxaa loo dhigay sidii adhi She'ool loo wado. Dhimasho ayaa iyaga adhijir u ahaan doona. Kuwa qumman ayaa iyaga subaxda u talin doona. Quruxdoodu waxay ku baabbi'i doontaa She'ool, ka fog gurigooda. Laakiinse Ilaah naftayda wuu ka soo furan doonaa xoogga She'ool, waayo, wuu i aqbali doonaa. (Selaah). Ha ka baqin marka nin laga dhigo taajir, Markay sharaftii reerkiisu badatay. Waayo, markuu dhinto waxba qaadan maayo. Ammaantiisu ka daba dhici mayso. In kastoo intuu noolaa uu naftiisa u duceeyey– Ragguna way ku ammaanaan markaad wanaag naftaada u samayso– Isagu wuxuu u tegi doonaa qarniyadii awowayaashiis. Weligood iftiinka ma arki doonaan. Nin xoolo leh oo aan wax garan, waxay la mid tahay xoolihii baaba'ay. (Psa 49:14-20)

She'ool

‘Sheol’ waa ereyga Cibraaniga ah ee 'meesha dhintay;’ waxa kale oo mararka qaar lagu tilmaamaa Axdiga Hore sida ‘hoda’ (Ezekiel 31:16). In English, waxa inta badan loo fasiraa sarbeeb ahaan ‘qabriga;’ in kastoo marka goobta aaska jirka la tilmaamayo, Cibraaniga wuxuu adeegsadaa kelmad ka duwan, caadi ahaan ‘xabaashii.’ She'ool qiyaas ahaan wuxuu u dhigmaa ereyga Giriigga, ‘Hades;’ waxaana loo turjumay sida Axdiga Cusub iyo Axdiga Hore ee Septuagint. Waxa kale oo loo tarjumay sida 'Sheol'’ ama ‘Hades’ inta badan tarjumaadaha Ingiriisiga casriga ah.

Ezekiel 32:18-32 waxa uu She'ool u sawirayaa sidii god weyn oo ay ku duugan yihiin kuwii quruumaha kala duwani ka yimid iyagoo koox-koox ah; qaar baa leh calaamado sharaf ka badan kuwa kale: hase ahaatee dhintay. Some took encouragement from the fact that this vision of Ezekiel has nothing to say about Israel and all those mentioned are uncircumcised. But others, conscious of their own sinfulness, and seeing no clear prospect of eventual resurrection still saw death as the end and focussed their hopes on enjoying as much of God’s blessing as possible during this life. Even King Hezekiah (one of Judah’s most godly kings) expected to end up in Sheol, with no prospect of future life, when he died:

I said, “In the middle of my life I go into the gates of Sheol. I am deprived of the residue of my years.” I said, “I won’t see Yah, Yah in the land of the living. I will see man no more with the inhabitants of the world. My dwelling is removed, oo sidii adhijir teendhadiis baa la iiga qaaday. Waan isku duubay, sida harqaanle, noloshayda. Oo wuxuu iga gooyn doonaa dharbaaxada. Maalin ilaa habeenba waad i dhammayn doontaa. ... Waayo, She'ool kuma ammaani karo. Geeridu kuma dabaaldegi karto. Kuwa yaamayska ku dhaadhaca runtaada ma rajayn karaan. (Isa 38:10-12,18)

Jahannamo

‘Jahannamo’ waa foosha Giriigga ee magaca Cibraaniga, Dooxa ina Xinnom.’ Dooxani, meel ka baxsan Yeruusaalem, waxay ahayd meel sumcad xumo. Markii ay Yuhuuddu ka fogaadeen Ilaah, waxay dhisteen ‘meel sare’ (goob allabari) halkaas; halkaas oo carruurtu ‘dabka dhex mareen’ (i.e. huray) ilaah quruumaha, Molech. Nebi Yeremyaah wuxuu ku dhawaaqay erayadan soo socda:

Waxay dhiseen meelihii sarsare oo Tofed, oo ku taal dooxada ina Xinnom, inay wiilashooda iyo gabdhahoodaba dab ku gubaan; oo aanan amrin, maskaxdaydana kuma soo dhicin. Sidaas darteed, bal eeg, Maalmuhu way yimaadaan, ayaa Rabbigu leeyahay, si aan mar dambe loogu magacaabi doonin Tofed, Ama dooxadii ina Xinnom, waase dooxada gowraca: waayo, waxay ku aasi doonaan Tofed, ilaa la waayo meel lagu aaso. Dadkan meydkoodu wuxuu cunto u noqon doonaa haadka samada, iyo xayawaanka dhulka; oo ninna kama cabsiin doono. (Jer 7:31-33)

Jeremiah 19:1-15 waxa uu ka dhigayaa odhaah ka sii xoog badan oo ku saabsan meeshan; isagoo ku nuux-nuux saday in laga buuxin doono maydadka kuwii Alle ka tagay; iyo in xataa Yeruusaalem laga dhigo iyada oo kale, waana xumaanta dadka deggan aawadood.

Muddada Macbadka Labaad

Intii lagu jiray sannadihii u dhexeeyay ka soo noqoshada masaafuristii Baabuloon iyo dhalashadii Ciise, waxaa jiray khilaaf caqiido oo weyn oo ka dhex jiray Yuhuudda.. Xisbigii indheergaradka ahaa ee Sadukiinta ayaa diiday fikradda malaa'igaha, ruuxaan, nolosha dhimashada ka dib iyo xukunka kama dambaysta ah sida khuraafaadka kaliya; halka Farrisiintu ay ku adkaysteen xaqiiqadooda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, fasiraadda macnaha saxda ah ee Qorniinka ka hadlaya mawduuca waxay ahaayeen mala-awaal, iyada oo ku xidhan tafsiirrada rabbaaniyiinta - oo aad u kala duwan. Laakiin wakhtiga Ciise ‘Sheol’ waxaa guud ahaan loo fahmay in loola jeedo meesha ay ku dhinteen; In kasta oo ay u muuqato in Farrisiintu ay gaadheen gabagabada in Yuhuudda xaqa ah laga badbaadin doono xumaanteeda taas beddelkeedna lagu soo dhowayn doono kooxda awowayaasha si ay u sugaan sarakicidda ugu dambaysta inta lagu jiro qarniga Masiixa.. Tani waxay ahayd xaalad mararka qaarkood loo yaqaan ' laabta Ibraahim.’

Qarnigii kowaad BC Aramaic, halkii Cibraaniga, waxay noqotay luqadda maalinlaha ah ee dadka Yuhuudda ah; waxayna ahayd caado caadi ah in lagu raaco akhrinta guud ee kutubta Cibraaniga oo aayad-aayad-aayad sharraxaad ah ku raacdo Aramaic, loo yaqaan Targum. Markii hore, kuwaas ayaa laga akhrin jiray xusuusta: laakiin bartamihii qarnigii koobaad ee AD waxa ay ka go'an tahay inay wax qoraan.

Targumku wuxuu muujinayaa taas, waqtigii Ciise, ‘Jahannamo’ waxay halqabsi u noqotay meeshii Eebbe ku ciqaabay daalimiinta, gaar ahaan kuwa aan rumaysnayn: laakiin sidoo kale Yuhuudda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa loo malaynayay in ay tahay in la xaddido muddada ciqaabta noocaas ah iyo dhaqamada rabbaaniyiinta ee muddadaas soo baxay oo dhigay xadka ugu badan ee 12 bilo. Waxaa la rumaysnaa in tan ka dib qofku uu xaq u yeelan karo sarakicidda ama burburka aakhirka; kan dambe oo lagu tilmaamay ‘Geeridii Labaad.’ Siyaabo badan, sidaas darteed, Dhaqankii rabbaaniyiinta ee ku saabsan Jahannamo waxay aad ula mid ahaayeen fikradda Katooliga ee Purgatory marka loo eego tan aan ugu yeerno Jahannamo.

Haddaba markuu Ciise bilaabay adeeggiisa fikradahan soo socda ayaa hore loogu aasaasay fikirka Yuhuudda, in kasta oo dabeecadooda dhabta ahi ay sii ahaan jirtay arrin laga doodo:

• She'ool - Meeshii kuwii dhintay.
• laabta Ibraahim - meel ay Yuhuudda xaqa ah ku sugi karaan sarakicidda ugu dambaysa.
• Jahannamo - meel ka mid ah ciqaabta Ilaah, in ay ku xigto midkoodna aakhirka sarakicidda, ama
• Dhimashada Labaad - burbur ama xaalad dhimasho joogto ah.

Akhri …