Ukuba The zeVangeli Quote Ezinye Imithombo, Ngaba Lo Ngayo Ukuhlola Lwabo?

Ngaba ababhali beencwadi zeVangeli bahlole imithombo yabo?

Ukuba ingqokelela yangaphambili kaYesu’ Amazwi ayekho akukho sizathu sokuba ababhali beencwadi zeVangeli akufuneki babe nokucaphula, uma baye iyahlutha ngokuchanileyo wabo.

Nangona uLuka wayengekho, Ngokwazi kwethu, Ukuzibonela KuYesu’ Icandelo loMphathiswa okanye uvuko, Inkxalabo yakhe evakalise kukubonelela ngeakhawunti ye-odolo kunye nechanekileyo. Ukutshintsha ukusuka 'Bona’ ukuya 'thina’ Kwizahluko zezahluko 16, 20, 21, 27 yaye 28 Mbonise ukuba wayehamba noPaul kwiqela lezinto ezininzi, kubandakanya amaxesha eYerusalem, I-Roma nendlu kaPhilip Thevangelist. Ke wayenethuba elaneleyo lokujonga imithombo yakhe, njengoko ebanga ukuba enze. Njengoko kuphawuliwe kwenye indawo, Okwangoku uyayibalwa kakhulu phakathi kwababhali-mbali ngokuchaneka kunye neenkcukacha zemibhalo yakhe.

UMark wayengumtshana waseBharnabus (Kolose 4:10), Inani eliphambili kwicawe yokuqala. Ikhaya likanina eYerusalem yayiyindawo yokuhlangana yecawa eyaziwa ngayo nguPeter ukuba uye kuyo (Izenzo 12:2). the Ootata bamandulo baseCawa Sixelele ukuba wayekhonza njengotoliki kaPetros. Ngenxa yoko, Siyazi ukuba wayenokufikelela kakuhle kwiingxelo zezandla zikaYesu’ Ubomi kunye neemfundiso. Kunokwenzeka nokuba wayekho yena kuYesu’ ukungcatsha (Ukubhekiswa kumlandeli oselula kaYesu owayebalekile apha zevela kuMark 14:51-2).

UMateyu, Kwabizwa ngokuba yiLevi, yenye yabapostile abalishumi elinambini, Kwaye ke ngewayazi ngamava akhe ukuba imithombo yakhe ithembekile.

John, Njengoko sele kuphawuliwe, wayengomnye wabalishumi elinambini kwaye akabonakali ukuba asebenzise nawuphi na umthombo ngaphandle kwendlela yakhe yokwazisa.

Ubungqina bolwazi lokuqala

Ulwimi olusisiseko

UYesu wayesebenzisana nabo abantu baKho, kwaye ke ngoko ibifundisiwe kwiAramiki, yayingulwimi lwasekhaya lwenkulungwane yokuqala uSirayeli. Kukhankanyiwe ukuba Ootata bamandulo baseCawa Yithi uMateyu ekuqaleni ubhale ngesiHebhere okanye i-aramaic. Kodwa nangona zonke izicatshulwa ezisindileyo zisekwe kwiinguqulelo zamaGrike, Kwaye ezinye iincwadi zeVangeli zabhalwa ngesiGrike, Abaphengululi bayavuma ukuba zonke iincwadi zeVangeli zibonisa ubungqina obucacileyo beziteksi zentetho kwiikowuteshini ezininzi ezinxulumene noYesu.

Ubungqina be-Aramaitic ilawula ngokufanelekileyo ibango lokuba iiVangeli ziyinto yokuqala. Kananjalo ayibonisanga nje ukuba amanye amazwi akhutshwe kwimibhalo-ngqangi yangaphambi kwexesha, Kuba le nto ayibonisi kuphela kwiindinyana zesnoptic, Kodwa nakwiingxelo ezifumaneka kwivangeli enye. Umzekelo, Ukusetyenziswa okuphindaphindiweyo 'kwaye’ Kwingxelo kaLuka ngokuzalwa kukaYesu (Iphepha 2) iqhelekile i-aramaic: kodwa hayi iGrisi. Ngokufanayo, Iakhawunti kaJohn inee-aramaism ezininzi. Oku kuvakaliswa ngamandla ukuba ababhali babenezimeleyo, Imithombo yendabuko, okanye bona bacinga ngesiAramiki.

Iimbono zobuqu

Ukuba ababhali beencwadi zeVangeli babenemida yabo kufuneka silindele ukufumana umahluko obonisa le mithombo iphambili: Kwaye le nto kanye yenzekayo. Umntu uqulethe umahluko kunye neendinyana ezizodwa ezahlukileyo kulo mbhali, kwaye ukushiyeka kwendlela kubanye ngaphandle kokuba kungabalelwa ngaphandle kokuthetha ukuba le nto kufuneka ukuba ibe yinto yokufakelwa okanye umthombo wobuqu owodwa.

Ndinomdla ngakumbi, mhlawumbi, Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha umahluko obufihlakeleyo kwiindinyana ezifanayo. Njengokuba, Ngaphandle kokukhula kwayo, IVangeli kaMarko ibandakanya ukuqaphela kukaYesu’ Ukuphendula ngokwakho akufumaneki kwiiakhawunti ezifanayo zikaMateyu noLuka, (ewe. 1:41, 3:5, 9:23-5, okqhubekayo.). Ukuba uMark waqeqesha nje kweminye imithombo, okanye abanye bakhuphela kuye, Iinkcukacha ezincinci azichazwa ngokulula: Kodwa baqondwa ngokulula kwimeko yobungqina bobuqu kuPetros apho uphawu luxelwe ukuba luzise iVangeli.

Inkcubeko elahlekileyo.

IPalestine ngexesha likaYesu yayingafani nenkcubeko yelizwe le-Graeco-Roma. Kodwa 40 Iminyaka emva kukaYesu’ ukufa, Itempile yeJerusalem yatshatyalaliswa. Ngaphakathi 100 iminyaka, I-Hadrian yaphinda yabizwa ngegama idolophu i-Aelia Capitolina, yakhiwe itempile eya eJupita kwindawo yasetempileni yakudala yaza yakhupha umthetho, Ukunciphisa ulwaluko kwintlungu yokufa, obaphange i-vylt nguSimon Bar Kochba, uMesiya ovakalise, kwintengiso 132. Kwakuvutha ngumsindo; 50 Izikhundla ezinqatyisiweyo kunye 985 Iilali zatshatyalaliswa. Ke, nayo, yayiyiYerusalem; Xa kwakhiwa kwakhona, Kwinqanaba elincinci njenge-varruson yaseRoma, Onke amaJuda ayenqatshelwe. I-Bar Kotba Yokutshutshiswa kukaKristu, abangavumiyo ukuraba ngenxa yesizathu sakhe, ikwaphawuleka ukwahlukana kokugqibela phakathi kukaYuda kunye nobuKristu.

Okwangoku, Njengoko sele ixoxe, Enye yezinto eziphambili eziye zadambisa abagxeki abaphezulu’ Ithiyori malunga nemvelaphi yeencwadi zeVangeli ibingumYuda 'wobuYuda’ kwiiakhawunti, kunye nobutyebi beenkcukacha zembali ezinesihloko – Ngokuchanileyo inkcubeko inkcubeko ingaziwa kwinkcubeko yeGraeco-yaseRoma apho ubuKristu buye bangena khona kwaye kwinqanaba leenkcukacha ezingafumanekiyo kumbhali kamva.

Iinkcukacha eziqinisekileyo

Umzekelo, KwiVangeli yakhe uLuka (3:1) uthetha ngoLisaniya njengoTetrarch yaseAbhilene ngexesha likaYohane uMbhaptizi, c. 27 AD. Kwakusithiwa ngumntu onjalo kuphela owafayo 36 BC: kodwa umbhalo ophakathi 14 yaye 29 AD kwaye ibhekisela ‘kuLysanias iTetrarch’ sele ifunyenwe kufuphi neDamasko.

ULuka ukwachaza ukuba njani, kuYesu’ idolophu yasekhaya yaseNazarete, abantu bedolophu ababevutha ngumsindo bamrholela encamini yentaba owakhelwe kuyo umzi wabo, ezimisele ukumlahla (Iphepha 4:29). INazarete ngokwenene ikwindawo kanye njengoko uLuka eyichaza. Kodwa yayiyindawo engabalulekanga kangangokuba ayizange ikhankanywe nakuluhlu lukaJosephus lweedolophu needolophana zakwaSirayeli., okanye i-talmud. Abanye abaphengululi bade bathi yayingekho kuYesu’ usuku - kude kube 1962, xa igama layo lafunyanwa kumbhalo wexesha elivela eKesareya. Kwakhona, i umbhalo obangel’ umdla eyakha ukukhanya kwiNazarete* iphakamisa loo nto, Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yokuqala, Le dolophana yenyama inokuthi itsalele ingqalelo engaphantsi komntu omncinci kuKlaudius Caesar.

KwiZenzo 19:24-41, ULuka uchaza i-piot riot kunye nendibano yaseburhulumenteni ('INtshumayeli') Kwimidlalo yeqonga e-Efese. Ukumbiwa kwezinto zakudala zezinto zakudala ziye zatyhila inkunzi yeqonga elinamandla 25,000 abantu, kunye nemibhalo ebhaliweyo yayiyindawo esemthethweni yeNtshumayeli yeNtshumayeli.’

ULuka urekhoda iinkcukacha ezininzi, ezinjengezihloko ezichanekileyo kunye namagama amagosa angaziwayo bakarhulumente, Ichanekile kakuhle kwaye inokuba ibhaliwe ngumntu ngolwazi olucacileyo lwezo ndawo ngexesha elichanekileyo lokubhala. Umzekelo, Uchaza uMlawuli weMalta, apho babekhe baphukelwe ngenqanawa (Izenzo 28:7), 'njengendoda eyintloko yesiqithi’ – Isihloko esingaqhelekanga, Kodwa imibhalo iqinisekisa. Uthetha iGaliyoni ye-ACAAIL yeAkaya xa uPawulos wayese-Erinesia eKorinte (Izenzo 28:12). Ileta evela kumlawuli uClaudius, ifunyenwe eDelphi, Ibhekisa 'kwi-lucius junius geliyo, Umhlobo wam i-proconul ye-achaia '. Kuthini okuthe vetshe, Sele yasungulwa ukuba ubambe esi sikhundla ngonyaka omnye, ukusuka 51-52 AD; kwaye imihla ihambelana neakhawunti kaLuka. Amaxesha amaninzi abaphengululi bacel 'umngeni ukuchaneka kwezi nkcukacha: Ixesha kwaye kwakhona ukuba kufunyenwe emva koko kungqineke kuLuka ukuba ulungile.

Kunye neenkcukacha ezininzi zenkcubeko yasePalestina yendawo kunye nezitayile zobomi, Kukho izinto ezinkulu. Yayidla ngokuphikiswa ukuba bonke abafundi, dibanisa noYesu, ngewayengafakwanga kwikhefu lokuloba kwi-galilean: kodwa ngaphakathi 1986 Intsalela yesikhephe seGalili seli xesha safunyanwa: yayimalunga 8 iimitha ubude kwaye ngaphezulu 2 iimitha ububanzi – enkulu kakhulu ngokwaneleyo! Ngokufanayo uJohn unika inkcazo yemizobo (Yoh 5:2-3) yephuli eYerusalem, I-Bethesda, eyatshatyalaliswa ngamaRoma. Ukumbiwa kuyabutshelwa izidumbu zayo kwaye, NjengoJohn utsho, ibinemimandla emihlanu; Eli lungiselelo elingaqhelekanga libangelwa kukwahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlula iphuli phakathi.

Kukho iindawo ezingcwele. Umzekelo, EKapernahum kukho iintsalela zeCawa yeByzantine. Ngaphantsi kwale kwakuyilondoloziwe ngentlonelo, Kuyacaca ukuba yakhiwe njengendlu ngenkulungwane yokuqala ye-BC kwaye iguqulwe yaba yindawo yonqulo lukawonke-wonke ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yokuqala ye-AD. Ngokuka-Earia (c. 380 AD), 'EKapernahum, indlu ye (INkosana yabapostile) yenziwe kwicawe, Ngendonga yayo yasekuqaleni isemi.’ Ukuba ichanekile, Le iya kuba yindlu kaSimon Pell kaMols, apho uYesu wayehlala khona eKapernahum. Kodwa nokuba akunjalo, Ngokuqinisekileyo ulwakhiwo lwayo ngokuqinisekileyo kunye neenkcazo kwiingxelo zeVangeli.

Kukwakhona namangcwaba eYerusalem, 'Ndikhala ndilila'’ Iicatacombs, Ngencwadi ebhaliweyo enje, 'UYesu, yiba nenceba ', kunye 'noYesu, Ndikhumbule eluvukweni '. Ukuthandana phakathi 35 yaye 50 AD, Babonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba bekukho amakholwa esixekweni ngexesha elinikwe uLuka kwiZenzo. Elinye lamagama, 'Shappira', ivela kwiZenzo 5:1, kwaye akukho namnye umthombo wenkulungwane yokuqala, UmKristu okanye ongengoKristu. Ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela: Kodwa kwiNtaba yemiNquma, kufutshane neBhethani, I-1 yenkulungwane ye-1 ye-Endercher yafunyanwa ngeqela lebhokisi yelitye, Ezinye zazo ziphawulwe ngeminqamlezo kunye negama likaYesu. Phakathi kwezi yayizintathu amagama uMariya, UMartha no-Elezar (Ukwahluka kwe 'lazaro'). Ngaba le nto yayingayindawo yokugqibela yendoda yokugqibela eyamvusayo kwabafileyo (c.f. John 11:1-2)?

Ukungasebenzi kwamaJuda

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, Kukho ubungqina obukhulu bokusebenzisa i-aramaisms kunye nokusetyenziswa kweendlela zoncwadi zamaYuda kuwo omabini la mazwi kaYesu kunye neenxalenye zeVangeli. NoYesu wenza ukuba asebenzise izitayile zempikiswano yengxoxo, njengokuphendula umbuzo ngombuzo (ewe. Iphepha 2:46-9, 20:3-4, 20:41-4, njl) kunye nokuqiqa okuthe kratya eliphawulwe libinzana, 'Kungakanani ke ..’ (ewe. Mt 6:28-30, 7:9-11, Iphepha 11:13, njl). Kwizihlandlo ezininzi kwimfundiso yakhe, UYesu uyavuma okanye ade acaphula amazwi amaJuda. Uhlala esebenzisa iindlela zentetho zamaYuda, njenge hyperbole (Ukugqithisa ngabom, Njengakwi-MT 7:3-5, 19:24, 23:24, Iphepha 14:26, njl).

Kwandula ke kubekho izinto ezininzi ezibhekisela kumasiko nezimo zengqondo zamaYuda. Zininzi iimbekiselo zamadini onqulo, iintsuku zomthendeleko, etc. Abaninzi baye bazibuza ukuba kwakutheni ukuze uYesu nabafundi bakhe benze isidlo sePasika kwakusasa, xa ‘igosa’ IPasika yaqalisa ngobusuku bomhla awafa ngawo uYesu. Kodwa uphando lubonisa amaGalili, kunye namanye amaqela, bengawubala usuku ukususela ekutshoneni kwelanga kuse ekutshoneni kwelanga, njengoko kwakunjalo ngokusemthethweni; ngokokude iqale kubo ipasika kubusuku obandulelayo. Kwandula ke kubekho usukuzwano nonxulumano olungakhululekanga phakathi kwabaFarisi, AbaSadusi, AmaHerode namagunya aseRoma, nentiyo yamaYuda ngamaSamariya nentiyo yawo ngokubanzi ngabantu abangengomaYuda.

UYesu ngokwakhe ubonakala engumYuda ongenazintloni kwaye usalathisa ubulungiseleli bakhe ngokuyintloko kumaYuda; Nangona ngokungafaniyo nabantu ababephila nabantu ababephila ngexesha lakhe waqaqamba kwaye bancoma ukholo lwenene phakathi kwamaYuda. Kodwa ukuba iinxalenye ezinkulu zeeVangeli zaye zakhiwa, okanye nditshone, ngemithombo yesiGrike, njengokuba abagxeki bayathanda ukucebisa, olona gunyazisiweyo lwamaYuda olunamandla lukaYesu’ ukufundisa, kunye necawe yokuqala (ewe. Mt 10:5-6, UMk 7:24-30, Izenzo 11:19), Kunzima kakhulu ukuchaza.

KwaneVangeli kaJohn, ngokubanzi ibanjelwe ukuba ibiyi-ebhaliweyo yokugqibela, I-Areds kwiinkcukacha ezifanayo. Ngasihlandlo sithile kwabakho ukuba uninzi lwemigaqo yenkolo kunye nemibono ebonakalayo kwiVangeli yakhe yayingaziwa ngelo xesha kwaye ingene kuphela kwinkulungwane yesibini. Ukufunyanwa kweMisongo yoLwandle Olufileyo kuchaze kakuhle loo ngxabano; kuba baneencwadi ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ezivela kwixesha likaKristu osebenzisa isigama esifanayo. Kanjalo, Ke ngoko ibonakalisiwe kukuba abanye becinga ukuba yayiyivangeli yokuqala ekufuneka ibhaliwe, Ngelixa abanye becebisa uYesu kusenokwenzeka ukuba yayiyinto ephambili!

Intsomi okanye eyinyani?

Abagxeki bazama ukuqinisekisa ukuba iiVangeli ziyimiphumo 'yokubethwa’ ngababhali, Kwaye ukuba ingxelo kaYesu’ Ukufundisa kunye nemimangaliso kwatshintshwa ngokufanelekileyo ukuze kulungele iimfuno zecawe yokuqala. Kodwa zonke ezi nkcukacha kunye uninzi, Uninzi oluninzi lubonisa ukuba ababhali beencwadi zeVangeli baqhelene ngokusondeleyo nenkcubeko yenkulungwane yokuqala yenkulungwane yokuqala. Ukuba kwabenzayo kamva, Njengoko abo bafundi abanqwenela ukuzilahla kufuneka bakholelwe, Inqanaba elinje lokungqinelana ngokweenkcukacha aliyi kuba liphumelele.

Amabango anjalo aphelela ukuphendula ngokusamkelwa ngokubanzi kwiincwadi zeVangeli kunye nobungqina be ingqibelelo yababhali beencwadi zeVangeli, Kuxoxwe kwinqaku elilandelayo.

Iileta zeTestamente eNtsha zenza icace into yokuba bekukho inkxalabo enzulu phakathi kweenkokeli zecawe zangaphambili ukuba zithintele naluphi na urhwaphilizo lweemfundiso zikaYesu. Umzekelo, Abanye bathi uPawulos wayengoyena 'mhlongeli'; Kodwa iileta zakhe zimbonisa ukuba alumkele kakhulu hayi Ukudida ezakhe izimvo ngeemfundiso zikaYesu: 'Ndinika lo myalelo (ayindim, Kodwa iNkosi): … Konke nditsho le nto (I, hayi iNkosi): …’ (1 Korinte 7:10-12). Ke ukuba bekuyinto ekhohlakeleyo kukaYesu’ Iimfundiso kwinqanaba lokuqala, Xa abapostile babesaphila, umntu unokulindela ubungqina obucacileyo bengqwalaselo enkulu. Oku akunjalo; Ngelixa isebenza kunye neencwadi zenziwa ngabathunywa bayazigculela ngokugqibeleleyo iimbambano ngokuchasene nolwaluko, umzekelo. Ngokufanayo, Ukusasazwa kweencwadi ezibhaliweyo kunye ne-Apocryphal (kubandakanya uhlobo lwe-Gnostic yeVangeli kaMark) Kwinkulungwane yesibini bevuselela impikiswano, njengoko kubhekiswa kwi-Intanethi Irenaeus.

Ke yintoni esinokuyigqiba ngayo ngokufanelekileyo? Ngokusekwe kubungqina obubonisiweyo kubonakala ngathi ababhali beencwadi zeVangeli babebekwe kakuhle ukuqinisekisa okanye bayakhanyela ukuchaneka kwemithombo yabo, kwaye iiakhawunti ezibonisiweyo zi, Kwimbono yabo, Inyaniso nethembekileyo nethembekileyo yezibakala malunga nobomi nobulungiseleli bukaYesu.

Buyela isihloko main.