Ubungqina Imithombo Early Church.

Amabango eTestamente eNtsha kuMbhali.

Ukulandela inkqubo eqhelekileyo yelo xesha, akukho nanye yeevangeli echaza ngokucacileyo ababhali bazo. Nangona kunjalo:

a) Iintshayelelo zikaLuka (1:1-4) kunye neZenzo (1:1-2), kudityaniswe neendlela zabo zokubhala, bonisa ukuba ezi zibhalwe ngokufanayo, ufundile kakhulu, umntu. Intshayelelo yevangeli ibonisa ukuba wayebazi ubukho bezinye iingxelo zikaYesu’ ubomi, kodwa ibifuna ukuveza iakhawunti eodolwe ngokuchanekileyo kunokuba bekuzama ngaphambili; ngelixa intshayelelo yeZenzo ibonisa ukuba oku kwabhalwa njengokulandelelana kweendaba ezilungileyo. Utshintsha ukusuka kumntu wesithathu ukuya kumntu wokuqala isininzi (into ebizwa ngokuba 'thina’ iziqendu) kwiinxalenye zeZenzo izahluko 16, 20, 21, 27 yaye 28 ibonisa ukuba wayengumlingane ohambahambayo waseSt. UPawulos.

b) Incwadi yevangeli kaYohane ineembekiselo ezininzi zomfundi ongachazwanga igama owayethandwa ngokukhethekileyo nguYesu nowayama ngaye kwisidlo sangokuhlwa sokugqibela ukuze abuze ukuba ungubani na uYesu.’ umngcatshi. Lo mfundi ungachazwanga ngagama uchazwa kuYohane 21:20-4 njengowona mthombo weendaba ezilungileyo. Ngokucacileyo ayingoPetros, osoloko ekhankanywa ngegama: kodwa inkcazelo neminye imikhondo idibana kakuhle noYohane, ongabizwanga ngokucacileyo. Iincwadi zikaYohane zibalelwa kumbhali omnye; nangona kwakhona akabizwanga nanye kuzo. UYohane ukwachazwa ngokucacileyo njengombhali weSityhilelo: nangona oku kungaqulathanga imathiriyeli efanelekileyo kwingxoxo yangoku.

Indlela eluncedo ngayo! Uhlalutyo lombhalo lubonisa ukuba isityhilelo asibhalwanga ngumbhali wevangeli kaYohane!

c) Kukho ingxabano encinci yesikolo malunga neencwadi ezininzi zeSt Paul, ngaphandle kwabo baya kuTimoti noTito. Babonisa isimbo esahlukileyo kunye nomxholo wemfundiso kwaye bahlala bechongwa ngokucacileyo njengomsebenzi wakhe, ingongoma uPawulos ayikhankanyayo njengophawu lokuqinisekisa kuyo 2 Thes 3:17. (Phawula ukuba iNcwadi yamaHebhere iyakwenza oko hayi beka ibango lobubhali bukaPauline.)

d) Zombini 1 yaye 2 UPetros ubuchaza ngokucacileyo ububhali babo. Oku kuye kwaphikiswa ngabaphengululi abathile, nangona ihleli imbono yemveli. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphepha iingxoxo ezingeyomfuneko azikhankanywanga kule ngxoxo ikhoyo.

e) Incwadi kaYude ithi yabhalwa nguYude, umzalwana kaYakobi. Nangona kunjalo, inikela ubungqina obuncinane obungqalileyo ngokuphathelele uvuko, ngoko ayikhankanywanga kule ngxoxo.

Ubungqina bangaphakathi obunxulumene nomhla wamaxwebhu eTestamente eNtsha buya kuxoxwa ngokwahlukeneyo.

Ubungqina babaseki beCawa yokuQala.

Polycarp (AD 69-155)

Polycarp, ubhishophu waseSmirna, wafundiswa ngokobuqu ngumpostile uYohane, waza watshiswa esibondeni emva kokuba engazange avume esidlangalaleni ukulahla ukholo lwakhe. Incwadi eya kwibandla laseFilipi (ungabhidaniswa neleta yeNT ebhalwe nguPawulos) yiyo yonke into eseleyo kwiincwadi zakhe: kodwa ubalulekile njengomthombo waba babhali balandelayo.

I-Papias (AD 60-140)

UPapias wayengubhishophu waseHierapolis eFrigiya, kunye nombhali ophum' izandla. Imibhalo yakhe isaphila namhlanje kuphela ngokucaphula kwabanye ababhali, njengoEusebius noIrenaeus. UIrenaus usixelela ukuba wayeliqabane likaPolycarp yaye wayeve noYohane ngokobuqu. UEusebius ucaphula esinye isicatshulwa apho uPapias achaza indlela awayeya kuthandabuza ngayo nabani na awayedibana naye owayenolwazi lokuqala ngabapostile nangeenkokeli zecawa yokuqala.. UEusebius ukwacaphula la mazwi alandelayo kaPapias:

‘UMarko, waba yitoliki kaPetros, wazibhala ngokuchanileyo zonke izinto awayezikhumbula, engakhange abhale ngolungelelwano oko kwathethwayo okanye kwenziwa nguKristu. Kuba naye akayivanga iNkosi, kananjalo akazange amlandele; kodwa emva koko, njengoko benditshilo, (wazimasa) UPeter, owayilungelelanisa imiyalelo yakhe kwiimfuno (yabaphulaphuli bakhe) kodwa yayingenalo icebo lokunikela ingxelo enxibeleleneyo yezihlabo zeNkosi. Ngoko ke uMarko akazange enze mpazamo, ngoxa wayebhala phantsi ezinye izinto njengoko wayezikhumbula; kuba wakukhuthalela konke, ukuba angashiyi nento abeyivile, okanye sibeke phantsi nayiphi na ingxelo yobuxoki kuyo.’

UPapias naye urekhodwa esitsho:

‘Ngoko ke, UMateyu waqamba izihlabo ngolwimi lwesiHebhere, yaye ngamnye wayezitolika kangangoko wayenako.’

Abaphengululi bayahluka mayela nokuba uPapias wayethetha ukuba uMateyu wabhala ngesiHebhere kusini na, okanye ngesiAramiki, ulwimi oluthethwa ngabantu bamaYuda.

Irenaeus (AD 120-190)

UIrenaus wayengumfundi kaPolycarp, owayengumfundi kaYohane ngokwakhe, njengoko kuchaziweyo ngasentla. Uyayibhala loo nto:

‘Kwakhona uMateyu wakhupha incwadi yeVangeli ebhaliweyo phakathi kwamaHebhere ngolwimi lwawo, ngoxa uPetros noPawulos babeshumayela eRoma, kwaye sibeka iziseko zebandla. Emva kokuhamba kwabo, Uphawu, umfundi netoliki kaPetros, wasinika nangokubhala izinto ezavakaliswa nguPetros. NoLuka naye, iqabane likaPawulos, ebhalwe kwincwadi yeVangeli awayishumayelayo. Emva koko, John, umfundi weNkosi, ebingqiyame esifubeni sakhe, Wayipapasha ngokwakhe iVangeli ngoxa wayehlala e-Efese eAsiya.’

UClement waseAlexandria (AD 155-220) ikwatsho nakuMarko:

'Nini, eRoma, UPetros wayelishumayele ekuhleni ilizwi waza ngomoya wazivakalisa iindaba ezilungileyo, abaphulaphuli abaninzi bambongoza uMarko, owathi lowo wamlandela ixesha elide, ezikhumbula izinto ezathethwayo, ukuyibhala phantsi yonke. Oku wakwenza, esenza ukuba ivangeli yakhe ifumaneke kubo bonke abayifunayo.’

Isishwankathelo

Nangona ababhali bevangeli bengachazwanga kwiTestamente eNtsha ngokwayo, iimpawu zabo zesithethe ziqinisekiswa ngabaseki beCawa bokuqala. Aba ngabasemagunyeni ababekufutshane, unxibelelwano oluchazwe kakuhle kubapostile kunye namanye amaKristu esizukulwana sokuqala kwaye babekulungele ukufa ngenxa yobungqina babo.

Ngokobungqina bale mithombo yokuqala, UMateyu waba yivangeli yokuqala yeTestamente eNtsha eyabhalwayo. Ekubeni u-Irenaus esithi oko kwenziwa ngoxa uPetros noPawulos babeseRoma oku kubeka ivangeli emva kwenkoliso, ukuba akunjalo konke, kwiincwadi zikaPawulos (IRoma yaba yindawo yokugqibela kaPawulos).

Uphawu (ngokuqhelekileyo wachazwa njengoYohane Marko, ngumfundi waseYerusalem okhankanywe izihlandlo eziliqela kwiZenzo) yabhala kamsinya emva koko, ngokusekelwe kubungqina bukaPetros. ULuka wabhala ivangeli yakhe kamva, elandelwa zeZenzo, kunye noYohane engowokugqibela kumangqina aphambili ovuko abhalwayo.

Buyela isihloko main.