Government & Inkonzo kwi-Early Church

1. Uphuhliso oluvela kwiingcambu zamaYuda

1.1 Iphethini yamaJuda

Ibhunga lamaYuda elilawulayo ngexesha likaKristu yayiyiSanhedrin (συνεδριον – ilanga). Oku kwenziwa ngababingeleli abaziintloko (αρχιερευς – i-archereas), abadala (πρεσβυτερος – I-Presbuteros) kunye nababhali (γραμματευς – grammatheus) (Lk 22:66, Mt 26:3, 57-9, Mk 14:43, 53, 15:1, Acts 4:5(cf Acts 4:23)). Mk 15:1 AMANQAKU E-SANHEDHRIN ENGCWELE BAYA KUFUNA IINJONGO. Eyona nto iqhelekileyo yokubhekisa kubo bonke amaqela amathathu ngamaqela xa uthetha ngeentlanganiso zobunkokheli kwamaJuda kubonisa ukuba imigaqo yayingayinyani: Kodwa ukuba yonke into idlale indima ephambili kurhulumente.

Igama 'Abalawuli’ kubonakala ngathi ilinganiswe nababingeleli abaziintloko kodwa zahlukile kubadala Acts 4. Kwezinye iimbekiselo esiwafunda kuphela kwababingeleli kunye nabadala: Kodwa ngokuthelekisa nezinye iipasivesithi zibonisa ukuba kwezi meko ukubandakanywa kwababhali zifakwe (Mt 26:47(cf Mk 14:43), Mt 27:1(Mk 15:1)). Oku kucebisa ukuba 'umdala’ yayikukuba kwinqanaba elithile ixesha elinokubandakanya ezo zinto zimiselweyo njengababhali. IGamaliyeli, Ilungu eliphambili leSanhedrin, ichazwa 'njengomfundisi womthetho’ (νομοδιδασκαλος – nomodidaskas) ngaphakathi Acts 5:34) – Eli gama lisetyenziswa lincinci likwabonakala Lk 5:17-21, apho kubonakala kusetyenziswa khona kubabhali.

Kwinkqubo yenkqubo ye-PABORRAL, ezolawulo, Imfundiso kunye ne-Ministring yeSiprofetho (Aba bantu basemntwini wombingeleli omkhulu (Jn 11:49-52). Ubuthathaka bayo obubulalayo bulele emadolweni ngokwabo. Baye bavuma ukwamkelwa esidlangalaleni kwaye bayeka ukuba ngabakhonzi (Lk 11:43 & 46); Babeka isiko labantu ngaphambi kweLizwi likaThixo (Mk 7:6-13) kwaye ilahlekile nayiphi na ingcinga yokwenyani okanye ukuqonda kwesiprofetho (Mk 12:24-7, Jn 3:10-12 & 5:37-44).

1.2 Ukuguqulwa kwamaqela angamaYuda

Ngala maqela mathathu kuphela, 'Abadala', ithathe itayitile yayo phambili kwizakhiwo zeCawe; Nangona kunjalo kule meko inqaku liphelelwe lixesha.

Ukusongamela izibongozo zababhali bakaYesu’ Usuku lwalubenzele into yokugculelwa kwiCawe yokuqala (1 Cor 1:20), kunye nabo bafuna ukuba 'ngabafundisi-ntsapho umthetho’ (νομοδιδασκαλος – nomodidaskas – 1 Tim 1:7) zaphuphuma. Oku bekude ukuba kukwala ubulungiseleli boMfundisi-ntsapho, nangona kunjalo. Ababhali’ Ukufundisa kwakubethile, Ukukhetha kunye nokukhetha: kanti iholo ebalaseleyo kaYesu’ ukufundisa, Nabo bamlandelayo, yayikukutsha, Igunya kwaye ichaphazeleka ngumoya kunokuba ileta yomthetho (Mt 13:52, 7:28-9, 23:23, Jn 3:10-11, 1 Pet 4:11 (Isalathiso sokugqibela asifihli ukufundisa kuphela)). Ke, Nangona eli gama lichithwe, Umsebenzi wokufundisa uyaqhubeka kwaye unikwe imbeko phantsi kwesihloko esilula sika 'Mfundisi’ (διδασκαλος – I-Diaskalos).

Ububingeleli njengeziko libekho ngokupheleleyo ngokuthathwa njengoYesu njengoMbingeleli oMkhulu omnye (Heb 7:11-28), nobubingeleli bawo onke amakholwa (1 Pet 2:9). Indima yabo yeGrayimane yayiyinto ebalaseleyo kwaye eminye imisebenzi yabo yayiyinto ethile. Abapostile babengawona nzuzo we-n.t. ngokulinganayo.

2. Mpostile(αποστολος – Abapostile)

2.1 NguYesu’ Ukubiza kwabalishumi elinambini

2.1.1 Babengoobani?

• USimon no-Andrew Barjona ('Unyana kaJona’ c.f. John 1:42, 21:15, Mt 16:17). Simon ('Ingcongolo') yabizwa ngokuba yi-cephas (I-aramaic) okanye uPeter (IsiGrike – Zombini zithetha 'ilitye'). Babengabalobi baseBhethsaida, ngasentla koLwandle lwaseGalili (Lk 5:10, Jn 1:44).
• UJames noJohn, Oonyana bakaZebhedi, Kwakhona abalobi baseBethsaida (Lk 5:10, Jn 1:44). Intsapho yabo yayikukuba abathengisi beentlanzi bachumileyo, Njengoko babeqeshe izicaka (Mk 1:20), Abafowunelwa abanamandla eJerusalem (Jn 18:15-6) kunye nonina onamandla (Mt 20:20-1)! Babembiwe ('Oonyana bakaHunder') nguYesu (Mk 3:17).
• UPhilip, Ngubani owayevela eBhethsaida (Jn 1:44).
• I-bartholomew (I-aramaic, 'Unyana kaTholmai'). IVangeli kaJohn endaweni yokuba ibhekisele kuye njengoNataniyeli ('Isipho sikaThixo'), yayiligama lakhe lokuqala. Wayengumhlobo kaPhilip, ukusuka eKana (Jn 1:45-51 & 21:2), malunga 12 iikhilomitha (3 iiyure’ hamba) W. yoLwandle lwaseGalili kwaye 8 iikhilomitha n. yeNazarete.
• UThomas (I-aramaic) okanye i-bidymus (IsiGrike – Omabini amagama athetha 'amawele'). Wayethandabuza, kodwa unyanisekile (Jn 11:16 & 20:24-9).
• UMateyu ('Isipho sikaYehova'), ikwabhekiswa kuLevi ('Idityanisiwe'), Unyana ka-Alifaus. (c.f. Mt 9:9 (UMateyu) nge Mk 2:14 & Lk 5:27 (ILevi). Wayengumqokeleli weerhafu ('Ngurhulumente') KumaRoma – Umsebenzi ongathandekiyo! Wayevela eKapernahum (Apho Yesu uhleli khona i-C.F. Mt 4:13, 9:1, Mk 2:1). Le yayinguLwandle lwaseGalili, 3½ iikhilomitha s.w. yeBethsaida.
• UYakobi unyana ka-Alifeus. Akukho nanye yezingqinisiso ephethe naluphi na uqhagamshelo losapho kuMateyu, Utata kabani wayenegama elifanayo.
• Lebbaeus, ngubani obizwa ngokuba nguThaddaeus (c.f. Mt 10:3 & Mark 3:18) Kodwa kwakwabizwa ngokuba 'nguYudas kaJames’ ngaphakathi Luke 6:16 yaye John 14:22. UYesu wayenabantakwabo ababini egama linguYudas noJames (c.f. Mt 13:55): Kodwa sixelelwa ukuba abakholelwa kuye ngexesha lobulungiseleli bakhe basemhlabeni (Jn 7:5 & Mk 3:21-32), Ke kunokwenzeka ukuba uYakobi wayegama likaYise.
• USimon Hlotes (IsiGrike) okanye amaKanan (I-aramaic) – Zombini intsingiselo. I-Zealots yayingamaJuda alwa amaJuda-ihlazo laseRoma. IKanan ikwathetha 'abemi baseKanan’ (Ikota egubungela inxalenye enkulu yentshona yakwaSirayeli).
• UJudas Skariyot, NguYesu’ umngcatshi. Wajonga imali; kodwa ngokunganyaniseki (Jn 12:6).

2.1.2 Ukudibana okokuqala

Jn 1:35 – 2:25. NguYesu’ Iintlanganiso zokuqala noJohn (Umfundi ongachazwanga), Andrew, Simon, UPhilip noNataniyeli, nje emva kwesilingo sakhe entlango, Siphe ukuqonda okuxabisekileyo kwindlela awayebubonisa ubunkokeli bakhe.

• Ngaphambi kokuba ubize ngokuzibophelela, UYesu wabamemela ukuba bagcine (Jn 1:39).
• Wayefuna abafundi ababebalele iindleko (c.f. Lk 14:25-33). (Of the 11, all but John would be martyred!)
• Olu phawu lugubungele zonke iinxalenye zobomi bakhe – hayi nje ubulungiseleli bakhe basesidlangalaleni. Kude kakhulu, Sigxila kwizipho zenkonzo yabantu kwaye sityeshele ubomi babo.
• UYesu unabo nawo achitha ixesha nentsapho yakhe; ebingenakuba lula, Njengoko abantakwabo bengakholelwa kuye (Yoh 2:12 & 7:5). Cinga ngaloo nto – bekuya kuba naliphi ifuthe kuwe ukubona yonke le nto?
• UYesu akazange avume ukuthambeka (Jn 1:45-51).
• Wanika igama elitsha kunye nombono omtsha (Jn 1:42 & 50-1). Ukuba siza kukhokelela ngokufanelekileyo, Kufuneka sithathe abantu ngaphaya kweentsilelo zabo ngendlela abazibona ngayo kunye nekamva labo. Kufuneka sibabonise amandla abo kuThixo.
• Wathatha ingxaki ukubazi ngokwakho (Jn 1:39 ixesha, Jn 1:42 Ukuqonda ukuqonda, Jn 1:43 Ukufuna, Jn 1:48 Umthandazo). Ukuba awukwenzi oku kwabo baphendule ngokuthe ngqo kuwe, Ngubani omnye oza kuba?
• Wabonisa ukubaluleka kwento awayekufundile kuwo omabini amandla kunye nokuzinikela kwakhe (Jn 2:11 & 17).
• Ukuphepha ukwenza izibophelelo zokuhamba ngokungxama (Jn 2:23-5). Ezinye zazo ziguquliweyo kufuneka zibe zenyani: kodwa, kunokuba ndivakalise, kwaye ufune okanye unikezele kakhulu, Kungekudala, Wayekulungele ukuthemba nokulinda.

2.1.3 Ukuba ngumfundi wokuqala

Jn 3:22-4 & 4:1-3. Ezi ziganeko zenzeka ngaphambi kokubanjwa kukaYohane umbhaptizi, Kwaye ke ngaphambi kokuba kubekho naziphi na kwezinye zokuhlangana kunye neyeshumi elinambini ezichazwe kwezinye iincwadi zeVangeli (yabona Mt 4:12 & Mk 1:14). Nangona uJohn kuphela kuphela, Andrew, Simon, UPhilip noNataninayeli bakhankanyiwe ngegama, Acts 1:21-2 iphakamisa ukuba bonke abantu ababhinqileyo badibana noYesu ngeli xesha.

Ukanti uYesu wayesele eqalile ukuqeqesha la madoda, Nangona, njengoko siza kubona, Babengekazenzi ukuzibophelela ngokupheleleyo kuye. Kwaye oku kubandakanya okungaphezulu kokuphulaphula nje. UYesu sele ebhaptiza abanye (Jn 4:2)!

Qaphela ukuba olu lubhaptizo lwenguquko, Ngaphandle kokuzibophelela koYesu (Iireferensi zokuqala zoku Mt 28:19 yaye Acts 2:38; echaza isizathu sokuba uYesu engabhaptizi mntu). Asinakucela umntu ukuba abhaptise umntu kuYesu’ Igunya ukuba alizithobelanga ngokupheleleyo: Kodwa nawuphi na umoni anokunceda omnye avume izono zabo. UYesu wayenomdla wokubandakanya abafundi bakhe kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ngokukhawuleza.

2.1.4 Ixesha lesigqibo

Lk 5:1-11 (Mt 4:18-23). Ukude kubengoku, Abafundi abalishumi elinababini bangabafundi bexeshana. Emva kokuba uYesu’ ukubamba iintlanzi, UPeter ubona indlela engaguqukiyo kunye nokuzinikela kwakhe. Ngoku uYesu ubiza abafundi ukuba bayeke yonke into.

Ngokufanayo, UYesu ubiza uMateyu, Ngubani na owukhokelela ngokukhawuleza umsebenzi wakhe weqokeleli Mt 9:9-13, Mk 2:14-7 & Lk 5:27-32. Ngengozi, Ucinga ukuba yintoni umahluko phakathi kweqela likaMateyu kunye neqela-elinokufuna ukuya kuthi ga kwikhaya lakhe ekhaya (Lk 9:61-2)?)

2.1.5 Ukukhetha abalishumi elinambini

Lk 6:12-6. Nangona uYesu ngoku echithe ixesha elide nabafundi bakhe, Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe isigqibo sokuba uza kuqesha njengabapostile wachitha ubusuku bonke emthandazweni.

Oku kufuneka kusinike imvakalelo yokubaluleka kokukhathalela kakhulu ukuba sinyule kuyo nayiphi na iofisi ecaweni.

Ikwakukrwalatha ukubaluleka kokufuna ulwalathiso lukaThixo, kunokuba sithembele ekuqondeni kwethu. Kulula ukuba ulahlekiswe ngokubonakala (1 Sam 16:6-7).

2.1.6 Umngcamli womhlobo

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba uYesu wayeyazi yonke into yokuba uYudas angamngcatsha (Jn 2:25). Kodwa wamkhathalela ke ngokungathandabuzekiyo, Kwanangokuhlwa okuyo, Abanye abafundi babengenazi ukuba wayengumngcatshi. Ke ukuba abanye bayakuyeka, Ndiyabulela kuThixo ngokungaxeli kwangaphambili kwaye, Ngokungafaniyo noJudas, Kukho ithemba baya kuphucula.

Qaphela imbewu kaYudas’ intshabalalo ngaphakathi Jn 12:4-8. Usenokuba uchitha ngaphezulu kwakhe xa kungekho mntu ujonge; Kodwa izama ukukhupha isazela sakhe ngokufumana iphoso nabanye (kule meko, NguYesu). Yayiyinto nje eyayilinde uSathana (c.f. Matthew 26:6-16 & Luke 22:3-6). Ngaphambi kokugxeka abanye, Hlala uzibuza, "Ndikhe ndenza izinto ezinje?"

2.2 Izifundo ze-runch kwiNkokeli

2.2.1 Uhlobo lobunkokeli

• Ubunkokeli bokwenyani bungamandla. Mt 20:20-9 & Jn 13:1-17. Ngokungafaniyo neinkokeli zamaJuda (Mt 23:2-12).
• Igunya liphuma ekubeni liphantsi kwegunya. Mt 8:9, Lk 9:1-2, Jn 5:19-23, 15:4-17.

2.2.2 Imigaqo ephambili

• Ukubakho. Awungekhe ukhokele ukuba awumameli! KuThixo, Ngomthandazo, nakwabo baphantsi kwakho (Mk 9:33-7).
• Gxila. Kunokuba uzame ukufundisa wonke umntu, UYesu wafumana abafundi abaninzi, kwaye wabafundisa kubafundi babafundi Mt 28:19. Lo mgaqo usebenza ngokulinganayo kwiinkokeli zecawa namhlanje - umsebenzi wethu ophambili kukuxhobisa abanye (yabona Eph 4:11-2).
• Abantu abazama kwaye baphumile ngaphezulu kunabo abangazami (ewe. Mt 14:25-32).
• Ukudlulisa kunye nokuthembana. Ukhuthaze abafundi ukuba benze izinto (ewe. Mt 14:16, Lk 10:1-20).

2.2.3 Izifundo zento

• Ubunkokeli abuxhomekeki kwimithombo yakho. Lk 10:3-4.
• Kuya kufuneka ukuba unoxolo unike uxolo. Lk 10:5-6 (Qaphela ukuba uxolo lwakho olunikiweyo). Sidlulisela oko sikuyonto kunokuba siyithetha.
• Iinkokheli kufuneka zikwazi ukunika kwaye zifumane. Lk 10:7-9. Kulilungelo ukunika: Kodwa xa sizithoba ukuze sifumane, Singayindlela yokufumana intsikelelo kumniki (ewe. Jn 4:6-15).

2.3 Uphuhliso lwenkonzo yabapostile

2.3.1 UJudas’ Ukutshintshwa

Acts 1:15-26. Iikhrayitheriya zabapostile zokutshintshwa kukaJudas zityhila ukuba 12 Ngabo kuphela abalandela uYesu ngalo lonke ubulungiseleli bakhe. Asazi ukuba bangaphi abanye abakhoyo; Kodwa ezona zimbini zibalaseleyo, I-Josejes Asanas Ussus noMatthias babenelungelo ngokulinganayo; kwaye ekugqibeleni babuyela ngomthandazo benyuka baninzi ukukhetha phakathi kwabo.

Qaphela iimeko ezizodwa apho kusetyenziswa khona le ndlela. Okokuqala, Bayiqwalasele iimpembelelo zeZibhalo ezilawula ukhetho, emva koko ukufaneleka kwabaviwa, Alithandabuzeki elokuba kubandakanya noko bakwazi ngokwabo ngesimo sokuziphatha kwala madoda. Kuphela emva koko, Ayifumani nto ukuze ukhethe phakathi kwabo, Ngaba bacele umqondiso. Sukucela imiqondiso ukuba kukho izizathu ezingokweZibhalo nezisizathu sokuba ungazenzi ukhetho oluthile.

Abanye abafundi bathi abapostile benza impazamo ekuqeshweni kweMatias, Kwaye ukuba umpostile weshumi elinambini wayefanele ukuba nguPawulos. Oku kuyathandana ngezizathu ezibini eziphambili: Okokuqala, UPawulos wayengelilo ubungqina bobulungiseleli bukaYesu basemhlabeni, ukufa nokuvuka (Acts 1:21-2) yaye, okwesibini, I-IT ithatha inxaxheba kufuneka kubekho 12 Abapostile.

Kodwa kuthekani ngoYosefu, phantse - umpostile? Asinakuba bonke bangabapostile: Kodwa khawube nomsebenzi wakho kwisikhundla sakhe. Ungazibhukuqa, ndinomsindo kuThixo ngokungakhethi, okanye ube nomonela uMattais? Uza kusabela njani ukuba ubulungiseleli bomzalwana bufumana ingqwalaselo ngakumbi kuneyakho? Ngubani onelungelo lokukhetha? Ungoobani, kwaye sisiphi isizathu?

2.3.2 Indima kaPeter

Qaphela koku kungasentla, Nangona uPetros eqala inkqubo, Isigqibo senziwa ngokudibeneyo (cf. Acts 1:15,23,24,26).

Mt 16:19 ivuse mpikiswano enkulu phakathi kwamaKatolika namaProtestanti, ubukhulu becala malunga nokuba 'lilitye' lithetha uPetros, Ukuvuma kwakhe ukholo kuYesu, okanye nguYesu ngokwakhe. Amagama kaYesu alandelayo, 'Ndiza kukunika izitshixo zobukumkani bamazulu, Kwaye nantoni na oyibophelele emhlabeni iya kubotshwa ezulwini, Kwaye nantoni na oyilabela emhlabeni iya kukhululwa ezulwini. 'Zibhekiswa kuPeter bodwa, Ukuqinisekisa ngendima ephambili kaPeter phakathi kwabapostile. Kodwa kuyingozi ukuba wakhe iimfundiso malunga nokutolikwa kwendinyana. In Mt 18:18, UYesu wenza isithembiso esifanayo kubo bonke abafundi bakhe; Ukubonisa eli gunya alithintelwe kuPetros okanye njengabapostile nje (Ngaphandle kokuba ucinga Mt 18:19 isebenza kuphela kubo!).

UPeter wayeyinkokeli iyonke, njengoko kubonisiwe nguYesu (Lk 22:31-2, Jn 21:15-7). Kodwa ukuba sijonga ezona zinto zibalulekileyo zecawe yokuqala siyibona loo nto, njengasentla, Izigqibo zisekelwa kubunyani bokuthanda kukaThixo. UPeter wayengenayo ivoti yokuphosa, okanye nelizwi lokugqibela (bona ngezantsi). Engazange ngaphezulu kwempazamo engaphezulu okanye ukulungiswa (Gal 2:11-4). Ubunkokeli abugqithisi ukungafezeki, Okanye ukubambisa inkokeli yokungayikhathaleli isiluleko sabanye ngokungathobeli.

2.3.3 UJames

In Acts 8:1 & 14 Ubunkokeli bukwabonakala kuphela ezandleni zabapostile. Ngokufanayo Acts 9:27, Ukuchaza utyelelo lokuqala lukaPawulos kwiCawe yaseYerusalem akunakukhankanya abadala, Kodwa ngabapostile kuphela. Kodwa uPawulos ucacisa ngaphakathi Gal 1:15-19 ukuba kwiminyaka emithathu emva kobizo lwayondela watyelela uPeter eYerusalem kwaye, Okubangela ngakumbi, UYesu’ UMzalwan 'uJames wajongwa njengompostile. Kuyabonakala ukuba abanye abapostile babengekho ngeli xesha (cf Gal. 1:19), Kwaye uYakobi wayeyinxalenye yobunkokeli baseYerusalem.

(Kunzima ukuza kuthi ga ngoku Gal 1:15-24&2:1-10, Njengonxibelelwano nge Acts 9:26-30, 11:29-30&12:1-25, 15:1-30 Kwaye ubungqina bukaPawulos ngaphakathi Acts 22:17-21 iveza iingxaki ezithile. Kukho iinkcazo ezimbini ezinokubakho. Okokuqala, i Acts 9:27 Intlanganiso ibonakala ingabi ngaphezu kokuva ukugqiba ukwenza isigqibo sokuba kukhuselekile ukuvumela uPaul anxibelelane necawe. Ukusukela Gal 1:15 uqala ngobizo lakhe lokushumayela phakathi kwe-butenhen, Kusenokwenzeka ukuba uPawulos wayengazange wayiva le nto ibibaluleke ngayo imfundiso kwinkonzo yakhe yeNtlanga: kule meko Gal 1:18 yaye Acts 22:17-21 inokubhekisa kutyelelo lwayo ngaphakathi Acts 11:29-30&12:1-25, Ngombono awuchazayo ukhokelela kwiziganeko ngaphakathi Acts 13:1-3. Utyelelo oluchaziweyo Gal 2:1-10 ngewayengachazwa ngaphakathi Acts 15:1-30, Emva kohambo lokuqala lobufundisi. Ngenye indlela, Isenokuba yiyo loo nto Gal 1:17-8 Ichaza ixesha lokuphumla leminyaka emithathu phakathi kokuguqulwa kukaPawulos kunye nokwamkelwa kwakhe kwiCawa yaseYerusalem, ngaphakathi Acts 9:27; ebeka ukwamkelwa kombuthi kaJames ngandlela ithile. Ndithanda inkcazo yokugqibela, Njengoko kuya kubonakala ngathi utyelelo lwesibini lukaPawulos, eyayilungele kuphela injongo yokuhlangula uncedo kubadala abadala (Acts 11:28-30), yenzeka ngexesha lentshutshiso eqatha (Acts 12:1-25); Xa kwabapostile babenganxibelelani ngaphezulu komnye nomnye (cf. Acts 12:17). Akukho kukhankanywa kwayo nayiphi na intlanganiso ethe ngqo phakathi kukaPaul noJames okanye nabaphi na abapostile ngexesha lolu tyelelo; ezazichaza ukuba kutheni uPawulos engayichazi ngaphakathi Gal 1:15-24&2:1-10.)

Umyalelo kaPetros kwiCawe ukuba uxelele iindaba zokusinda kwakhe 'kuYakobi kunye nabazalwana’ ngaphakathi Acts 12:17 iphakamisa ukuba wayeyinkokeli esebenzayo yeCawa kwi-Peter ukungabikho kukaPeter. Uphando lwakhe lubonakale ngakumbi kwindima yakhe kwingxoxo-mpikiswano malunga nolwaluko ngaphakathi Acts 15:13-22, apho kubonakala khona ukunikwa igama lokugqibela ngalo mbandela.

Xa uPawulos ebuyela eYerusalem okokugqibela, Ubonakala phambi koJames, Phambi kwabadala (Acts 21:18). Nguye kuphela umntu okhankanywe ngegama, Ukungena ukuba wayeyinkokeli eyaziwayo: Nangona kufuneka iqatshelwe ukuba isiphakamiso sibekwe kuPaul sibonisa ngokucacileyo njengempendulo edibeneyo. Akukho kukhankanywa kwakhe nawuphi na abanye abapostile: nokuba sasazi sabo sidityanisiwe koko kubadala okanye, mhlawumbi ngakumbi, Babesebenza kwiindawo ezikude ngakumbi.

2.3.4 Abanye abapostile

Asazi ukuba mangaphi amanye amadoda kwiTestamente eNtsha anikwe isihloko esithi 'UMPHODI'. UPawulos, ngaphakathi 1 Cor 15:5-7 uthi uYesu wabonwa nguPeter, emva koko ishumi elinambini, emva koko 500 abazalwana ngaxeshanye, emva koko nguJames, Ke ngo 'bonke abapostile', kwaye ekugqibeleni nguPawulos ngokwakhe. Ibinzana 'Bonke abapostile’ Inokuba yireferensi kwishumi elinambini kunye noJames; Okanye kusenokubonisa ukuba ngaphambi kokuba uguqulwe nguPawulos kukho abanye ababeqatshelwe njengabapostile.

In Acts 14:4 & 14 Sifumana uPawulos noBharnabus bobabini abachongwa njengabapostile, Ukuzisa inani labapostile abaziwayo ukuba 15. UPaul uzichaza ngokunjalo kwiileta zakhe.

UAndroniko noJuniya (Rom 16:7) ngamanye amaxesha nakwenziwe: Kodwa kuya kuxoxwa yiyo nokuba intetho, 'Yenqaku phakathi kwabapostile,’ kuthetha ukuba ngokwabo babengabapostile okanye njengokuba bacinga kakuhle ngabapostile.

'Umpostile’ ibiligama lesiGrike eliqhelekileyo (intsingiselo, 'Lowo uthunyelwe', okanye 'umthunywa') eyamkelwa emva koko yamkelwa njengesihloko. Kuya kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba zithathu iireferensi ze-NT, ayihlali iguqulelwe 'njengompostile', ekwayisebenzisa: John 13:15, 2 Cor 8:23 (phinda. Tito) yaye Phil 2:25 (Epaphroditus). Kwimeko nganye kwezi zisetyenziswayo ngaphandle kwenqaku eliqinisekileyo; Kwaye ukungabikho kwenye inkxaso yemeko asinakuqiniseka ukuba yenzelwe isihloko kunokuba sinentsingiselo 'nje yendlela’ kwezi meko. Kwelinye icala lesikali, U-Yesu uchazwa njenge, 'Umpostile,’ ngaphakathi Heb 3:1.

2.3.5 Indima yethutyana?

Imfuneko yentsusa 'yeshumi elinambini’ kuba babefanele ukuba babenabafundi bakulo xesha lokubhaptizwa kukaYohane de banyuke, Ukuze bangamaNgqina kaYesu’ uvuko (Acts 1:21-2). Nangona le nkuthazo ayisebenzi kuJames, Kuncinci kakhulu kuPawulos, Abanye bayaphikisana 1 Cor 15:5-8, idityaniswe ne 1 Cor 9:1, ibonisa ukuba ukubonwa ngokuvukayo uYesu wayeyimfuneko. Kule nto iqinisekiswa ukuba abapostile babeyicawe yokuqala kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, Isiphelo esinjalo sibaluleke kakhulu. Nangona imizekelo yabantu ababizwa ngokuba ngabapostile emva kokuphela kwexesha le-NT iza kwenzeka kwiSibhalo, Ukuhlolwa kwezi kunye nezinye iipaseji zinika izizathu ezifanelekileyo zokuthandabuza isiphelo.

Okokuqala, makhe sijonge kwakhona 1 Cor 15:7-8: 'Emva koko wabonakala kuYakobi, ke kubo bonke abapostile, kwaye ekugqibeleni kwabo bonke wabonakala kum, njengenye yaza yazalelwa.’ Xa uPawulos esithi, 'Bonke abapostile,’ ngokucacileyo ayithethi, 'Bonke ababapostile ngoku,’ ngaphendle koba, 'Bonke abaza kubakho;’ Ekubeni amazwi akhe alandelayo enza icace ukuba wayengafani nawe. Ke ngoko sinokwenza isebenzise ngokunyaniseka eli binzana kuphela kwabo babengabapostile ngexesha likaYesu’ imbonakalo. Kwaye ukuba uPawulos wayezikhupha ngathi asinakucinga ukuba wayequka uBharnabhas, Ngubani obizwa ngumpostile kwangaxeshanye noPawulos (Acts 14:4). Ke eBharnabhas sinompostile walo akukho bungqina bucacileyo, ukuba wabona uKrestu.

Inkcazo kaPaul 1 Cor 9:1, 'Andimkanga? Andinguye umpostile? Andimbonanga uYesu Krestu iNkosi yethu?’ IIMPAWU ZEMIBUZO YEMIBUZO YOKUGQIBELA, nganye yeyondla ubunzima bomzimba omnye osisiseko; okoyi, 'Yintoni onayo ukundigweba?’ (yabona 1 Cor 9:3 phambili). Akukho nto apha ukucebisa ukuba uzama ukuchaza iindlela eziphambili ngobuqili. Kungenjalo, Yintoni intsingiselo yombuzo wakhe, 'Andimkanga?’; eyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yoluhlu olufanayo?

Ngapha koko, Amava kaPaul ahluke kakhulu kweyeshumi elinambini noYakobi kuba wabona umbono kaYesu emva kokunyukela. Abantu basazi ukuba babe nemibono kaYesu namhlanje; Ke nokuba amava anjalo ayefuna ubuqhetseba apho kunokuba ngabaviwa. Kodwa ubunyani bebango elinjalo banokugwetywa njani?

Yayiyinto elula yokwakha eneneni awayenayo noYesu, Kwaye iSibhalo icacile ukuba kwenziwa umbuzo obambeleyo xa kuqeshwa uMattais. Nangona kunjalo, Kwimeko kaPaul noBharnabhas, ababizwa ngokuba ngabapostile emva kokuba bethunyelwe kwa-Antiyokwe (cf. Acts 13:1-3 & 14:4), Akukho ngcebiso yalo naluphi na umbuzo wokuba babembonile na okanye hayi uYesu. Nokuba nomntu onelisekileyo ngokupheleleyo Acts 1:21-2 ikhrayitheriya, Ukuba ngumpostile yayiyinto ethile yokhetho lukaThixo (Acts 1:23-6). Kwimeko kaPaul noBharnabus ugxininiso lwalukuqeshwa nguMoya oyiNgcwele kumsebenzi othile.

Kubaluleke kakhulu oko, Ngelixa eyona nto iphambili kwishumi elinambini yayikukuba bangamaNgqina kaYesu’ uvuko (Acts 1:22), ngaphakathi Acts 13:31 UPaul noBharnabus bakuphepha ngokungazichazanga ngokwabo ngoku; Gcina loo ndima abo 'babeza kunye naye bevela kwelaseGalili besiya eYerusalem.’ Ngale ndlela sinophawu olucacileyo lokuba umsebenzi wabapostile kamva wabonwa kakhulu kweyeshumi elinambini kule ntlonipho.

Ukusuka kule nto kubonakala ngathi, Ngelixa leshumi elinambini (kwaye ukuya kwinqanaba elincinci, UJames) Ihlala indawo eyahlukileyo njengamangqina-eyedwa kuYesu’ Ubomi novuko, Yamkelwa kumaxesha eTestamente eNtsha ukuba abanye babeshumayela kwinkonzo nobulungiseleli baphakathi ebandleni babizwa ngokuba ngabapostile.’ Sisenokulumkisa ukusebenzisa esi sihloko namhlanje ngenxa yokoyika ukuqondwa ngokomoya: Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba kusenokungabikho abo banenkonzo efanayo kwabo babapostile kamva.

2.3.6 Iimpawu ngokubanzi zompostile

Abapostile babonwa njengesipho senkonzo esinikwe icawe nguKristu (1 Cor 12:28-9 & Eph 4:11-2). Babengabakhi beCawa. In 1 Cor 9:2 UPawulos ugqabaza, 'Nangona ndingangekhe ndingumpostile kwabanye, Ngokuqinisekileyo ndikuwe! Kuba wena uyitywina lokuprinta lam eNkosini.’ Ngokucacileyo, Wabona iBandla lazimisela ukuba lingumqondiso weqonga lakhe njengompostile.

Ishumi elinababini lalinobuchule obungaphezulu kwendalo (cf. Acts 5:12). Kuyabonakala ukuba uPawulos wayekugqala oku ukuba ubungqina obufunekayo bobuqili; kuba ngaphakathi 2 Cor 12:12 uthi, 'Izinto eziphawula umpostile – imiqondiso, Imimangaliso kunye nemimangaliso – zenziwa phakathi kwenu ngonyamezelo olukhulu.’

Nangona kunjalo, Ezi zinto zodwa azizenzi umpostile! UPhilip wayenguvulindlela kwiCawa eSamariya kwaye wayenemiqondiso elandelayo inkonzo (Acts 8:5-13): Kodwa akazange abhekise kuye njengompostile; kuphela njengevangeli kuphela (Acts 21:8). Ukuqonda ukuba kutheni, Sifanele siqaphele ezinye iimpawu ezimbini zabapostile.

Okokuqala, Abapostile yayingamadoda anegunya lokomoya kwimicimbi yoRhulumente weCawa kunye neMfundiso (Acts 2:42, 15:2-6, 16:4, 1 Cor 5:3-5, 2 Cor 10:2-11 & Gal 1:8-9). (Indima yemfundiso yabaluleka ikakhulu ngaphambi kokuba izicatshulwa ze-NT zabhalwa njengendlela yokugcina ubunyulu bevangeli kunye nokumisela ukuba isetyenziswe njani kwiimeko ze-Novel, njengokuguquka kweeNtlanga. Qaphela nangona kunjalo, njengangoku, Uvavanyo lwe-Acid Ngaba nayiphi na imfundiso enxulumene njani neemfundiso zikaYesu kunye nomzimba okhoyo weSibhalo; kwaye emva koko kuphela kwiimfundiso zabalishumi elinababini nabavakalisi kamva (cf. Mk 8:38, Acts 15:7-21, Gal 1:8, 2:2 & 2:14).)

Kwimeko kaPhilip, wabanika abantu iindaba ezilungileyo: Kodwa kukho ibhloko yendlela xa ifikile endaweni apho babenokuwafumana khona amandla oMoya oyiNgcwele. Oku akususwanga de icawa yangumSamari yayiphantsi kwenkonzo yabapostile (Acts 8:14-25).

Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngaphambili, Umpostile uthetha 'isithunywa,’ okanye, 'Lowo uthunyelwe.’ Nangona kungekho mathandabuzo ukuba uMoya oyiNgcwele wayenoFilipu, Wayengamfumani igunya elithile kwicawe ukuba ishumayele iVangeli eSamariya. Njenge, wayenomthanisi; Kodwa hayi igunya elifunekayo ukuseka icawe.

Eyona nto iphambili eyahlukileyo ye-Betwen Low nje ezityala icawe kwaye umpostile kubonakala ukuba usisiko elithile nguMoya oyiNgcwele ukuba enze lo msebenzi. NjengoPhilip, Abo batyale icawa kwa-Antiyokwe (Acts 11:19-21) ayikho ndawo ebhekiswa kuyo njengabapostile. Nangona icawe yaziswa phantsi kwegunya labapostile ngokuthumela uBharnabus njengommeli wabo (Acts 11:22-4), kwaye apha okanye ukuba ngaphambili uLuka uyichaza i-barnabus njengompostile; 'njengendoda elungileyo, Ezele nguMoya oyiNgcwele nokholo '. Nokuba kude kube ngoku Acts 13:1 Umdanisa nje phakathi kwabaprofeti babafundi.’ Kodwa emva kokuba uPawulos noBharnabus bathunyelwa yicawa yakwa-Antiyokwe ekubhiyozeleni uMoya oyiNgcwele uqala ukubabize bobabini abapostile (Acts 14:4).

Qaphela ukuba ayisiyonto yabapostile eYerusalem eyalela icawa kwa-Antiyokwe ukuba ifikelele ngale ndlela; kwaye akukho bungqina bokuba nabani na abekhona osele eqatshelwe njengompostile. Eli yayilinyathelo lomoya oyingcwele (Acts 13:2 & 4) Oko kwamkelwa kwaye kuvunyelwe yicawa yendawo (Acts 13:3 & 14:26-7). Nangona igunya lokomoya lixhomekeke kubudala kubukho bobudlelwane obulungileyo kwabanye abasemagunyeni abamiselwe abasemagunyeni kwiCawe: Ubizo lwabapostile kubalulekile ngokusisiseko, Njengoko uPawulos ngokwakhe enesitayile 1:1.

Kungaqatshelwa ukuba bonke abapostile babenemigodi yererisayo; ukuba nenkxalabo yokusekwa okanye ukongamela ngaphezu kwecawe enye. Oku akuthethi ukuba bahambe kakhulu: Sixelelwa ukuba yayingamakholwa aqhelekileyo, hayi abapostile, obenoxanduva lokuqhuma kwecawa yecawa yaseYerusalem (Acts 8:1-4). UJames ubonakala echithe ixesha lakhe elininzi eYerusalem: Kodwa ileta yakhe ibonakalisa inkxalabo yakhe ngalo lonke iphiko lamaYuda lecawe (Jas 1:1).

Ingcaciso kaPaul kwi 1 Cor 9:2 , 'Nangona ndingangekhe ndingumpostile kwabanye, Ngokuqinisekileyo ndikuwe!’ inomdla, Njengoko ibonisa ukuba uPawulos wabajonga ubudoda. Indoda isenokungajongwa njengompostile ngeCawe xa iyonke; Kodwa nangona kunjalo ube ngumpostile kwinxalenye ethile yayo. Siyibona le ngcinga Gal 2:6-9 phi, 'KuThixo, owayesemsebenzini kubulungiseleli bukaPetros njengompostile kumaYuda, Wayesemsebenzini kubulungiseleli bam njengompostile weentlanga.’ Kubonakala ngathi kukho idigri yobuqhetseba, Ukusukela kwiCawe yeHlabathi kwiHlabathi liphela. Ukuba kunjalo, Sifuna ukuba silumkele ukusebenzisa igama namhlanje, Logama nje sikulumkele ukuchaza umda weenkonzo kwaye ungavumeli isihloko sibe yindlela yendlela yokuphatha ngokwakho?

(Buyela kwimixholo / Qhubeka nokufunda)