Ukuchana iTestamente Entsha – Izichaso Neempendulo

… Ngenxa yoko ukuqukumbela okusengqiqweni, Ngokusekwe kubungqina bangaphakathi, Ngaba iiVangeli xela kwangaphambili Ukuwa kweYerusalem kwaye kusekwe kubungqina bamangqina, ixhaswe ngamanqaku abhaliweyo.

Ngaphandle kokuba uyakholelwa kwisiprofetho!

Akukho bungqina bubonisa ukuba uYesu wenza njenge “hoseh”, imboni, kwaye amaYuda wona abhekisela kuye njengobuxoki “inkaba”, owayeyitoliki yeTorah.

Ngokwenene! Ukuba unciphisa iziprofeto zakhe ukuqala, ngokuqinisekileyo akuyi kubakho bungqina. Yaye ngaba ubuya kulindela ukuba amaYuda ambize ngokuba ngumprofeti??

Kodwa nokungakholelwa kwisiprofeto akusiso isizathu esibambekayo sokuthatha isithuba seAD 70 ukuthandana. Njengoko omnye umgxeki watshoyo ngethuba kuxoxwa ngalo mba:

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ndibonayo kubonakala kukho iinkampu ezimbini:

1. iqela elithi iimbekiselo zokutshatyalaliswa kweYerusalem zibonisa ukuba oku kumele ukuba sele kwenzekile;
2. iqela elithi esi yayisisiprofeto;

Eyam imbono yeyokuba akukho mbono iyimfuneko. Kuya kubonakala kakuhle kumntwana osezandleni ukuba, kuloo meko yezobupolitika kunye nooMesiya abahlukahlukeneyo betyhutyha bezama ukuxelisa uJudas Maccabeus, ekugqibeleni amaRoma ayeza kudinwa aze azitshabalalise iindonga zesixeko, etc. Ukuqikelelwa ngokuwa kweYerusalem akumangalisi, ngoko ke nam ndisisidenge, okanye uYesu wayethetha nje into ecacileyo.

Kububudenge ukucinga ukuba iingqikelelo kuxwebhu kufuneka zibhalwe emva kwesiganeko.’

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Ngoko kwenzeka njani ukuba kubekho abanye 200,000 ufundo ezahlukeneyo kwezi 24,300 amaxwebhu?

Ngamanye amaxesha kuye kuchazwe ukuba kukho phakathi 150,000 yaye 200,000 ukufunda okwahlukileyo. Eli nani libala negama elingapelwanga kakuhle 'njengokufunda okwahlukileyo'; kwaye uyibala kulo lonke uxwebhu ebonakala kulo (oko kukuthi. ukuba upelo olugwenxa luyenzeka kwi 500 amaxwebhu, oko kubalwa njenge 500 ezahlukeneyo)! Ngoko ukuba, umzekelo, nje 10 iimpazamo zazuzwa luninzi lwezi 24,300 imibhalo-ngqangi, besiya kuyifezekisa i 200,000 iyonke. Ngokucacileyo, lo mfanekiso awungomlinganiselo wokwenene wokuchaneka kwesicatshulwa.

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Uhlalutyo lombhalo lubonisa ukuba isityhilelo asibhalwanga ngumbhali wevangeli kaYohane!

Oku akuyonyani, kodwa ibango elisekelwe kwiingxoxo ezithathwe kuyo ukugxekwa koncwadi, egubungela izinto ezifana nesigama, igrama, njl.

Njengoko kuxoxwe ngokupheleleyo kamva kwinqaku eliphambili, ubuthathaka bayo kukuba iyasilela ukunika ingxelo ngokwaneleyo ngomahluko kwisimbo esibangelwa kumxholo okanye imeko.. Kwiimeko ezimbalwa eziyantlukwano zibonakala ngakumbi kunaxa uthelekisa intetho yesiprofeto neyombongo nengxelo eqhelekileyo.. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, Siyazi ukuba uYohane wayenoncedo lwabanye ekuhlanganiseni ivangeli yakhe (c.f. Yoh 21:24). Wayengumlobi waseGalili, asingomthonyama othetha isiGrike. Kodwa wabhala iSityhilelo ngoxa wayesekuthinjweni ePatmos, apho kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba abe naba bancedi abafanayo, ukuba kukhona enye. Akumangalisi ke ngoko, ukuba isimbo solwimi asifani.

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Kodwa uninzi lwabaphengululi lusakholelwa ukuba iVangeli kaJohn yayingabhalwanga de ibe emva kwentengiso 90!

NguYohane kuphela umpostile ongazange abulawelwe ukholo, bathinjelwe ePatmos (Umfundisi. 1:9), yaye waphila de wabudala obupheleleyo (Yoh. 21:23-4); ngoko wayenokuyibhala ngokulula ivangeli yakhe emva kwe-AD 90's, ehlala ngoku ithandwa kakhulu ukuthandana phakathi kwabafundi abaninzi.

Iingcebiso zamva nje zokuba oku kufuneka kubhalwe ngaphambili kakhulu (ngaphandle kokungqinelana ngakumbi nobungqina ootata bokuqala kwaye kungekho nakuphi na okubhekiselele ekutshatyalalisweni kwetempile) zisekelwe kubungqina beMisongo yoLwandle Olufileyo. Ezi zingqinisise ukuba iingqikelelo kwivangeli kaYohane ezazikho ngaphambili abahlalutyi abaphezulu ezavela kamva ngokwenene zazikho ngomhla kaYesu.

Buyela isihloko main.

Ukuba uJohn wabhalwa kakhulu ngaphambi kweVangeli yeVangeli iyamangalisa ukuba ayilandela ingxelo kaJohn ngeziganeko…

Ibhalansi yembono, kuquka nobungqina bebandla lokuqala, iseza kubonakala ngathi ingomhla kaYohane emva kweSynoptics. Kodwa ‘ubungangamsha bukaYohane’ ithiyori, isebenza ukukrwelela ubungakanani bobungqina bamva nje obuqinisekise ubume bezi akhawunti.

Nangona kunjalo ababhali beSinopiti bebengayi kumlandela uYohane ngaphandle kokuba bebezama ukwenza ibali. ke, umntu unokulindela ukuba balumke kakhulu ukugcina amabali abo engaguquki. Kodwa, nangona uYohane ebhalwe ngembono eyahluke ngokupheleleyo (kugxininise ngakumbi kwiingxoxo ezithile kunye nobulungisa 7 imimangaliso ekhethiweyo), ukusilela kwamalinge okufihla iiyantlukwano ezicacileyo kubonisa ukuba ubuqhetseba ibingeyonjongo.

Inyaniso, nangona kungekho bungqina bokusebenzisana, ukuphononongwa ngokusondeleyo kokungangqinelani okubonakalayo kudla ngokunceda ekukhanyiseleni imiba engachazwanga yezinye iincwadi zevangeli.. Umzekelo, kwakutheni ukuze abalobi bayishiye ngokukhawuleza iminatha yabo xa uYesu wayebabiza? Ingxelo kaYohane ityhila ukuba esi yayingesosihlandlo sokuqala sokudibana kwabo noYesu.

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Ngokuka-Pefsise Mack, Iileta zikaPaul zasigubungela ixesha le-CE 55 ukuya 85.

Le yimbono yabantu abambalwa kakhulu, kuba uninzi lwabaphengululi (kuquka nenkululeko) umhla wokufa kukaPawulos ngo-AD 62. Kodwa kukho intelekelelo yokuba usenokuba wakhululwa kwaye waya eSpain ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe ukholo; ngaloo ndlela evumela ukuba ezinye zeencwadi zakhe zibhalwe emva kweAD 62. Oku akunanto yakwenza nokuba semthethweni kwamaxwebhu, nangona kunjalo, njengoko oku kuqala i-quibble malunga nokuthandana; hayi ubuqambi.

(N.B. EC (Ixesha eliqhelekileyo) yindlela nje yehlabathi yanamhlanje eyenye yeAD (Ngomnyaka weNkosi, Unyaka weNkosi). Imihla iyafana. Abaninzi abakukhathaleli ukukhunjuzwa ukuba kwa kanye uKristu ebenokucel’ umngeni ukubakho kwembali yakhe usisiseko senkqubo yethu yanamhlanje yokuthandana.)

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Kamva? Kukho umsantsa weminyaka engamashumi amathathu! Ke, kuphela ngengqiqo yokuba ababhali abatyholwayo babesaphila: hayi kwiziganeko abazichazayo.

Kuphela nje 20, kwimeko yeencwadi zikaPawulos. Kodwa ngaba awukwazi ukukhumbula iziganeko ezibalulekileyo ezenzeka ebomini bakho 30 Kwiminyaka eyadlulayo? Ukuba ukhe wadibana nomntu obekufanele ukuba ufile, awunakukwazi ukukhumbula okwenzekileyo? Nokuba unenkumbulo engaqeqeshekanga usenako ukucengceleza, igama eligqibeleleyo, izicengcelezo zasenkulisa owazifunda usengumntwana. Kukangakanani ke kwabo baqeqeshwe kwasebuntwaneni ukuba bagcine iinxalenye ezinkulu zeemfundiso ezingcwele ngentloko?

Sisenokukhumbula iziganeko ezenzeka kudala, kodwa bendinokubuthandabuza kakhulu ubungqina balo naliphi na ingqina elithi likukhumbula ngokuchanileyo oko kwathethwayo 30 Kwiminyaka eyadlulayo; yaye ngokucacileyo ababhali beencwadi zeVangeli abazange bakwazi ukwenjenjalo okanye zonke iingxelo ziyavumelana.

Umahluko kwiakhawunti yenkumbulo kakuhle kakhulu ukwahluka kwiinkcukacha ezibalisayo. Abantu abaninzi ngenene bekuya kuba nzima ukukhumbula ngokuchanekileyo iincoko eziqhelekileyo: kodwa njengoko kubonisiwe ngasentla, nanamhlanje sinokukhumbula ngokulula iinxalenye ezinkulu zemibongo okanye idrama eyafundwa kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo. Inkcubeko kaYesu’ imini yayilungiselelwe ukunkqaya okunjalo, kwanjalo ke noYesu’ isimbo sokufundisa. Ukongezelela koko ubukho beengqokelela ezahlukahlukeneyo zikaYesu’ amazwi, njengomncedisi-memoire, kwaye unengcaciso ebambene ngokupheleleyo yendlela ababhali bevangeli ababenokuthi bazihlanganise ngayo ezabo iingxelo., ukwandisa kunye nokulungiswa kwengxelo ngokuhambelana neenkumbulo zabo zobuqu.

Buyela isihloko main.

I-Encylopaedia Britannica yenza umhla kaMarko kwishumi leminyaka ngaphambi kokutshatyalaliswa kweTempile kunye nabo bonke abanye kamva..

Akukhuselekanga ngokubanzi ukuphatha i-EB njengesikhokelo kwezona meko zakutsha nje zoluvo lwabafundi kwimiba yeengxoxo zembali.. Yenziwa uhlaziyo olukhulu kuphela ngamaxesha amade ngokwentelekiso, kuxa inombolo yohlelo itshintsha. Uhlaziyo lwamanqaku ngamanye, okanye ukufakwa kwamanqaku amatsha, ngesiqhelo yenzeka phakathi kohlelo kuphela apho iqela elibalulekileyo ledatha entsha lifumanekayo. Amanqaku embali awafane atshintshe phakathi kwemiba ngesizathu esicacileyo sokuba ubalo lwembali ludla ngokutshintsha ngokucothayo.

Amacandelo ahlukeneyo ahlaziywa apho kufuneka khona nyaka ngamnye. Jonga isiqwenga esikwimiSongo yoLwandle oluFileyo umzekelo!

Amanqaku akwiMisongo yoLwandle oluFileyo ahlaziywe ngesizathu esilula sokuba isixa esikhulu sezinto ezintsha ziye zavela ekukhanyeni kwixesha elidlulileyo. 20 iminyaka; ingakumbi emva kokuba i-Israel Antiquities Authority ivumile ukubenza bafumaneke ngokubanzi kwihlabathi lezemfundo kwi 1992. Qaphela kwakhona ukuba uphononongo olulandelayo lwenye yale mathiriyeli ibe negalelo elikhulu ekwamkelweni kokuthandana kwangaphambili kweencwadi zevangeli., ngakumbi leyo ye John.

Musa ukubhidaniswa lilungelo lokushicilela okanye ukupapashwa kwikopi ethile ye-EB. Eyangoku, okanye 15th, uhlelo (njenge ye 1997) yapapashwa okokuqala kwi 1974, kwaye akukho nalinye kumacandelo ajongene nokubhalwa kwamaxwebhu e-NT ahlaziyiweyo ukusukela ngoko. Oku kunokuqinisekiswa ngokubhekisa kwi-EB Year Book. Kuba izigqibo ezixelwe apha zimele ujiko lwamva nje kwingcinga yezakwalizwi neyokugxeka, Umahluko phakathi kwale mihla kunye naleyo ixelwe kwi-EB ayothusi kangako.

Umzekelo, elona nqaku linomxholo othi ‘Uncwadi LweBhayibhile’ yabhalwa ngokudibeneyo nguMfu. UKrister Stendahl kunye noEmilie T. Sander. USander wasweleka 1976, okwangunyaka okwabhalwa ngawo incwadi ethi ‘Redating the New Testament’ nguJohn A.T. URobinson wapapashwa okokuqala. URobinson ngokwakhe wayengengomfundisi wezakwalizwi, kodwa umphengululi owaziwayo nenkululeko kunye nengcaphephe yeTestamente Entsha ekwinqanaba eliphezulu. Enye yeencwadi zakhe, ‘Unyanisekile kuThixo’, yabangela isaqhwithi ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-60 ngokubonakala beyigatya ingcamango yesithethe ngoThixo.

Buyela isihloko main.

Ezi ngxelo zimbini zokuzalelwa kukaYesu ziphantse zabonakala ziphikisana kwezinye iindawo. – Kubonakala ngathi? Bayayenza!

Uviwo olusondeleyo lubonisa ukuba i-akhawunti nganye ayiphelelanga ngokwembono yengqina elahlukileyo (Ingxelo kaLuka isenokuba ivela kuMariya kuphela ngoxa ekaMateyu imele ukuba ivela kuYosefu, mhlawumbi ngonyana wakhe, UJames, owaba yinkokeli yebandla laseYerusalem). Zama ukuzithelekisa:

• UMateyu uqala ngokothuka kukaYosefu akuva ukuba uMariya ukhulelwe, kwaye iphupha lakhe liyamqinisekisa. Akakuchazi ukuzalwa okoqobo kwaphela, ngaphandle kokukhankanya ukuba kwakuseBhetelehem, andule ke aqhubeke nebali lokufika kwezazi (emva kwexesha elithile, ngokucacileyo, kuba ngoku abasekho esitalini) kwaye amaphupha abalumkisa noYosefu ukuba basabe kuHerode. Zonke ezi nkcukacha zibonakala zivela kumbono kaYosefu.
• ULuka uqala ngombono kaZekariya (Uyise kaYohane umBhaptizi ukuba abe) etempileni, emva koko uhlabela mgama kukudibana kukaMariya noGabriyeli abathile 3 emva kweenyanga, kulandele utyelelo lwakhe kuElizabhete (umzala wakhe kunye nomama kaJohn). Oku kulandelwa kukuzalwa kukaYohane. Emva koko uLuka uchaza isizathu sokuba uYosefu noMariya baye eBhetelehem, kulandele ukuzalwa notyelelo lwezithunywa kubalusi. Emva koko uchaza iziganeko ezikuYesu’ ulwaluko emva kweveki. Kule meko, zonke iinkcukacha zibonakala zivela kuMariya, lowo asixelela kona, ‘Wazigcina zonke ezi zinto waza wazinyamekela entliziyweni yakhe’ (ULuka 2:19).

Oko konele – buyela kwinqaku eliphambili.

Thanda umsebenzi wokuqikelela.

Abanye, Ewe: kodwa hayi kakhulu. Kuyavunywa ngokubanzi ukuba uYosefu wafa ngaphambi kokuba uYesu aqalise ubulungiseleli bakhe; kodwa nguye kuphela umthombo wolwazi malunga namaphupha akhe, ngoko ke umbuzo, Uxelele bani? Ekubeni uMateyu engenalo naliphi na ibali ngokwembono kaMariya akanguye okhuphisana ngokuyintloko njengalowo wayidluliselayo le ngxelo.. NguYesu’ abazalwana babengamalungu ebandla lokuqala kwaye babenokumva uYosefu ethetha ngezi zinto, ngoko bangabaviwa abacacileyo.

Abanye babona ukubaluleka okukhulu ekushiyweni kwengxelo yeZazi nentshutshiso kaHerode kwivangeli kaLuka.: kodwa ukuba uLuka wayengayivanga loo nxalenye yebali ngewayengazange abhale ngayo. Kwakhona, ubudala babantwana ababulawa nguHerode bubonisa ukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba esi siganeko senzeka emva kokuzalwa kukaYesu..

Inkcubeko yamaxesha ngokubanzi ayinikeli ngqalelo encinci kubomi bokuqala beenkokeli ezinkulu, begxile kwizenzo zabo njengabantu abadala. Akukho bungqina bokuba iingxelo zikaYesu’ ubuntwana babudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimfundiso yecawa yeTestamente eNtsha (bagxininisa kuYesu ovusiweyo, iNkosi eyomeleleyo – c.f. 2 Korinte 5:16), ngoko akumangalisi ukuba uLuka, umntu ongengomYuda, ndandingayiva le nto.

Oko konele – buyela kwinqaku eliphambili.

Ingxaki enkulu kukubandakanywa kweZazi kuMateyu.

Ukuba uthetha, ngokuba babeziiMagean (kuthathwa njengabakhafuli kwi-NT), ke akukho mathandabuzo ukuba oku bekuya kothusa kakhulu umYuda wamaOthodoki: kodwa iyangqinelana noYesu’ umyalezo wokuba ivangeli yayimiselwe ukuchaphazela zonke iintlanga, nangona eqalela kumaYuda.

Uphose inqaku, Ndiyoyika. Uninzi lwamaKristu lufumana umbono wokuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi ngaphandle nje kancinci, ukuthetha kancinci! Ikhonkco elicacileyo likunye neZoroastrianism, kanjalo. (Kodwa ungawaxeleli amaKristu angama-Orthodox – incinci kakhulu iintloni).

Hayi, yeyona ngongoma kanye leyo (ngaphandle kokuba ikhonkco elikhethekileyo kwiZoroastrianism liyaqikelelwa). UMateyu umele ukuba wayeyazi kakuhle imeko yeeMageans ngokwakhe xa wayebhala le ngxelo. Ngoko kwakukho amadoda ohlanga lwasemzini, wayesenza izinto ezicekisekayo kumaYuda (ungawakhathaleli amaKristu). Okwangoku, ekufuneni kwabo inyaniso bakhubeka kwinto ebabangela ukuba beze befuna uKumkani wamaYuda. Bayamfumana, niqubude kuye, aze emva koko akhethe ukuthobela uThixo kunoHerode.

Buyela isihloko main.