Manyuko Ari Seri kweEvhangeri.

Nhanganyaya

Sezvambotaurwa, hapana dzidziso yakapfava yakavakirwa pakukopa evhangeri imwe kubva kune imwe inonyatso tsanangura kufanana kunoonekwa nekusiyana.. Iye zvino tinoenderera mberi tichifunga nezve mukana wekuti maevhangeri ese ari matatu aitora kubva kune ekare kana manyuko. Sepadivi, izvi zvichasanganisira nhaurirano yedzidziso yegwaro rakarasika rinozivikanwa se'Q’ uye inonzi ‘Evhangeri Yemashoko’. Chinangwa cheizvi hachisi chekuedza kugadzirisa mibvunzo yese yakadai: asi kuratidza zvingagumiswa nenzira ine mufungo kubva paufakazi huripo pamusoro pouchokwadi hwezvinyorwa zveevhangeri.

Paiva Nemamwe Manyuko Kunze KweEvhangeri?

Nhanganyaya yaRuka kuevhangeri yake, yambotaurwa, anoratidza pachena kuti kunyange nenguva yaakanyora (63-70 Ad) ‘vakawanda’ maakaundi akasiyana. Izvi zvinonyatso kureva zvinopfuura evhangeri dzaMako, Mateo kana Johane. Asi nepo mamwe evhangeri aripo ayo ari pachena kuti akazobva (mamwe acho anonyanya kufarirwa nevanotsigira 'fringe’ kutenda), hapana makopi asara ekuedza kupi nekupi kwekare.

Zvisinei, nepo pasina magwaro ekare aripo, kuedza kwakawanda kwakaitwa kuti vaone kuti zvaiva mukati mavo zvaiva zvii, zvichibva pakuenzanisa kwezvikamu zvakafanana muevhangeri dzinoenderana.

'Q’ uye Vhangeri reMashoko

Inonyanya kuzivikanwa yeizvi ifungidziro inofungidzira kuti ndima dzinozivikanwa naMateo naRuka, asi kwete Mako, anobva ku a yakarasika sosi inozivikanwa se'Q’. Izvi zvave nemukurumbira zvekuti vazhinji vanotaura sekunge gwaro ririko chaizvo; hazviiti. Anonzi makopi e'Q’ magadzirirwo achangopfuura echinofungidzirwa kuti chinyorwa. Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru kuchengeta mupfungwa; nekuti vatsoropodzi vazhinji vemazuva ano vanotaura 'Q’ sekunge inopa humbowo hwenzira yavanoti evhangeri dzakatorwa kubva kuzvinyorwa zvekare. Asi sezvo 'Q’ yakaitwa pachishandiswa fungidziro dzakafanana, hairatidzi chinhu kunze kwekukwanisa kuti gwaro rakafanana, kana magwaro, aigona iripo uye yakashandiswa senzvimbo.

Zvisinei, zhinji dzeidzi dzidziso dzinoenda kure kupfuura izvo zvinogona kugumiswa zvine mufungo munzvimbo dzekufungidzira kwakachena. Inonyanya kuzivikanwa yeizvi ndiyo inonzi ‘Evhangeri Yemashoko’. Izvi zvinonzi 'original’ Evhangeri iyo yakatorwa nemaitiro ekuwedzera kubva ku'Q’ text, zvichibva pafungidziro dzisina kubvumikiswa uye dzinopokana zvikuru pamusoro pemhando yezvinhu izvo Jesu angadai akaita kana kuti aisazoita uye kutaura.. (E.g. Zvinonzi Jesu haana chero zvishamiso, kana kudzidzisa nezvokumuka kwevakafa, saka ndima dzakadai hadzigoni kuva dzepakutanga, nezvimwewo..)

Vhangeri raTomasi

Rimwe gwaro rinonyanya kufarirwa nenyanzvi, zvisinei, ivhangeri raTomasi, izvo zvinoreva kuti zvine mashoko akavanzika aJesu. Kunyangwe yemazuva ekupedzisira kupfuura evhangeri dzemavhesi, uye sezviri pachena akashatiswa, rinoratidza humbowo hwekuva nekuwana kune kwakabva kwakafanana nezvinofungidzirwa zvinyorwa zvepre-synoptic. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive zvakakosha kune vanoongorora zvinyorwa kunyangwe chokwadi chayo chiri fungidziro. Zvisinei, chiverengero chakati chevatsoropodzi vemazuva ano vakatsvakazve kukwidziridza Thomas kuti ave nechinzvimbo chepamusoro kupfuura zvainodiwa, zvichiita semukuedza kutsvaga imwe nzira yeuchapupu hwezvinyorwa zvinosanganisa.

Ko Magwaro Ekare Akaparadzwa Nemaune?

Kunyangwe tichiziva kuti kwaive nemimwe miunganidzwa yezvirevo uye nyaya dzaJesu dzaitenderera pakanyorwa evhangeri, magwaro aya haasisipo. Kurasikirwa uku kwakabatwa nevanorangana theorists sehumbowo hwe'kucheneswa’ yezvinyorwa zvinopesana nedzidziso yakazotevera: asi izvi hazvisi kunyatsomira pakuongorora kwakadzama.

Kubva pane zvakaitika kare, hapana chinoshamisa pakurasikirwa kwemagwaro aya. Zvinyorwa zvishoma zvenguva ino, zvitsvene kana zvenyika, vakararama kusvikira nhasi. Chinongodiwa chete pakusapona ndechekuti zvizvarwa zvakazotevera zvakanzwa pasina chikonzero chikuru chekuramba vachigadzira makopi. Kusiyana, Kupona kunoshamisa kwemagwaro eTestamente Itsva pasina kupokana kwakakonzerwa nekuremekedzwa kwakanyanya uye kuparadzirwa kwakakura kwavakagamuchira pakati pekereke yechiKristu iri kukura nekukurumidza..

Tsamba zhinji dzeTestamente Itsva dzakatangira evhangeri pachadzo; uye vanotaura pachena kudzidziso dzakatsauka dzakanga dzatotanga kubata mamwe mativi ekereke yokutanga: asi hapana ratidziro yegakava ripi neripi pamusoro pezvinhu zvinokosha zvine chokuita noupenyu, rufu nekumuka kwaJesu. Zvakasiyana chaizvo, saizvozvo; kwaPauro muna 1 Corinthians 15:1-17 (c. 55 Ad) chaizvoizvo anotaura uchapupu hwakanyatsosimbiswa nezvaJesu’ rumuko senharo yake huru mukurwisana navamwe vakanga vachikarakadza kuti kwaisazova norumuko rwavose rwavakafa. Uyezve, nyanzvi dzakaongorora ndima iyi dzakaona kuti Pauro pano anoshandisa matauriro chaiwo avanarabhi achiratidza kuti ari kutora mashoko egamuchidzanwa rakapiwa nokungwarira kubva kare kare..

Makopi iwawo eevhangeri akapukunyuka anopupurira kwazvo mukuparadzirwa kwawo kwakapararira (e.g. chikamu chekutanga cheevhangeri yaJohani, dated between 125 uye 175AD*, yakawanikwa muEgipita). Uyezve, zvizhinji zvezvinozivikanwa pamusoro pezvinyorwa zveapokirifa gare gare zvinonyatsozivikanwa nokuti ndizvo akaita mutsa kukakavara. Dai nhoroondo dzekutanga idzi dzaive nechero kukosha kukereke yekutanga, zvine chokwadi zvikuru kuti vangadai vakapfuura chinyararire kudaro murima guru.

* Zuva rechidimbu ichi rakafungidzirwa pekutanga 100-150 Ad, asi fundo yemazuva ano inokurudzira fungidziro yakangwarira. Maona ‘Dating of the NT Documents'.

Tsanangudzo Iri Nyore

Saka vaive chii, uye nei vasina kurarama? Kure nekumutsa gakava, Kutsoropodza kwaRuka aya magwaro ekare ndeokuti haatauri nhoroondo yakarongeka yezviitiko. Izvi zvinonzwisisika nyore kana tikangofunga nezvemamiriro ezvinhu aJesu’ Ushumiri.

Jesu akapedza makore ake okupedzisira achifamba muIsraeri yose, achidzidzisa mumasinagoge, misha nemhepo yakashama. Sezvakanga zvakaita vadzidzisi vomuzuva rake, zvaakataura zvakanga zvakarongwa nenzira yokuita kuti zvigone kubatwa nomusoro zviri nyore. (Pasinei nekuverenga nekunyora kwakanyanya, nokuti vakomana vechiJudha vakanga vakadzidza, zvokunyorera zvakanga zvishoma uye zvakawanda). Achidzidzisa sezvaaiita munzvimbo zhinji, angadai akataura zvimwe chetezvo, kana zvakafanana, manzwiro panguva dzakawanda, uye iwaya angadai akazivikanwa zvikuru kuvadzidzi vake. Zvisinei, zvingangodaro kuti vamwe vevateereri vake vangadai vakada kuita zvimwe zveizvi kuti zvinyorwe panguva yakare.

Saizvozvowo nenhoroondo dzaJesu’ Hupenyu. Vaapostora vakaona zvakajeka kudana kwavo kukuru kuva kwokupa uchapupu hwavo hwakaona kuna Jesu’ mashoko nezviito (cf. Mabasa 1:21-2). Kunyange zvazvo mumazuva okutanga simbiso yavo yakanga iri pakutaura kupfuura uchapupu hwakanyorwa, zvingangoitawo kuti nhoroondo dzaJesu’ mabasa angadai akachengetedzwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, uye kuti vamwe vanhu vangadai vakaunganidza mipiro yeizvi.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya zvine chokwadi kuti kuunganidzwa kwaJesu’ mashoko, nenhoroondo dzamabasa ake, ingadai yakatenderera mukati mekereke yekutanga, muzvose zviri zviviri kutaura nokunyora, kubva pamazuva ekutanga (c.f. Mabasa 2:42).

Asi Ruka anoisa munwe wake zvakasimba pakukanganisa kwavo uye, nekufungidzira, chikonzero chekunyangarika kwavo: aiwanzova ad hoc muunganidzwa wezvirevo nemishumo kwete maakaundi akarongeka. Dzakanga dziri dzoukoshi kuchechi yapakuvamba seyamuro kundangariro: asi evhangeri padzakangotanga kutenderera dzingadai dzakarasikirwa nebasa radzo uye dzaraswa.

* Imwe inosiyana inhoroondo yakakurumbira yemukadzi akatorwa muupombwe (John 8:2-11). Izvi hazvimo muzvinyorwa zvekutanga zvaJohani; uye chinenge chiri chinyorwa chisingazivikanwe, asi mangwanani, mavambo ayo akazochengetedzwa nokuawedzera kuvhangeri.

Vanyori veEvhangeri Vakashandisa Kwakadaro Here?

Sezvambotaurwa, kufanana kwepedyo pakati pezvizhinji zvezviri mukati meevhangeri nhatu dzokutanga, zvisinei nekufara kuri pachena kwesarudzo, rinokarakadza kuti vaishandisa boka rimwe chete rezvinyorwa zvakanyorwa kana kuti zvokutaurwa segadziriro yezvavanyora.

Sezvo Ruka aive asiri iye wevanegumi nevaviri, zvimwe angadai akakwevera pazvose zviri zviviri ufakazi hwamashoko nehwakanyorwa. Kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nyanzvi dzichipokana nekunyora kwe 2 Timotio, rine chirevo chinofadza (2 Tim 4:13) kune mamwe mabhuku nematehwe Pauro zvaakasiya paTroasi; nzvimbo inozivikanwa kuti Ruka akashanyira Pauro kanenge 2 zviitiko (c.f. Mabasa 16:11 uye 20:6).

Maererano ne chechi yekutanga Madzibaba, Maka (kwete mumwe wavanegumi navaviri, asi nhengo yekereke yekutanga muJerusarema (Mabasa 12:12,25 et. al.) uye gare gare muturikiri waPetro) akavakira evhangeri yake padzidziso dzaitaurwa naPetro.

Hazvizivikanwi kana Mateo akashandisa mamwe manyuko kunze kwendangariro dzake amene: kunyange zvazvo zvichida akadaro. Asi sezvo Petro akagadzwa naJesu pachake kuti atungamirire kereke yekutanga, hazvishamisi kana dzidziso dzaitaurwa kana kuti dzakanyorwa dzakashandiswa sehwaro hwaMateu naRuka dzichiratidza kufanana kwedzidziso dzaPetro., sezvakataurwa naMako.

Mhedziso

Sezvo manyoro ekare ekutaura uye akanyorwa anozivikanwa kuve aripo, zvinoita sezvingangoita kuti vanyori venganonyorwa vangadai vakashandisa izvi semugadziriso weakaundi avo. Mubvunzo wekuti magwaro aya akarongwa sei ichiri nyaya yekufungidzira. Zvisinei, dzidziso dzakakurumbira dzinoti dzakasiyana zvakanyanya kubva muevhangeri dzinopesana neuchapupu hwenhoroondo huripo; uye mutiudze zvakawanda pamusoro pefungidziro dzomunhu oga dzevatsigiri vavo kupfuura chaizvoizvo, Jesu wenhoroondo.

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