Uchapupu hweManyuko eChechi yeKutanga.

Zvinyorwa zveTestamente Itsva zveVanyori.

Kutevera tsika yakajairika yenguva iyoyo, hapana evhangeri inodudza vanyori vadzo. Zvisinei:

a) Nhanganyaya dzaRuka (1:1-4) uye Mabasa (1:1-2), zvakasanganiswa nemanyorero avo, ratidza kuti zvakanyorwa nechinhu chimwe chete, akadzidza zvikuru, munhu. Sumo yeevhangeri inoratidza kuti aiziva nezvekuvapo kwezvimwe zvinyorwa zvaJesu’ Hupenyu, asi aitsvaga kuburitsa account yakarongedzerwa nemazvo kupfuura akamboedza; nepo nhanganyaya yaMabasa ichiratidza kuti izvi zvakanyorwa senhevedzano yevhangeri. Anochinja kubva pamunhu wechitatu kuenda pamunhu wekutanga muzvizhinji (izvo zvinonzi ‘isu’ ndima) muzvikamu zvezvitsauko zveMabasa 16, 20, 21, 27 uye 28 zvinoratidza kuti aive mufambidzani wekufamba naSt. Paul.

b) Evhangeri yaJohani ine kanoverengeka inotaura nezvomudzidzi asina kutaurwa zita ainyanya kudiwa naJesu uye akazembera paari pachirairo chokupedzisira kuti abvunze kuti ndiani Jesu.’ mutengesi. Mudzidzi asina kudomwa zita uyu anoratidzwa muna Johane 21:20-4 sehwaro hwekutanga hwevhangeri. Zviri pachena kuti haasi Petro, uyo anogara achitaurwa nezita: asi tsananguro nezvimwe zviratidzo zvinonyatsoenderana naJohani, uyo asina kudomwa nezita zvakare. Tsamba dzaJohani dzinonzi ndedzemunyori mumwe chete; kunyange zvakadaro haana kurehwa mune chimwe chazvo. Johane anoziviswawo zvakajeka semunyori weZvakazarurwa: kunyangwe izvi zvisina zvinhu zvine chekuita nenhaurirano iripo.

Zviri nyore sei! Textual kuongorora kunoratidza Zvakazarurwa haana rakanyorwa muvambi muvhangeri yaJohani!

c) Pane kupokana kushoma kwedzidzo nezve mazhinji etsamba dzeSt Paul, kunze kweavo kuna Timotio naTito. Ivo vanoratidza chimiro chakasiyana uye zvemukati zvedzidziso uye vanogara vachizivikanwa zvakajeka sebasa rake, pfungwa iyo Pauro anodudza sechinhu chechokwadi mukati 2 Thes 3:17. (Cherechedza kuti Tsamba kuvaHebheru inodaro kwete taura kuti Pauline ndiye munyori.)

d) Zvose 1 uye 2 Petro anotaura zvakajeka vanyori vavo. Izvi zvakapokana nedzimwe nyanzvi, kunyange zvazvo inoramba iri maonero echinyakare. Zvakadaro, kudzivirira nharo dzisina kufanira hadzina kutaurwa munhaurirano iripo.

e) Tsamba yaJudhasi inotaura kuti yakanyorwa naJudhasi, mukoma waJakobho. Zvisinei, inopa uchapupu hushoma hwakananga pamusoro porumuko, saka hazvina kutaurwa munhaurirano iyi.

Humbowo hwemukati hune chekuita nemazuva emagwaro eTestamente Itsva huchakurukurwa zvakasiyana.

Uchapupu hweVanaBaba veChechi yeKutanga.

Polycarp (Ad 69-155)

Polycarp, bhishopi weSmirna, akadzidziswa nomuapostora Johani pachake, uye akapiswa padanda pashure pokunge aramba pachena kusiya kutenda kwake. Tsamba yakanyorerwa kereke yeFiripi (kwete kuvhiringwa netsamba yetestamende itsva yakanyorwa naPauro) ndizvo chete zvinosara pazvinyorwa zvake: asi iye akakosha semabviro evanyori vanotevera.

Papias (Ad 60-140)

Papias aive bhishopi weHierapolis muFrigia, uye munyori ane ruzivo. Manyoro ake anoramba aripo nhasi mumashoko akatorwa kubva kune vamwe vanyori, vakadai saEusebius naIrenaeus. Irenaus anotiudza kuti akanga ari shamwari yaPolycarp uye akanga anzwawo Johane pachake. Eusebius anodudza chimwe chikamu umo Papias anorondedzera kubvunza kwaaizoita munhu wose waaizosangana naye ainyatsoziva nezveVaapostora uye vatungamiriri vechechi vepakutanga.. Eusebius anodudzawo kutaura kunotevera kwaPapias:

‘Maka, akava mududziri waPetro, akanyora zvakarurama zvose zvaakanga achirangarira, pasina zvakadaro kunyora muhurongwa zvakataurwa kana kuitwa naKristu. Nekuti kunyange iye haana kunzwa Ishe, uyewo haana kumutevera; asi pashure, sezvandakataura, (akapinda) Petro, uyo akachinja mirayiridzo yake kuti ienderane nezvinodiwa (yevateereri vake) asi akanga asina hurongwa hwekupa nhoroondo yakabatana yezvirevo zvaIshe. Saka ipapo Mark haana kukanganisa, nepo akanyora saizvozvo zvimwe zvinhu sezvaakazvirangarira; nekuti wakazvisunga kuti arege kusiya chinhu chipi nechipi chaakanzwa, kana kuisamo chirevo chipi nechipi chenhema.’

Papias zvakare akanyorwa achiti:

‘Saka ipapo, Mateo akanyora mashoko acho mumutauro wechiHebheru, uye mumwe nomumwe akazvidudzira paaigona napo.’

Nyanzvi dzinosiyana pamusoro pokuti Papias aireva here kuti Mateo akanyora muchiHebheru, kana kuti muchiAramaic, mutauro wevanhu vechiJudha.

Irenaeus (Ad 120-190)

Irenaus akanga ari mudzidzi waPolycarp, uyo sezvataurwa pamusoro apa akanga ari mudzidzi waJohani pachake. Anonyora izvozvo:

‘Mateo akabudisawo Evhangeri yakanyorwa pakati pavaHebheru mumutauro wavo vamene, apo Petro naPauro vakanga vachiparidza muRoma, uye nekuisa nheyo dzekereke. Mushure mekuenda kwavo, Maka, mudzidzi nomududziri waPetro, akatipawo nezvakanyorwa zvakanga zvaparidzwa naPetro. Rukawo, shamwari yaPauro, yakanyorwa mubhuku Evhangeri yakaparidzwa naye. Mushure, John, mudzidzi waShe, akanga akazendamira pachipfuva chake, akazvibudisa pachake Evhangeri paaigara kuEfeso muAsia.’

Clement weAlexandria (Ad 155-220) anotaurawo nezvaMako:

‘Rini, kuRoma, Petro akanga aparidza shoko pachena uye nomweya akanga aparidza vhangeri, vateereri vakawanda vakakurudzira Mako, uyo akanga amutevera kwenguva refu uye akarangarira zvakanga zvataurwa, kuzvinyora pasi zvose. Izvi akazviita, achiita kuti vhangeri rake riwanike kune vose vairida.’

Pfupiso

Kunyange zvazvo vanyori vevhangeri vasina kutaurwa muTestamente Itsva pachayo, hunhu hwavo hwegamuchidzanwa hunosimbiswa naMadzibaba eChechi Vokutanga. Ava ndivo vane masimba vaiva pedyo, hukama hwakanyatsotsanangurwa nevaapostora nevamwe vaKristu vezera rekutanga uye vakanga vakagadzirira kufira uchapupu hwavo..

Maererano neuchapupu hweaya manyuko ekutanga, Mateo ndiro raive vhangeri reTestamente Itsva rekutanga kunyorwa. Sezvo Irenaus achiti zvakaitwa apo Petro naPauro vakanga vari kuRoma izvi zvinoisa evhangeri pashure pezvizhinji, kana zvisiri zvose, Tsamba dzaPauro (Roma ndiyo nzvimbo yekupedzisira yaPauro).

Maka (anowanzozivikanwa saJohani Mako, mudzidzi anobva kuJerusarema anodudzwa kakawanda muna Mabasa) akanyora nguva pfupi pashure pacho, zvichibva pauchapupu hwaPetro. Ruka akanyora evhangeri yake gare gare, ichiteverwa naMabasa, naJohane ari wokupedzisira wezvapupu zvikuru zvokupedzisira zvorumuko kunyorwa.

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