Nderechokwadi Testamende Itsva.

Vanopikisa chiKristu vanowanzoti zvinyorwa zvechiKristu zvitsvene hazvina kuvimbika. Asi kunzverwa kwoufakazi huripo zvino kunoratidzira zvakapesana. Ufakazi hwouchokwadi hweaya magwaro hukuru zvikuru kupfuura hwechimwe chinyorwa chipi nechipi chinokosha chezera rakafanana. Nharo huru dzakapfupikiswa muchidimbu pazasi. Dzvanya pamalink kuti uwane dzimwe nhaurirano dzakadzama.

1. Chikonzero chekupokana.

Kwemazana emakore akawanda kuvimbika kwemagwaro eTestamente Itsva kwakanga kusingawanzopikiswa. Asi pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 boka revanyori vezvakaitika kare, vanozivikanwa se 'vatsoropodzi vepamusoro', akawana kugamuchirwa kwakapararira mune zvedzidzo. Vakataura kuti magwaro aya akagadziridzwa zvishoma nezvishoma kwenguva inopfuura 100 makore. Zvisinei, zvimwe zvichangobva kuwanikwa zvakaramba dzidziso iyi. Mazuvano, vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanowanzobvuma kuti magwaro aya akanyorwa munguva yakararama Jesu’ vadzidzi vokutanga.

2. Kuvimbika kupfuura zvimwe zvinyorwa zvese zvenguva iyoyo.

Tisati tafunga nezveshoko riri mumagwaro echiKristu, tinofanira kubvunza mumwe mubvunzo. Aya magwaro ikopi yakavimbika yepakutanga here? Vashori vechiKristu vanowanzoti magwaro aya haana kuvimbika. Asi vanhu ava vakarasika zvakanyanya. Pane huwandu hukuru hwehumbowo hwenhoroondo huripo hwekupindura mubvunzo uyu. Inogona kuenzaniswa nouchapupu hunoshandiswa kusimbisa mamwe magwaro ekare. Uye izvi zvinoratidzei? Magwaro echiKristu anovimbika zvikuru kupfuura rimwe bhuku ripi neripi renguva iyoyo. Sir Frederick Kenyon (mutungamiriri uye mukuru mukuru weraibhurari paBritish Museum) akataura izvi:

“… the last foundation for any doubt that the Scriptures have come down to us substantially as they were written has now been removed. Both the authenticity and the general integrity of the books of the New Testament may be regarded as finally established.”

“… hwaro hwokupedzisira hwekusava nechokwadi kupi nokupi hwakabviswa zvino. Magwaro atinawo akafanana zvakanyanya nemagwaro ekutanga. Zvinyorwa zvechiKristu ndezvechokwadi zvenhoroondo artefacts. Shoko ravo harina kuchinjwa. Iko zvino inogona kutorwa sechokwadi chakagadzwa.”

3. Humbowo kubva kumakereke ekutanga.

Ava vaive vanhu vaive neruzivo rwepauzima rwevapostora nedzimwe nhengo dzekutanga dzekereke yekutanga. Vakanga vakagadzirira kufira uchapupu hwavo. Zvinyorwa izvi zvinoratidza kuti tsamba dzakasiyana-siyana dzakanyorwa naPauro ndidzo magwaro ekutanga muTestamende Itsva. ndokubva, Mateo akanyora vhangeri rokutanga. Next, Mako akanyora vhangeri rake. (Akanga ashanda semuturikiri waPetro.) Ruka aiwanzofamba naPauro. Ruka akanyora evhangeri yake gare gare, uye akabva anyora bhuku raMabasa. Vhangeri rekupedzisira rakanyorwa naApostora Johane.

4. Inofungidzirwa mazuva ezvinyorwa zveTestamente Itsva.

Parizvino, nyanzvi zhinji dzinofunga kuti Ruka akanyorwa munenge muna 63-70CE, uye Mako munenge muna 60CE. Vazhinji vavo vanofunga kuti vhangeri raJohane rakanyorwa munenge muna 90CE. Mamwe mabhuku achangoburwa anoratidza misi yapfuura: Mako 50CE, Mateo 55CE, Ruka 59CE, Mabasa 63CE. Dzimwe nyanzvi, akadai J.A.T. Robinson naThiering, zvino ratidza kuti evhangeri yaJohane yakanyorwa pamberi peevhangeri yaMako. Mazuva ese aya anoisa zvakajeka zvinyorwa zveevhangeri mukati mehupenyu hwemaKristu nevamwe vanhu vakazvionera vega hupenyu nehushumiri hwaJesu..

Dzimwe nyanzvi dzakapanikira uchokwadi hwetsamba dzakanyorerwa machechi echiKristu apakuvamba. Asi vatsoropodzi vazhinji vanogamuchira tsamba dzaPauro dzakarongwa pazasi.Vanyori venhoroondo vanowanzobvuma kuti tsamba dzakanyorwa mukati memakore mashoma kubva pamazuva akapihwa pazasi..

51EC – 1 VaTesaronika

52EC – 2 VaTesaronika

53EC – vaGaratia

55EC – 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians

57EC – Varoma

60EC – VaKorose, vaEfeso, Firimoni

61EC – vaFiripi

5. Mabhuku eBhaibheri rechiKristu akasarudzwa sei?

Muzana remakore rokutanga pakanga pasina hurongwa hwekuita ndaza yezvinyorwa zvinozivikanwa zviri pamutemo. Izvi zvakangotanga pakati pezana remakore rechipiri. Panguva ino zvakasiyana-siyana zvemashoko akazotevera zvakanga zvanyorwa. Dzimwe dzaive dzenhema, uye dzimwe dzaiva dzidziso dzenhema. Saka chiito chaidiwa. Pakupera kwezana ramakore rechipiri pakanga pane kubvumirana kukuru pamusoro peaya mabhuku anofanira kutsigirwa. Ndaza iyi yemabhuku yakasimbiswa zviri pamutemo muzana remakore rechina. Mabhuku ose aya akanyorwa nevaKristu vekutanga. Mamwe mabhuku angave emuzana remakore rechipiri, kana kuti uchokwadi husina chokwadi.

6. Vanyori veEvhangeri vakakopana here?

Evhangeri yaJohane yakasiyana zvikuru nedzimwe nhatu. Johane anotaura nyaya nenzira yakasiyana uye haatsananguri zviitiko zvose zvakafanana zvakaitwa nevamwe. Asi Mateo, Mako naRuka vane zvikamu zvakawanda zvakada kufanana kune mumwe nemumwe. Vanyori venhoroondo vanobvuma kuti vanyori vatatu ava vakashandisa mamwe mabviro ezvinyorwa. Asi vane maonero akasiyana pamusoro pemanyorerwo akaitwa mabhuku matatu aya. Imwe pfungwa yaive yekuti Mateo naRuka vakawedzera maonero avo kuevhangeri yaMako. Asi pane kufanana nekusiyana pakati peevhangeri imwe neimwe. Hapana dzidziso yekukopa rimwe vhangeri kubva kune imwe inogona kunyatsotsanangura misiyano yese iyi.

7. Nhoroondo Dzekutanga dzaJesu.

Ruka anobvuma pachena kuvapo kwamanyuko ekare anotaurwa uye akanyorwa. Saka zvimwe ndiMateo, Mako naRuka vakashandisa magwaro aya sehwaro hweevhangeri dzavo. Magwaro ekutanga iwayo haana kuchengetwa. Tinogona kungofungidzira nezvekuti magwaro aya akanga akarongwa sei. Dzimwe dzidziso dzakakurumbira dzinoti dzaidzidzisa zvinhu zvakasiyana chaizvo neevhangeri. Asi mazano aya anopesana neuchapupu hwenhoroondo hunozivikanwa. Aya mazano anotiudza kusarura kwevanhu vakaaita. Dzinotiudza zvishomanene zvikuru pamusoro paJesu chaiyeiye wenhau. (Nyaya ino inokurukurawo ‘Q’, ‘The Gospel of Thomas’ uye ‘The Gospel of Sayings’.)

8. Kana vanyori veEvhangeri vakadudza mamwe manyuko, izvi zvinoita kuti maevhangeri asavimbike?

Vanyori vevhangeri vaizotora here kubva mumishumo yainge yanyorwa nevamwe? Ehe saizvozvo – chero vakagutsikana nekururama kwavo. Vanotenda zvakajeka kuti evhangeri irondedzero yechokwadi uye yakavimbika yehupenyu nehushumiri hwaJesu. Uye kune humbowo hwakawanda hwekuti vanyori veevhangeri vaive neruzivo rwakananga rwechokwadi. Izvi zvinosimbiswa nekuongorora mitauro. Kusiyana kwemagwaro kunoratidza maonero akasiyana enhoroondo dzeakaona. Uye zvinyorwa zvine ruzivo rwakawanda rwenhoroondo uye rwetsika rwakarasika kune vanyori vakazotevera.