N.B. Kaca ieu teu acan gaduh a “Basa Sunda Saderhana” versi. Tarjamahan otomatis dumasar kana téks basa Inggris asli. Éta bisa ngawengku kasalahan signifikan.
Bubuka
Teu kawas maththew, Tandaan sareng Lukas, anu milari ngajelaskeun sadayana Yesus’ kementerian, John's Mith Dokter dina sakeupeul kaédah sareng panggunaan timbul ti aranjeunna.
Salah sahiji hal anu luar biasa ngeunaan akunna mangrupikeun jéntré anu luar biasa sareng anu anjeunna ngémutan paguneman ieu. Éta henteu yén ieu mangrupikeun feed: Dina waktos éta jalma anu ngandelkeun jauh pisan dina memori tibatan ayeuna. Jeung, Bahkan dinten ayeuna aya individu anu nunjukkeun hyperhymesia, atawa “Mémori otot anu punjul,” sakumaha anu dikenal. John, kumaha oge, nempatkeun kamampuan ieu sacara jauh ka janji khusus Yesus:
Abdi parantos nyarios hal ieu ka anjeun, bari tetep hirup sareng anjeun. Tapi pembimbing, sumanget suci, Saha bapa bakal dikirim dina nami kuring, Anjeunna bakal ngajarkeun anjeun sagala hal, and will remind you of all that I said to you. (John 14:25-6)
But there is one major puzzle: John devotes 5 chapters to the conversation Jesus had with his disciples after the Last Supper, and his subsequent prayer for them. But there is one thing he doesn’t mention…
Where is the Lord’s Supper?
John begins his account with the washing of the disciples feet, after supper has ended (Jn 13:2). The other 3 gospels all say that, during this supper, Jesus took bread and wine and shared it with the disciples, commanding them to, ‘Do this in remembrance of me.’ This became a regular custom in the early church (see Lk 24:35; Meunaitna 2:42, 1 Coras 10:16, 11:20; Meunaitna 20:7).
As a leader of the early church, it is inconceivable that John was unaware of this practice, or the significance of Jesus’ words at the last supper. So why doesn’t he mention it? Kuring yakin konci anu aya dina ieu ...
Pandangan John tina salib
John ngagaduhan perspektif anu unik dina panyaliban.
Teras sadayana disiples anu ditinggalkeun anjeunna, sareng fled. (Mt 26:56)
Simon Peter ngiringan Yesus, sakumaha anu sanés supple. Ayeuna anu displas dikenal ku pandita luhur, sareng asup sareng Yesus kana pengadilan imam luhur; tapi Peter nangtung di panto di luar. Janten pemisu sanés, anu dikenal ku pandita luhur, indit sareng nyarios ka dirina anu ngajaga panto, sareng dibawa dina Peter. (John 18:15-16)
Sadaya kenalan, sareng awéwé anu ngiringan anjeunna ti galilee, nangtung di kajauhan, ningali hal ieu. (Bluke 23:49)
Ku sabab nalika Yesus ningal indungna, sareng uncu anu anjeunna dipikacinta nangtung di dinya, Cenah ka indungna, “Awewe, Ningali putra anjeun!” (John 19:26)
John mangrupikeun hiji-hijina murid pikeun nangtung di salib sapertos Yesus maot.
Nalika Yesus disababkeun, sadaya disiples mimitina. Tapi kulawarga John katingalina parantos ngagaduhan konéksi sareng rumah tangga anu paling luhur. (Éta kamungkinan yén ramana mangrupikeun sudagar lauk anu beunghar – tingali mk 1:19-20). Janten anjeunna sareng Peter anu diurus ka palataran imah anu paling luhur. Aranjeunna sigana nyéépkeun wengi di jerusalem.
Dina isuk John tiasa ngahontal cross sorangan. Sesa disiples sareng awéwé ningali ti kajauhan (Lk 23:49), sigana ku sieun ditahan. Kami henteu terang upami Peter aya sareng aranjeunna. Tapi engké dina sababaraha awéwé, kaasup Mary, Masalahna leres kana salib (Awéwé anu dipaliré ku otoritas) sareng tepang sareng john.
Breaking roti mangrupikeun simbol kanggo urang pikeun nginget Yesus’ Pupusna ku: Tapi pikeun John, Memori tina cross sorangan di luar anu sanés.
Naon anu kedahna mah?
Visi John rada teu sapertos urang sorangan
Nalika urang mikir tina salib, Kami ngagaduhan sudut pandang poster:
"Dina salib, di salib, dimana kuring mimiti ningali lampu,
sareng beban manah kuring digulung ... "
Tapi pikeun John, Ieu mangrupikeun musibah pamungkas - moment anu awon dina kahirupan na!
Dina waktos éta teu aya akal pisan.
Injil sacara konsistén nyarioskeun yén, Sanaos Yesus parantos ngaramalkeun maot sareng kabangkitan na, Disiples lengkep gagal. Aranjeunna dianggap Yesus salaku messIach (Kristus). Tapi konsépna mangrupikeun pangiriman kénging anu bakal ngabebaskeun nagara ti penindasan asing.
Cenah ka aranjeunna, “But who do you say that I am?” Simon Peter answered, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.” (Mt 16:15-16)
From that time, Jesus began to show his disciples that he must go to Jerusalem and suffer many things from the elders, chief priests, sareng diukir, and be killed, and the third day be raised up. Peter took him aside, and began to rebuke him, paribasa, “Far be it from you, Gusti! This will never be done to you.” But he turned, and said to Peter, “Bade di tukangeun kuring, Sétan! Anjeun mangrupikeun blok anu stumbling ka kuring, for you are not setting your mind on the things of God, but on the things of men.” Then Jesus said to his disciples, “If anyone desires to come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and follow me. (Mt 16:21-24)
Standing there, John probably recalled some of Jesus’ recent sayings: but still he did not understand…
A little while, and you will not see me. Again a little while, sareng anjeun bakal ningali kuring.” Sababaraha murid-muridna janten nyarios ka anu sanés, “Naon anu anjeunna nyarios ka urang, 'Sakedik, sareng anjeun moal ningali kuring, sareng deui sakedik, Sareng anjeun bakal ningali kuring;’ jeung, 'Kusabab kuring angkat ka bapa?’ ” Aranjeunna nyarios ku kituna, “Naon ieu anjeunna nyarios, 'Sakedik?’ Kami henteu terang naon anu anjeunna nyarios.” (Jn 16:17-18)
Abdi kaluar ti bapa, sareng parantos sumping ka dunya. Deui, Abdi ngantunkeun dunya, sareng angkat ka bapa.” Disiples na nyarios anjeunna, “Tingal, Ayeuna anjeun nyarios, sareng nyarios henteu inohong. Ayeuna urang terang yén anjeun terang sagala hal, sareng henteu peryogi saha waé. Ku ieu kami yakin yén anjeun sumping ti Allah.” Yesus ngajawab aranjeunna, “Naha anjeun percanten? Tingal, waktosna datang, nuhun, sareng ayeuna parantos sumping, yén anjeun bakal sumebar, dulur pikeun tempat sorangan, sareng anjeun bakal ngantunkeun kuring nyalira. (Jn 16:28-32)
Disiples henteu ngarepkeun kebangkatan.
Kahariwang umum di Yesus’ dinten (komo langkung ti kami!) nyaéta jalma anu paéh henteu uih deui kana kahirupan. Henteu aya anu kantos diangkat kembangan ngalangkungan agénsi nabi anu kuat. Yesus parantos diangkat 3 jalma: Tapi upami anjeunna maot, Kumaha carana lalaki paéh ngumpulkeun dirina?
Ka pamikiran Yahudi, Mese anu maot mangrupikeun kekerasan palsu. (Lantaran kitu cobi dibuktikeun tina dua murid dina jalan emmaus, Sanaos aranjeunna parantos nguping carita awéwé (Lk 24:17-24).)
Teuing neken
Kaseueuran naon john karasa sareng ningali teuing neken.
Kanyeri
Anjeunna henteu ngobrol ngeunaan kuku atanapi kasiksa di Yesus’ nyanghareupan. Tapi ieu sigana sanés cuci munggaran anu anjeunna hoyong ningali: and he had no idea that Jesus was actually suffering all of this for him.
“Bapa, forgive them”
Do you suppose that John felt like forgiving them?
“This day you’ll be with me in Paradise”
Nice words. But he’d spent years listening to nice words. And now it had come to this…
"Ya Allah, My God, why have you forsaken me?”
The words might have reminded him of the crucifixion prophecy of Psalm 22 and resonated with the incident regarding the robe. But the despair and agony in Jesus’ voice would have been the ultimate downer. “Jesus, I’d hoped you knew what you were doing: but now it seems you don’t.”
Tiny glimmers of light
In the midst of all this darkness, Aya sababaraha hal anu ngangkut perhatian - glimmers cahaya dina gelap na; Padahal anjeunna sigana henteu terang naon anu aranjeunna dimaksud…
Jubah éta
Naha John ningali prajurit ngoyak Yesus’ baju sareng perhatikeun kumaha aranjeunna ngintunkeun jubah sareng tuang seueur pikeun éta? Lamun kitu, Éta kedah nyerang anjeunna salaku biasa, sareng panginten rig mémori samentawis dina waktos? Naon hartosna?
Aranjeunna ngabagi baju kuring diantara aranjeunna. Aranjeunna tuang seueur kanggo pakean kuring. (Psalm 22:18)
Anjeunna ningali Yesus’ paduli indungna
Ku sabab nalika Yesus ningal indungna, sareng uncu anu anjeunna dipikacinta nangtung di dinya, Cenah ka indungna, “Awewe, Ningali putra anjeun!” Teras saur anjeunna ka murid, “Tingal, indung anjeun!” Ti jam éta, Iklan nyandak anjeunna ka bumi sorangan. (John 19:26-27)
Di tengah-tengahna kabiasaan fisik, sareng bajoang sanajan hirup, Yesus prihatin pikeun parasaan sareng kabutuhan indungna. John melong anjeunna sareng ningali nyeri anu teu pikaresepeun dina panonna. Jeung, aya kaunggulan, saolah-olah anjeunna sok dikenal (Lk 2:34-35). Yesus’ jaga sareng tampa haté anjeunna tina kaayaan dirina - anjeunna henteu kantos nolak atanapi hilap pelajaran éta.
Anjeunna ningali Yesus minuhan prophecy.
Saatos ieu, Yesus, Ningali yén sagala hal ayeuna réngsé, yén naskah anu tiasa dicatet, cisa, “Abdi haus.” Ayeuna kapal pinuh ku cuka didieu di dinya; Janten aranjeunna nempatkeun bolu pinuh ku cuka dina hyssop, sareng diayakeun dina sungutna. (Jn 19:28-29)
Ieu kedah ngagaduhan john. Peuting sateuacana anjeunna nguping jesus henteu nginum anggur deui, 'Dugi ka kuring nginum anu anyar, sareng anjeun, di Karajaan Gusti.’ Témal, prajuritna parantos ngagantelkeun anjeunna sareng cuka anggur asem ieu: Janten naha anjeunna ayeuna nyarioskeun aranjeunna anjeunna haus? Naha John teras émut kecap-kecap psalmist, "Ku haus kuring aranjeunna masihan cuka pikeun nginum." (Ps 69:21)? Abdi henteu terang: but the impression stuck with him. Right to the very end, Jesus was determined to do every last thing that the Father wanted.
He heard Jesus’ declaration of accomplishment.
When he had received the drink, Saur Yesus, “It is finished.” Kalayan éta, he bowed his head and gave up his spirit. (Jn 19:30)
Jesus would probably have spoken in Hebrew or Aramaic; but the Greek word used to translate Jesus’ final utterance is ‘tetelestai,’ which describes a creative work fully completed or a debt paid in full. This was not a cry of defeat: but a proclamation of victory; though at the time, John had no idea how this could be.
He saw prophecy fulfilled again
Therefore the Jews, because it was the Preparation Day, so that the bodies wouldn’t remain on the cross on the Sabbath (for that Sabbath was a special one), tanya tumpukan yén suku aranjeunna tiasa rusak, sareng aranjeunna tiasa dicandak. Ku sabab prajurit sumping, sareng ngejat suku mimiti, sareng anu sanés anu dimaksud sareng anjeunna; Tapi nalika aranjeunna sumping ka Yesus, sareng ningali yén anjeunna parantos maot, Aranjeunna henteu ngarobih sukuna. Nanging salah sahiji prajurit anu ditebak samping sareng tumbak, sareng langsung getih sareng cai kaluar. Anjeunna anu parantos katingal, sareng kasaksian na leres. Anjeunna terang yén anjeunna nyarioskeun kaleresan, yén anjeun tiasa percanten. Pikeun hal ieu kajantenan, yén naskah anu tiasa dicatet, “Tulang anjeunna moal ngejat.” Kitu deui kecap silaturahik anu sanés, “Aranjeunna bakal ningali anjeunna saha aranjeunna ditindik.” (Jn 19:31-37)
Naha ngalaman prajurit nalika sumping pikeun ngejat Yesus’ sukuna sareng kapilih nganggo tumbak-Na? Naha John émut prodhecies dina waktosna? Lamun kitu, how come they were continuing to be fulfilled even after Jesus’ pupus?
Prophetically, avoiding the breaking of Jesus’ bones reflects both Psalm 34:20 and the command in Ex 12:46 and Num 9:10 that no bones of the Passover lamb must ever be broken. But why did Jesus have to be pierced with a spear, not just the nails? It is because the word translated ‘pierced’ in Zechariah 12:10 is very specific: it is only used in the Bible to describe a sword or spear thrust delivered with lethal intent.
On the natural level, this strange observation of blood and water flooding from Jesus’ side provides medical authentication of John’s account and also proves that he was dead. Following his flogging, it is likely that Jesus was suffering from hypovolemic shock, caused by loss of body fluids. This results in a sustained rapid heartbeat that also causes fluid to gather in the sack around the heart and around the lungs, known as pericardial and pleural effusion. The slow asphyxiation caused by crucifixion also contributes to this. To release both blood and water in this way, it must have been a lethal blow, even if Jesus had not been already dead. And the fact that they appeared as distinct streams indicates that the blood was already coagulating.
Symbolically, what might it have meant to him? Outpoured blood, quite naturally, makes us think of death: but water we associate with life; and Jesus had foretold the coming gift of ‘living water.’ So here again was a glimmer of hope, if John could but see it.
Tapi, at the time, it was an utterly perplexing mess
But how did John see it afterwards?
Although John doesn’t describe Jesus’ remarks about the bread and wine at the Last Supper, he actually devotes more space to this subject than any other gospel. He does so by recalling Jesus’ earlier discourses in which he had spoken on this subject. At the time, John hadn’t understood: but now he did.
After feeding the 5,000 (John 6:25-71).
The people wanted food: Jesus wanted faith
Yesus ngajawab aranjeunna, “Pasti kuring nyarioskeun ka anjeun, anjeun milarian abdi, lain sabab anjeun nempo tanda, tapi ku sabab geus ngadahar roti, sarta dieusi. Ulah dianggo pikeun kadaharan nu perishes, tapi pikeun kadaharan anu tetep nepi ka hirup langgeng, anu bakal dipaparinkeun ku Putra Manusa ka aranjeun. Pikeun Allah Rama geus disegel anjeunna.”
Kitu ceuk maranehna ka manehna, “Naon anu urang kedah laksanakeun, supaya urang bisa ngalakonan karya Allah?” Yesus ngajawab aranjeunna, “Ieu karya Allah, sing percaya ka Anjeunna anu geus diutus.”
Kitu ceuk maranehna ka manehna, “Naon anu anjeun lakukeun kanggo tanda, anu urang tingali, sareng percanten anjeun? Naon padamelan anu anjeun laksanakeun? Bapa urang tuang manna di gurun. Sakumaha anu ditulis, 'Anjeunna masihan roti kaluar tina surga pikeun tuang.’ ” Jesus janten nyarios ka aranjeunna, “Paling pasti, Abdi ngawartosan anjeun, Éta henteu moses anu masihan anjeun roti kaluar tina surga, Tapi bapak kuring masihan anjeun roti leres tina surga. Pikeun roti Allah mangrupikeun anu turun tina surga, sareng masihan kahirupan ka dunya.”
Kitu ceuk maranehna ka manehna, “Gusti, Salawasna pasihkeun roti ieu.” (Jan 6:26-34)
Aranjeunna hoyong katuangan fisik: Anjeunna nawiskeun tuangeun spiritual – Dirina
Saur Yesus ka aranjeunna, “Abdi mangrupikeun roti. Anjeunna anu sumping ka kuring moal lapar, sareng anjeunna anu percanten ka kuring moal haus. (Jan 6:35)
Perhatikeun: datang ka Yesus bakal nyugemakeun lapar anjeun: nempatkeun iman anjeun dina anjeunna bakal nyugemakeun haus anjeun.
“Paling pasti, Abdi ngawartosan anjeun, Anjeunna anu percanten ka kuring ngagaduhan kahirupan langgeng. Abdi mangrupikeun roti. Bapa anjeun tuang manna di gurun, sareng aranjeunna maot. Ieu roti anu turun tina surga, yén saha waé tuang éta sareng henteu maot. Abdi roti hirup anu turun tina surga. Upami aya anu tuang roti ieu, anjeunna bakal hirup salamina. Nuhun, roti anu kuring bakal masihan pikeun kahirupan dunya mangrupikeun daging kuring.”
Urang Yahudi sahingga ditujukeun, paribasa, “Kumaha lalaki ieu tiasa masihan aranjeunna daging tuangeun?”
Jesus janten nyarios ka aranjeunna, “Pasti kuring nyarioskeun ka anjeun, Kacuali anjeun tuang daging lalaki lalaki sareng nginum getih na, Anjeun henteu ngagaduhan kahirupan dina diri anjeun. Anjeunna anu tuang daging sareng nginum getih kuring ngagaduhan kahirupan langgeng, Sareng kuring bakal ngangkat anjeunna dina dinten terakhir. Pikeun daging kuring mangrupikeun tuangeun, sareng getih kuring nginum. Anjeunna anu tuang daging kuring sareng nginum getih kuring hirup di kuring, sareng abdi di anjeunna. Salaku bapak anu ngintun kuring, Sareng kuring cicing kusabab bapa; Janten anjeunna anu nyusahkeun kuring, anjeunna ogé bakal hirup kusabab kuring. Ieu roti anu turun tina surga-henteu sapertos bapa urang tuang manna, sareng maot. Anjeunna anu tuang roti ieu bakal hirup salamina.” (Jan 6:47-58)
Pikeun diskusi deui ngeunaan petikan ieu, tingali postingan, ‘Roti sapopoé.’
Kumaha Jesus cicing kusabab bapa?
Samentawis éta, Disiples ngadesek anjeunna, paribasa, “Rabi, Dahar.” Tapi saur anjeunna, “Abdi ngagaduhan tuangeun tuangeun anu anjeun henteu terang.”
Disiples ku kituna nyarios hiji ka anu sanés, “Boga saha waé anu mawa anjeunna tuang?” Saur Yesus ka aranjeunna, “Dahareun abdi nyaéta ngalakukeun wasiat anu kuring ngintunkeun kuring, sareng pikeun ngalaksanakeun karyana.” (Jn 4:31-34)
Oray di gurun
Yesus ngajawab, “Pasti kuring nyarioskeun ka anjeun, Kacuali saurang lahir cai sareng sumanget, anjeunna henteu tiasa asup kana karajaan Allah! Anu ngalahirkeun daging mangrupikeun daging. Anu dilahirkeun sumanget mangrupikeun sumanget.” (Jan 3:5-6)
“Teu aya anu dieusian kana surga, Tapi anjeunna anu turun tina surga, putra lalaki, Saha di surga. Nalika Musa angkat épent di gurun, Sanaos janten putra lalaki diangkat, anu saha waé anu henteu percanten ka anjeunna henteu kedah, Tapi gaduh kahirupan Abadi.” (Jan 3:13-15)
"Anjeunna anu asalna ti luhur di luhur sadayana. Anjeunna anu ti bumi milik bumi, sareng nyarios Bumi. Anjeunna anu sumping ti surga di luhur sadayana. Naon anu anjeunna parantos ningali sareng nguping, éta anjeunna nguji; sareng teu aya anu nampi saksi. Anjeunna anu nampi saksi na parantos nyetél segel na, yén Allah leres.” (Jan 3:31-33)
Wisas
Nalika Yesus parantos nyarios kieu, Anjeunna ngaganggu sumanget, sareng diuji, “Paling pasti kuring nyarioskeun yén salah sahiji anjeun bakal ngahianat kuring.”
Disiples katingali hiji, bingung ngeunaan saha anjeunna nyarios. Salah sahiji muridna, Saha Yesus dipikacinta, éta dina méja, condong ngalawan Yesus’ pinareup. Simon Peter janten beckoned ka anjeunna, sareng saur anjeunna, “Ngabejaan ka saha saha anu anjeunna nyarios.” Anjeunna, condong deui, Salaku anjeunna, Dina Yesus’ pinareup, naros ka anjeunna, “Gusti, saha éta?”
Yesus janten diwaler, “Éta anjeunna anu kuring bakal masihan potongan roti ieu nalika kuring parantos dicelup.” Janten nalika anjeunna ngintip sapotong roti, Anjeunna masihan ka Angka, putra Simon iscariot. Saatos potongan roti, teras syarat asup ka anjeunna. Teras Jesus nyarios ka anjeunna, “Naon anu anjeun lakukeun, Ngalakukeun gancang.” Ayeuna teu aya lalaki di tabél terang naha anjeunna nyarios ieu ka anjeunna. Pikeun sababaraha pamikiran, Kusabab Seveas ngagaduhan kotak artos, yén Yesus nyarios ka anjeunna, “Mésér naon hal anu urang butuhkeun pikeun salametan,” atanapi anu anjeunna kedah masihan hal anu miskin. Ku sabab eta, Sanggeus nampi yén Morsel, Anjeunna angkat langsung. Éta wengi. (Jan 13:21-30)
Dupi anjeun angkat atanapi nuturkeun?
Ku sabab seueur murid na, Nalika aranjeunna nguping ieu, cisa, “Ieu mangrupikeun paribasa! Saha anu tiasa ngadangukeun?” Tapi Yesus anu terang dina dirina yén disiples na dipusur di ieu, ceuk aranjeunna, “Naha ieu nyababkeun anjeun titajong? Teras kumaha upami anjeun bakal ningali putrana lalaki naék ka tempat anjeunna sateuacan? Éta mangrupikeun sumanget anu masihan kahirupan. Dagingna. Kecap anu kuring nyarios ka anjeun sumanget, sareng kahirupan.” (Jan 6:60-63)
... Dina ieu, seueur disiples na balik, sareng leumpang henteu deui sareng anjeunna. Yesus nyarios ka dua belas, “Anjeun teu ogé hoyong angkat, naha anjeun?” Simon Peter ngajawab anjeunna, “Gusti, Ka saha urang angkat? Anjeun gaduh kecap hirup langgeng. Kami parantos percanten sareng terang yén anjeun Kristus, the Son of the living God.” (Jan 6:66-69)
Henteu ngartos?
No.
Éta aranjeunna siap nuturkeun?
Nuhun
Penciptaan halaman ku Kevin Raja
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