弟子たちはなぜ驚いたのか?

It is often alleged that the disciples, having been told by Jesus of his impending resurrection, simply could not accept that this could really be the end; and so deluded themselves into believing that Jesus was still alive. しかしながら, this is at odds with the New Testament evidence, as discussed below.

弟子たちは復活を期待していませんでした.

ある) 福音書は一貫して次のように伝えています。, although Jesus had predicted his death and resurrection, the disciples completely failed to understand what he was saying and didn’t believe the news when they heard it (例えば. 山 16:21-3, 17:22-3, 20:17; マーク 16:11,13,14; ルク 24:11,25; ジョン 2:19, 16:16-32, 20:2,25).

b) The disciples had regarded Jesus as the Messiah (キリスト) ジョン 1:49, ジョン 6:69, 山 16:16 [マーク 8:27, ルク 9:20], ジョン 11:27, ルク 24:21. The problem was that, as with Jews in general up to the present day, their concept of the Messiah was as a victorious deliverer who would free his country from foreign oppression. ユダヤ人の考え方に, a dead Messiah was no Messiah at all. イエス’ death had dashed their expectations and proved them wrong. したがって、エマオの道で二人の弟子が明らかに幻滅したのは明らかである。, 彼らはすでに女性の話を聞いていたにもかかわらず、 (ルク 24:17-24).

c) Although there are a few resurrection miracles recorded in the Old Testament, the general apprehension in Jesus’ 日, as much as in ours, 死んだ人は生き返らないということだった. 特に, even though Jesus had raised two dead people himself, no-one had ever been raised except through the agency of a mighty prophet – and their prophet was dead: none had ever raised themselves.

d) The women’s concern was that they hadn’t had time to give Jesus a decent burial (the body had not been removed from the cross till the evening, 前述したように). They had spent their time over the weekend preparing spices so that they could finish the job when the Sabbath was over (マーク 16:1, ルク 23:56-24:1).

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A non-physical resurrection would have been easier for them to accept than a physical one.

ある) Although traditional Jewish thought tended to regard spirit, soul and body as an integrated whole, and the Sadducees denied any possibility of a separate spiritual existence or of any resurrection, the Pharisees, with whom Jesus sided on this issue, acknowledged that the spirit survived after death. The Old Testament includes an account of a confrontation between King Saul and the spirit of Samuel (1 Sam 28:11-9). This belief is also reflected in Jesus’ parable of Dives and Lazarus (ルク 16:19-31). Other examples could also be cited.

b) More significantly the gospels indicate that the disciples’ own thoughts tended naturally to this type of interpretation. We can see this in the account of Jesus walking on the water; where the first assumption they are stated to have made was that they were seeing a spirit (山 14:26 [マーク 6:49, ルク 24:37]). 同様に, we have the account of the transfiguration, where Jesus is seen conversing with Moses and Elijah (山 17:3 [マーク 9:4, ルク 9:30]). (The point to note here is that, irrespective of what you make of the miraculous events described, they still give us an insight into the way they thought.)

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