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He aha ia?

ʻO kaʻeuanelio a Thomas kahi palapala pōkole kūpono loa, ka hoʻohuiʻana i nā ‘ʻO nā'ōlelo huna e'ōlelo aiʻo Iesū aʻo Iesū e'ōlelo nei a me Dyymos Servas Thomas Record'. ʻOiai aia kekahi mau'ōlelo e pili ana i nā mea maʻamau e pili ana iā Matthew lāuaʻo Luke, Ua hoʻopiliʻia ia me nāʻanoʻano'ē aʻe e hōʻike ana e hoʻopiʻiʻia e ka hui splirian splitterian.

Wale no 3 Ola ke ola. ʻElua mau keke, kākauʻia ma Greek, ua loaʻa ma oxyrhynchus, ʻAikupita, e pili ana 100 mau makahiki i hala. ʻO ka hua'ōlelo piha wale nō i loaʻa ma NAG Hammadi, ʻAikupita, i loko 1945 a he unuhi coptic, uaʻikeʻia ma waena o kahi hale o nā kākau inoaʻo Gnostic.

Ke ana

ʻO ka nohoʻana o ka tommas he nui loa a me nā manaʻo aʻo. ʻO nā lāʻo Nag Hammadi 340 Kāleʻa. Nā'āpana o ka oxyrhynchus 140 Kāleʻa, ma mua paha. He nui o nā haʻawina e manaʻoʻiʻo ai i ka mea o ka mea kākau inoaʻo 1.

ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo e kuhikuhi iā James i kahi kūlana wale nō i keʻano o ka hana o nā mea nona nā meaʻaʻole ia e hoʻonuiʻia (Eʻike ma lalo nei), nā mea ikaika loa e loaʻaʻole ai ka lā mua kekahi manawa ma hope iho James’ make ma 62 Kāleʻa (CF Ka cf. Josephus, 'Antiquitities', 20.9.1). Ma ka hoʻohālikelike, aia iā mākou hōʻike maikaʻi Ua hoʻopau kokeʻia kēlā hana mamua, Oole Ma hope iho kēia lā; a luke, ʻO Mark a me nā palapala kākau a Paulo ua manaʻoʻia ma mua. Na ia, Ma ke kumu o ka nohoʻana, ʻO ka hōʻike hou i loaʻa i ka koi mua.

ʻAno kūpono

ʻO kēlā me kēia lā maoli, ʻO ka hoʻopiʻi e lilo i hana o nā 'hanaʻana i ka quymos satas thomas’ ʻaʻole maopopo. No ka, ʻOiaiʻo John e pili pū ana i nā 'Thomas, Kāheaʻiaʻo Ameymus ', ʻO ka mālamaʻana o kēia mau mea e like me keʻano o ka poʻe i makemakeʻia i kēia mau mea kākau inoaʻole o Aramaic; No 'dyymus’ ʻo ia wale nō kahi mea hele Helene, 'Thomas’ (o ke kumu, 'Ka twin').

Kekahi poe (ʻaʻoleʻepekema, nui!) ʻO ka hoʻopiʻiʻana he kumu maikaʻiʻo Thomas ma mua o nā Gospels, E like me ka moekolohe. Akā ke hōʻike nei kēia, aʻaʻole e haʻalele nāʻoiaʻiʻo.

Aiaʻo Thomas i nā'ōlelo e likeʻole eʻikeʻoleʻia i kekahi o nā mea e'ōlelo ai. ʻOiai kekahi o kēia mau mea e hiki ai i nā'ōlelo maoli maiʻo Iesū, Ua maopopo loa nā poʻe'ē aʻe ma hope. ʻo kahi laʻana:

12) Wahi a na haumana ia Iesu, “ʻIke mākou e haʻaleleʻoe iā mākou. ʻO wai ko mākou alakaʻi?” 'Lelo mailaʻo Iesū iā lākou, “ʻAʻole kahi mea āu e hele ai e hele i James i keʻano, no ka mea,ʻo kāna laniʻo Whoor, a me ka honua i loko i.”

James ka mea hoʻokahi wale nō o Iesū’ kaikaina. Akā ke haʻi mai nei nā Godpels iā mākou i loko o Iesū’ 'lohananihana Alnerl, ʻAʻole manaʻoʻiʻo kona mau hoahānau iā ia (John 7:5, Mahalahi 3:21). Ma hope wale nō i kāna ala hou i hana ai lākou i ka hale pule (Hana 1:14), a me nā james e hui pū ai i ka kaulana, hope loa e lilo i kaʻelemakule alakaʻi o ka hale pule ma Ierusalema (Hana 12:17, 15:12 a 21:18). ʻAʻole ia a hiki, makahiki NA MEA Iesu’ make, ua loaʻa iā ia ka inoa inoa 'ʻo ia wale nō’ Ma ka moʻolelo o ka mea maikaʻi e hoʻopaʻa aiʻo ia i ka hakakāʻana i ka Christian, ʻO nā makemake a me nā mea aloha. No laila, hoʻokaʻawaleʻia mai ka maikaʻi o nā james i ke kumu o ka hana, ʻAʻole maopopo loa kēia'ōlelo.

Hiki nō paha ke nānā aku i ka neʻeʻana o ka wikiwiki o Thomas ma ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana i nā kumu i ola nei. E nānā i kēia'ōlelo mai ka'ōlelo ma hopeʻo Nag Hammadi:

“'Mailaʻo Iesū0: ʻO ka mea eʻimiʻole e hōʻole i kaʻimi a hiki i ka loaʻaʻana; a i kona loaʻaʻana, e weliweliʻiaʻo ia (ma ia iho); a i ka wa e weliweli ai ia, E kahahaʻo ia, a e alii hoʻi ma luna o ka poʻe āpau.”

ʻO ka'ōlelo maʻaneʻi he gnostic loa i loko o ka tone, i loko o kona hoʻohanaʻana i ka hua'ōlelo, 'The'. Eia naʻe, ʻO ka mea nui o ka poʻe Oxyrhyncus:

“('Sayslelo maiʻo Iesū:) E ike ia(ks) ʻaʻole e pau (eʻimi a hiki) loaʻa iā ia; a i kona loaʻaʻana ('ia ia) E Astounded, a i ole (Astoun)DED, e noho anaʻo ia; He mamo nei(Loaʻa), 'ia ia (NāʻOihana)st.”

'Na a pau’ ua maopopo ia kahi hoʻohui hou a me ka hōʻike e hoʻololi ai, 'E hoʻomahaʻo ia” ke hoʻomanaʻoʻana o ka nani 11:28, “E hele mai iaʻu i nā mea āpau a pau a kaumaha a kaumaha wau a hāʻawi wau iāʻoe e hoʻomaha”. ʻO ka hapa mua o ka'ōlelo e like me ka like me ka matthew 7:7-8 a luke 11:9-10, “E noi a e hāʻawiʻia iāʻoe; eʻimi a loaʻa iāʻoe; e weheʻia a weheʻia ka puka iāʻoe. No nā mea āpau e noi ai; ʻO ka meaʻimi eʻimi nei … (etc.)”. Eia naʻe, ʻOiai ma ka mea kūʻai aku ma mua, ka manaʻo o ka pīhoihoi (hope ma hope) E like me ka hanaʻana i ke ala e noho ai ke ala e noho aiʻo Akin i ka manaʻo o ka rnostic i manaʻoʻia ma mua o nā aʻoʻana o Iesū.

No laila, mamao loa mai ka manaʻo o thomas he kumu kumu kumu, Hōʻike ka hōʻike hōʻike e pili ana i ka'ōlelo ma lalo o ka holomua holomua.

Nā haʻawina kūpono

ʻOiai nā mea iʻikeʻia, ʻO Thomasʻo ia ka waiwai maoli i nā haʻawina no ka mea e like me keʻano e like me ke kumu e like me ka mea i hoʻohanaʻia e nā mea kākau. Kahi e pili ai nā kikokikona i nā hua'ōlelo, Hiki i kēia ke hāʻawi i nā clues e like me ka'ōlelo mua o ka Aramai mua, E like me ka'ōlelo a Iesu. Hōʻike kaʻike kiko'ī i kekahi mau hua'ōlelo e hāʻawi paha i kahiʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka Aramaiticʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā Gospels: ʻOiai ma nā hihia'ē aʻe, ʻIkeʻia kaʻikeʻana o ka mea eʻoluʻolu.

Maopopo, He mea makemake nui ia eʻimi i ka mea kūpono loa e hiki ai ke hāʻawi aku iā Iesū’ Nā hua'ōlelo'Āina. Eia naʻe, Pono e mālama mauʻia ia mau manaʻo i kēlāʻokoʻa o kēiaʻano, aʻaʻohe hopena nui ma luna o ka leka holoʻokoʻa ma mua o ka hanaʻana i nā mea i heluheluʻia e nā mea i unuhiʻia o kēia lā.

Nā'ōlelo nīnau nīnau

Eia naʻe, Ua ho'āʻo kekahi poʻe loea i ka hoʻohanaʻana iā Thomas e like me ka hōʻike hōʻike’ e kākoʻo i kaʻepekema aʻelua a me nā Gospels e hoʻoponoponoʻia mai kahi ma mua 'Euanelio i nā'ōlelo’ i manaʻoʻia e loaʻa i ka 'ʻoiaʻiʻo’ Wahi a Iesu. Ka manaʻo o kahi 'q’ ʻO ke kumu no nā Synoptic Gospels e kūkākūkāʻia ma kahi'ē aʻe. He aha ka mea e noʻonoʻo ai maʻaneʻi e noʻonoʻo ai i ka nui o nā thomas e kākoʻo maoli i kahi manaʻo.

Ua koiʻia he mea kokoke ia 30% ka hoʻoponoponoʻana ma waena o nā'ōlelo i loaʻa i loko o Thomas a me nā mea ma Matthew lāuaʻo Luke; Aʻo kēlā'ōlelo mai ua loaʻaʻia eʻekolu mai kaʻeuanelio o nā'ōlelo a pau. Ināʻikeʻia kēia mau'ōlelo e hele mai mai kahi palapala hoʻokahi, he hopena kūpono paha kēia. Eia naʻe:

• ʻO ka 'euanelio o nā'ōlelo’ he kumu maikaʻi maikaʻi loa: ʻAʻohe mea hōʻike paʻakikī i loaʻa iā ia.
• ʻO Thomas kahi mamao loa ma mua o ka heleʻana o ka Evalio; Aʻo kēia kiʻi 30% a KA WAHINE: aole o ke ala e ae a puni. ʻAʻole like me nā mea nui loa i nā mea a nā Gospels.
• ʻO ka hoʻoponoponoʻana ma waena o nā palapala e hana ai he mea kūpono ia i kekahiʻano maʻamau ma waena o ko lākou mau kumu. ʻAʻole ia e haʻi iā mākou pehea e hele mai ai kēlā maʻamau. ʻO kēia mau'ōlelo hei E hele mai mai kahi kumu maʻamau (ʻO Iesu nō); Pela, ʻOiai inā he nui nā moʻolelo, ʻO kahi nui o nā mea maʻamau e manaʻoʻia. A, E like me ka mea ma mua, ʻO Luke e hoʻomaikaʻi i keʻano o ka mea i kākau inoaʻoleʻia, Akā he nui.
• ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hoʻoponopono maoli ma mua o kēia mau'ōlelo aʻoaʻo. E like me kekahi mau mea like: Ua like nā mea'ē aʻe i nā'ōlelo i loaʻa i nā hua'ōlelo. Akāʻaʻohe mea kūponoʻole i ka hoʻoponoponoʻana i ke kauoha o ka hōʻike.
• I ka nānāʻana o luna, ʻO ka hapa nui o nā Sticars eʻaeʻia, ʻO nā mea waiwai e loaʻa ai ka mea kākau o ka mea kākau o Thomas paha i hoʻohanaʻia, ua ___ ia ʻaʻole ka like me ka mea i hoʻohanaʻia e ka mea kākau'ōlelo.
• ʻO ka mea hoʻokipa hou i hanaʻia e kekahi mau'ōlelo aʻo o kēia manaʻo, ʻO ka inoa kekahi'ōlelo i loaʻa i ka Matthew lāuaʻo Luke, akā,ʻaʻole Thomas, ʻaʻole ia he'ōlelo maoliʻo Iesū, oe maikaʻi loa. Ma kahi hea, He kūpono ia e hoʻopau ai i nā hanana o ka mea like iʻelua aʻoi aku paha o nā Gospels, akā,ʻaʻole Thomas, Ke kānalua wale nei nā kānalua i ka manaʻoʻole i kākoʻoʻoleʻia e lākou i unuhiʻia mai kahi palapala kumu hoʻokahi.

E nānāʻaʻole kēia e'ōlelo i kēlā, I waena o nā palapala'ē aʻe e hana ai i nā mea liʻiliʻi, ʻO kahi palapala e like me Q a iʻole ka Euanelio i hiki ke loaʻa i nā'ōlelo'ōleloʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa a hoʻohanaʻia e like me ke kumu: he mea paha. Akā he hypothesis, hoʻomohalaʻia ma ke kumu o nā mea like ma waena o kēia mau palapala, ʻaʻole hiki ke mālamaʻia e like me keʻano heʻoiaʻiʻo ia, e komo ana i ka mea hoʻohana e hoʻokuʻu i nā paukuʻole a pauʻole e like me ka mea i loko. ʻO keʻano he hoʻopaʻapaʻa nui loa ia ma kona kumu.

Hopena

I ka hōʻuluʻuluʻana, ʻO Thomas kahi palapala hoihoi hoihoi o ka waiwai nui i nā mea kākau inoa. Akā, Mai ka mea liʻiliʻi ma ke ala o ke kiʻiʻana i kaʻike, ʻaʻole maopopo i ka mea e'ōlelo ai e lilo a ua loaʻa i ka moekolohe, ʻAʻole ia he waiwai maikaʻiʻole. ʻO kāna kumu i manaʻoʻia he kumu nui e pili ana i ka heluʻana ma luna o nā Gospels, No laila he mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i ka hōʻoia e hiki ai iā ia ke hilinaʻi i kēia mau mea. No laila, ʻAʻohe hoʻopaʻapaʻa kūpono kūpono no ka cheing thomas e like me nā kumu no ka hōʻoleʻana i kekahi mea mai nā gospels.

Hoʻi i ka ʻatikala nui.