Corroboration mai 'ole-Karistiano Sources

E ʻoluʻolu e hoʻomaopopo! Hāʻawi kēiaʻaoʻao i kahi kiko'ī pōkole o kaʻikeʻike. Kaomi i nā loulou i hoʻolakoʻia no nā kiko'ī hou aku. ʻO kēia mau mea e hōʻoia ai i ka hōʻoia o ka hōʻoia a me nā hua'ōlelo piha.

1. He aha kā mākou e manaʻo ai e loaʻa?

E hoʻomanaʻo e nānā mākou i kēia manawa i nā kumuwaiwai non-Christian. He aha keʻano o nā hōʻike mōʻaukala? E'ōlelo anaʻo Iesūʻo Iesū, a iʻoleʻo ia e kū ana mai ka mea make? ʻAʻole maopopo! ʻAʻole makemake nā Kristiano. Ua kū'ēʻiaʻo ia, Roma a me nā manaʻo Helene. No laila, manaʻo mākou e liloʻole nā ​​mea kākau'ōlelo Pelekane.

He nui nā hua'ōlelo huna huna e ola ai mai ka manawa o Iesū. No laila, pono mākou e hilinaʻi i nā kumuwaiwai mai kahi pōkole ma hope o Iesū. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau leka e kamaʻilio e pili ana iā Iesu. He liʻiliʻi wale nō. Akāʻo ka helu o lākou e like me ka mea i manaʻoʻia. A me nā mea a lākou i'ōlelo ai he mea kūponoʻole.

ʻO Tacitus lāuaʻo Joseususʻelua o ka maikaʻi loa. Hoʻomaopopoʻia nāʻatikala e like me kaʻoiaʻiʻo. ʻIkeʻia nā mea kākauʻelua e nānā pono i kā lākou mauʻike.

I ka wā i hala aku nei he mau kumu'ē aʻe. Ua kūkākūkāʻia ko lākou mau manaʻo ma hope o nā mea kākau Christian. Akā ua nalowale nā'ōlelo kumu mua.

Ua kūkākūkā iki kēia mau mea āpau i lalo. E kūkākūkā pū mākou i kekahi mau mea hou a me nā kumuwaiwai Iudaio.

2. Tiki.

ʻO Tacitus kahi mea kākau'ōlelo Roman a me ka'ōlelo hoʻolaha lehulehu e noho ana mai 55-120ce. Uaʻikeʻiaʻo ia ma kahi o nā mea aloha maikaʻi loa o kēlā era. Ua kamaʻilioʻo ia e pili ana i ke ahi o Roma ma 64ce. A laila'ōleloʻo ia i kēia:

“Consequently, to get rid of the report, Nero fastened the guilt and inflicted the most exquisite tortures on a class hated for their abominations, called Christians by the populace. Christus, from whom the name had its origin, suffered the extreme penalty during the reign of Tiberius at the hands of one of our procurators, Pontius Pilatus, and a most mischievous superstition, thus checked for the moment, again broke out not only in Judaea, the first source of the evil, but even in Rome, where all things hideous and shameful from every part of the world find their centre and become popular.” (Annals 15.44.)

“Makemakeʻo Nero e noho mālie i kēia kamaʻilio. No laila ua hoʻopiʻiʻo ia i kahi hui i kapaʻia “Na KONLI”. Ua kauohaʻo ia iā lākou e hōʻehaʻia. Ua hoʻowahāwahā nā kānaka i nā Kristiano ma muli o kā lākou hanaʻinoʻana. Mai ko lākou inoa mai ka 'Kristo.’ Ua pepehiʻia kēia kanaka i ka wā o ke aliʻi o Tiberius. Ua kauohaʻia kēia e ka mantiuss i, ke kia'āina. Ua ho'ōki ka Subtsuctive Superstsive no ka manawa: Akā ua hoʻomaka hou. Akā,ʻaʻole ia e hoʻomaka mua ma Iuda. I kēia manawa ma Roma. Nui nā hana weliweli loa i nā hana a puni ka honua i loko o kēia kūlanakauhale. A lilo lākou i kaulana.”

3. Flavinus josebus.

Ua hānauʻiaʻo Flavinus Joseph ma 37CE. Ua hele maiʻo ia mai kahiʻohana Iudaio. Ua wānanaʻo ia ua liloʻo Vepsasian e lilo i mea emepera o Roma. No laila makemakeʻo ia e like me ke keiki kāne o Vepsasian a ua kapaʻiaʻo FLAVUs. I loko o kāna mau puke āna e hoʻomaopopo ai i ka james ka mea nānaʻoe’ kaikuaʻana, kaikaina. Ua kamaʻilio pūʻo ia e pili ana iā Ioane Bapetite. Akāʻo ka mea kaulana loa ka “Testimonium Flavianum“ (Hōʻikeʻike iā Flavius). Ua'ōlelo kēia iā Iesū iā ia iho. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kula eʻae i kekahi mau'āpana o kēiaʻatikala ua hoʻoponoponoʻia e kahi meaʻike Kristiano. Akā hiki iā mākou ke hoʻopau piha i nā'āpana kānalua. Aneane pololei nā mea āpau a nā kula i kākauʻia e ke koena i koe e Josepus. A e heluhelu nei ia penei:

“At this time there was Jesus, a wise man. For he was one who performed (surprising / wonderful) works, and a teacher of people who received the (truth / unusual) with pleasure. He stirred up both many Jews and many Greeks. And when Pilate condemned him to the cross, since he was accused by the leading men among us, those who had loved him from the first did not desist. And until now the tribe of Christians, so named from him, is not extinct.”

“I kēia manawa aia nōʻo Iesū. He kanaka akamaiʻo ia. Ua kahahaʻo ia i nā mea kahaha. Ua aʻo akuʻo ia i keʻano o ka mea makemake i nā manaʻo hou. Ua hōʻikeʻo Iesū i nā Iudaio he nui a me nā greeks. JUSMEDED JEEDEMENDE e make ai ma ke kea. ʻO kēia no ke koiʻiaʻana iā ia e ko mākou mau alakaʻi. Akāʻo ka poʻe i aloha iā ia mai ka mea muaʻaʻole i oki. A hiki i kaʻohana a Naronia, kapaʻia ma hope ona, ʻaʻole i pau.”

4. Ua laweʻia nā'ōlelo kiko'ī mai nā puke nalowale.

Nā alakaʻi Kristiano i nā makahikiʻelua a me nā kenekuliaʻekolu i kapaʻia he mau mākua. Pinepine lākou i ka'ōleloʻana mai nā kākau mua. Akā ua nalowale kekahi mau kākau mua. No laila uaʻike wale mākou i nā'ōlelo a nā'ōlelo e haʻi mai iā mākou. Nā hiʻohiʻona:

• He leka i kākauʻia e Justin Martyr a hoʻounaʻia i ka antonius antoniu. E pili anaʻo ia i ka moʻo'ōlelo o 'Potantislelo' a me nā hana a Posius. Ua'ōleloʻo ia ua hōʻoiaʻia kēia palapala i hana i nā hana mana. A ua maopopo iā ia pehea e make aiʻo Iesū.
• Aia kekahi mea hoʻolaha i kapaʻia ‘Hualult'. Ua nohoʻo ia ma ka makahiki mua. I ka make o Iesu, Uaʻeleʻele ka lani. 'Thalanus’ Ua hoʻopiʻiʻia he mea elakaʻo ia. Hōʻikeʻo Julius Africanus i kēia manaʻo. Akāʻo Julius wehewehe i ke kumu he hewa ia.
• Pllegon he mea kahiko i noho ma ka lua o ke kenekulia. Ua hoʻomaopopoʻo Julius Africanus iā ia. ʻO ka hoʻomana kiʻi iā ia e hōʻike ana iā ia. Ke wehewehe neiʻo Phlegon i kahi pouli kūpono a me kahi'ōpiopio nui. Ua hōʻikeʻo Phleson i ka wānana i wānanaʻo Iesū i nā hanana e hiki mai ana.

5. ʻO nā kumuwaiwai mua o Graeco-Roma.

ʻO kaʻoliʻoli ke hele nei i ka bythinia ma 112ce. Ua kākauʻo ia i kahi leka i ka Emperor Trajan. Loaʻa iā mākou kahi kope piha o ka leka o Pliny. Loaʻa iā mākou ka pane a Emperor. Ke hoʻomau nei nā Karistiano. Ua makeʻo Pliny i kekahi o lākou. Ua noiʻo ia: “Inā hōʻole kekahi kanaka iā Iesu – he aha kaʻu e hana ai?” Nui nā poʻe i lilo i Kristiano. No laila ke hopohopo neiʻo ia.

Luciani he mea kākau ma Satrical mai Samosata. I ke 170ceʻo ia i kākau ai e pili ana i kahi kanaka i kapaʻiaʻo Pegrinusus. ʻO Peregrinunus kahi mea hoʻopunipuni. No ka manawa lōʻihi ua hoʻohālikelikeʻo ia he Karistiano. Ua hilinaʻi nā Karistiano a me ka lokomaikaʻi. Ua maikaʻiʻo ia: No laila ua liloʻo ia i waiwai ma ko lākou uku. “He kolohe kēia poʻe, Oe E nana. Ua maopopo iā lākou iho e ola mau lākou. Ua wehewehe kēia i ko lākou hoʻowahāwahāʻana o ka make. A pinepine lākou e kaumaha iā lākou iho no kekahi. … mai ka manawa mai lākou i hoʻohuliʻia ', E hōʻole lākou i nā akua o Greece, Hāʻawi lākou i ka hoʻomana e hoʻomana i ka 'naʻauao’ i ke kea, a ola e like me kāna mau kauoha, He mau kaikuaana āpau lākou.”

6. Nā Palapala RobbiniC.

Ua kākauʻo Jewish Rabbis i kekahi mau'ōlelo hōʻino maikaʻi loa e pili ana iā Iesū. Ua hoʻonāukiukiʻia nā Kristiano. ʻIke mākou ua nalowale kekahi helu o kēia mau'ōlelo. Akā uaʻae ka hapa nui o nā kumu kula i kekahi mau'ōlelo kahiko loa. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka poʻe Kristiano a me nā scholars scholars eʻike i kēia:

• Kahi wehewehe o ka hoʻokōʻana iā Iesū. (', B.San. 43A.) Ua kākauʻia i loko o ka manawa Tannaitic. (70-200C Ce).
• He kamaʻilioʻana ma waena o kahi haumāna o Iesū a me kahi keiki kāne Iudaio, (60-95C Ce). (', Abosah Zarah 165, 17A.)/('Tosefta', Hulien 2.24.) Kākauʻia ma ka manawa Tannaitic.
• I kekahi manawaʻaʻole e'ōlelo nā kānaka iā Iesū’ inoa. Ma kahi o lākou e'ōlelo ai i nā mea like me kēia: "ʻO ke kanaka kūikawā ke keiki kāneʻole i ke keiki kāneʻole o ka moekolohe." ('Mishna', Oubamat 4.13.) Ua hānauʻia ka mea unuhi i ka 100ce.
• Ua weheweheʻiaʻo Iesū i kekahi manawa “Iesu, ke keiki a Pantera“. (Wahi a kekahi 'Pantera’ ʻO ka inoa o ke kupuna kāne. 'Saylelo aku nā poʻe'ē iā' Pantera’ he koa roman. Hōʻike kekahi i kaʻakaʻaka e pili ana iā Iesū’ ʻO ka hānauʻana.) ʻO kekahi moʻolelo e haʻi aku i kahi rabbi i kapaʻia e ka nahesa. Wahi a ke kāne hiki iā ia ke ho'ōla i ka Rabi. Akā hiki iā ia ke hana ma ka inoa o Iesū. (', Abosah Zahr 27b. I loaʻa pū 4 nā wahi'ē aʻe.) Pono kēia ma mua o 132ce.

7. ʻIke e hiki ke hōʻoiaʻia.

Hoʻokomoʻia nā'ōlelo Kalikimaka i nā moʻolelo nui, nāʻikepili moʻomeheu a me nāʻike kūloko. E nā kūlana 150 i loko o kaʻIseraʻela. ʻAʻoleʻike ka hapa nui o nā Kristiano e pili ana i nā kūlana i ka manawa o Iesū. No laila hiki iā mākou ke nānā i ka hōʻoia o kaʻike. Ua kūkā mākou i kēia.

Hopena

Ua wehewehe mākou i nā mea kākau'ōleloʻoleʻole. ʻO ia ka mea a mākou e loaʻa ai.

Akā, hōʻoia kēia mau mea kākau i nāʻike nui. ʻO Josephus lāuaʻo Tacitusʻelua o nā moʻolelo maikaʻi loa. Loaʻa iā mākou nā mea kākau'ē aʻe-Christian-Christian mai ka makahiki mua a me ka lua. Ua hōʻoia lākou a pau i nāʻike nui e pili ana i ke ola a me ka make o Iesū. Ua haʻi lākou iā mākou i nā inoa o kāna mau'ōlelo e noʻonoʻo ai. Ua kamaʻilio lākou e pili ana i ka Ekalesia a Iesū i hoʻomaka ai. Ua hoʻopiʻiʻiaʻo ka Rabish Rabbis iāʻoeʻo Sorcery. Keʻae nei lākou i nā hana mana i hanaʻiaʻo Iesū.

Kahi mea'ē aʻe kekahi mea'ē aʻe mai kēia mau mea kākau ma hope. No nā kenekulia he nui, Iesu’ ʻaʻole e hōʻole nāʻenemi i nāʻike mōʻaukala. Ua weheweheʻia nā Gowpels ma kahi a i kona wā i hānau ai a makeʻo Iesū a make. 'Lelo lākou ua make nā luna aupuni i ka mea i pepehiʻia i ke kanaka halaʻole. Ua haʻi lākou iā mākou i nā inoa o ka poʻe i kuleana. Iesu’ ʻaʻole e hōʻole nāʻenemi i kēia mau mea. ', 'Lelo lākou he mea hopohopoʻo Iesū. Pela o Iesu’ E noʻonoʻo i ka manaʻoʻiʻo he kanaka maoliʻo Iesū? Maopopo, hana lākou.

Ua haʻi pinepineʻia nā mea kākau moʻolelo non-Christian. ʻO kēia ka mea a mākou i manaʻo ai. Akā ua lawa. 'Lelo lākou i keʻano o nā mea a mākou e manaʻo nei e'ōlelo iā lākou e'ōlelo. Mai lākou mai nā kumu kūpono. A ua hōʻoia lākou i ka mōʻaukala o Iesū ma mua o kekahi kānalua kūpono. E ho'āʻo e hōʻole i ka mōʻaukala o Iesū. ʻIkeʻia kēlā mau'ōlelo aʻo i ke kākoʻo liʻiliʻi ma waena o nā mea mōʻaukala.