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Tikuyang'ana Chiyani?

Kodi ndi umboni wotani wa mbiri yakale wa uthenga wachikristu umene tiyenera kuyembekezera kupeza kuchokera ku magwero osakhala achikristu??

Sitingawapeze akunena kuti Yesu anali Mesiya, kapena kuti adauka kwa akufa. Izi zikhoza kumveka bwino: koma n’zodabwitsa kuti kangati munthu amamva anthu ena anzeru kwambiri akunena kuti zinthu zimenezi siziyenera kukhulupirira, chifukwa anthu okhawo amene amanena zimenezi ndi Akhristu!

Chikhulupiriro chachikristu chinali chosemphana kwambiri ndi zikhulupiriro zovomerezeka za Ayuda, Gulu la Aroma ndi Agiriki. Ayuda ankanena kuti Yesu ankachita zozizwitsa pogwiritsa ntchito matsenga (c.f. Luka 11:14-5). Aroma ankaona Akristu kukhala ‘osakhulupirira Mulungu’, chifukwa anakana milungu yawo ndi umulungu wa Mfumu. Choncho, tiyenera kuyembekezera kuti maumboni oterowo amene alipo m’magwero osakhala Achikristu kukhala onyoza. Monga momwe tidzaonera pambuyo pake pa nkhani ya Testimonium Flavianum, chilichonse chomwe sichiyenera kuchitidwa mosamala.

Kuchepa kwa Magwero Adziko.

Mwatsoka, sitingayembekeze kupeza zitsimikiziro zamasiku ano za Chipangano Chatsopano, monga zolembedwa zadziko zoŵerengeka zochokera m’nthaŵi ino zakhalapo kufikira lerolino. Pamenepo, alipo ochepa kotero kuti titha kupereka mndandanda wathunthu wawo m'mizere yochepa chabe:

• Philo, amene ankakhala ku Iguputo ndipo anamwalira 40 AD, inagogomezera kwambiri nzeru za anthu ndi unansi wa chikhalidwe cha Ayuda ndi Agiriki.
• Pali gawo la mbiri yakale ya Roma yolembedwa ndi Velleius Paterculus, dated 30 AD.
• Pali mawu olembedwa kuchokera ku Kaisareya okhala ndi magawo awiri mwa atatu a dzina la Pilato, atakhala pakati 30 ndi 40 AD.
• Pali nthano zina zolembedwa ndi Phaedrus zomwe zidalembedwa 40-50 AD.
• Kuchokera ku 50's ndi 60's pali zinthu zochepa chabe, zambiri zinalembedwa ndi anthu a ku Spain amene ankakhala ku Roma.

Kupatula izi zilipo:

• Ndakatulo ya Lucan, Mphwake wa Seneca, pa nkhondo pakati pa Julius Caesar ndi Pompey.
• Buku lonena za ulimi ndi Columella.
• Zidutswa za buku "Satyricon", ndi Gayo Petronicus.
• Mizere mazana angapo kuchokera kwa satirist, Chiperisi.
• Mbiri Yachilengedwe,’ (mbiri yachilengedwe) ndi Mkulu Pliny.
• Zidutswa za Ndemanga za Cicero lolemba Asconius Pedianus.
• Mbiri ya Alexander the Great wolemba Quintus Curtius.
• Zolemba zosiyanasiyana za Seneca.

Za izi, awiri okha akanatha kulemba chirichonse, Philo ndi Seneca.

• Philo anali wokhala ku Alexandria ku Egypt; koma mwina akanamva za Yesu ndi otsatira ake. Iye mwiniyo anali Myuda, ndipo chidwi chake ndi zinthu zachiyuda. Iye akulemba mozama za ziphunzitso za Aesene. Koma kwa Ayuda ambiri a m’nthawi yake (kuphatikizapo St Paul, asanatembenuke!) Anazarene anali kagulu kampatuko; ndipo mwina akanawanyalanyaza chifukwa cha zimenezi.
• Seneca ikanakhalanso zotheka: koma Chikhristu chinali kungoyamba kumene ku Roma chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 50 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 60.; ndipo sanakhale wotchuka kufikira chizunzo cha Nero 64 AD. Seneca anali muvuto lalikulu ndi Nero mwiniwake (anadzipha mu 65 AD); choncho n’zokayikitsa kuti akanakumana ndi mavuto ena pokhudza nkhani yovuta ngati imeneyi, makamaka ngati anali ndi chifundo kwa Akristu.

Magwero ena analipo, monga Thallus ndi Phlegon, pakuti amatchulidwa m’zolembedwa za Abambo a mpingo woyamba, koma kuyambira pamenepo atayika. Izi zidzakambidwa pakapita nthawi, limodzi ndi zolembedwa zina zapambuyo pake zochokera ku magwero akudziko ndi Achiyuda.

Nanga bwanji za Jiberi ya Tiberia?

Zotsatira zake, Timakakamizidwa kudalira magwero a tsiku lochepa.

Zovuta bwanji!

koma, ngakhale palibe zambiri zotsimikizira zakunja za mbiri yakale ya Yesu, zomwe zilipo ndi za mtundu ndendende ndi nambala yomwe iyenera kuyembekezeredwa. Tacitus ndi Josephus, Mwachitsanzo, perekani mtundu wa umboni womwe tingayembekezere. Ngakhale si magwero okha omwe ali pakati pa zabwino kwambiri, popeza onse awiri amatsimikiziridwa bwino ndipo ali ndi mbiri yofufuza mosamala.

Back nkhani yaikulu.