Umboni wa Sources Early Church.

Chipangano Chatsopano Chimachitika kwa Olemba.

Kutsatira nthawi yayitali, palibe aliyense wa Mauthenga Abwino amatchula mawu awo olemba awo. Komabe:

a) Zoyambira kwa Luka (1:1-4) ndi Machitidwe (1:1-2), kuphatikiza ndi masitaelo awo olemba, onetsani izi kuti zilembedwe chimodzimodzi, ophunzitsidwa kwambiri, munthu. Kuyambika kwa uthenga wabwino kumawonetsa kuti amazindikira kuti kulinso mbiri ya Yesu’ moyo, koma anali kufunafuna kuwonetsa akaunti yovomerezeka yovomerezeka kuposa kuyesedwa kale; Pomwe mawu oyamba a Machitidwe akuwonetsa izi zidalembedwa ngati njira yotsatira. Masinthidwe ochokera kwa munthu wachitatu kwa munthu woyamba (otchedwa 'ife’ ndime) M'magawo a Matesitanti 16, 20, 21, 27 ndi 28 akuwonetsa kuti anali mnzake woyenda wa ST. Paulo.

b) John’s gospel contains a number of references to an unnamed disciple who was particularly loved by Jesus and who leant against him at the last supper to ask the identity of Jesus’ wopereka. This unnamed disciple is identified in John 21:20-4 as the primary source for the gospel. It is clearly not Peter, who is frequently mentioned by name: but the description and other clues fit well with John, who is not explicitly named either. The epistles of John are attributed to the same author; though again he is not named in any of them. John is also explicitly identified as the author of Revelation: though this does not contain material relevant to the present discussion.

How convenient! Kusanthula malemba kumasonyeza kuti Chibvumbulutso sichinalembedwe ndi mlembi wa Uthenga Wabwino wa Yohane!

m'ma) Pali mikangano yaying'ono yamaphunziro pafupifupi mapepala a ST Paul, kupatula omwe Timoteo ndi Tito. Amawonetsa mawonekedwe osiyana ndi ziphunzitso ndipo nthawi zonse amadziwika kuti ndi ntchito yake, mfundo ya Paulo imasinthiratu ngati gawo lotsimikizika mkati 2 Ass 3:17. (Zindikirani kuti Egistoreyo kwa Ahebri imachita osati ness to la Pauline wolemba.)

d) Onse 1 ndi 2 Petro amafotokoza momveka bwino kuti. Izi zatsutsidwa ndi ophunzira ena, Ngakhale amakhalabe ndi mawonekedwe achikhalidwe. Komabe, kupewa mikangano yosafunikira yomwe sakutchulidwa pokambirana.

e) Mkulu wa Yudeyo akunena kuti udalembedwa ndi Yuda, m'bale wake wa James. Komabe, imapereka umboni wocheperako zokhudzana ndi chiukiriro, Chifukwa chake sichikutchulidwa.

Umboni wamkati wokhudzana ndi chibwenzi cha Chipangano Chatsopano chidzafotokozedwa mosiyana.

Umboni wa Abambo Oyambirira a Tchalitchi.

Polycarp (AD 69-155)

Polycarp, Bishop of Smiyna, adaphunzitsidwa ndi mtumwi Yohane, ndipo adawotchedwa pamtengo atakana pokananso chikhulupiriro chake. Kalata Yolembedwa ku Tchalitchi ku Philippi (Osati kuti musasokonezedwe ndi kalata ya NT yolembedwa ndi Paul) Kodi zonse zomwe zimapulumuka zomwe adalemba: Koma ndiye wofunikira monga gwero la olemba awa.

Papias (AD 60-140)

Papis anali bishopu wa Herrapolis ku Frugia, ndi wolemba. Zolemba Zake Lino Likhala Lili Lokha Lakuchokera kwa Olemba Ena, monga Eusebius ndi Irenaeus. Irenaus akutiuza kuti anali mnzake wa Polycarp ndipo anali atamvanso John. Eusebius amatchula gawo limodzi lomwe Papias limafotokoza momwe angakankhire wina aliyense yemwe adakumana ndi atumwi oyamba ndi atumwi ndi atsogoleri oyamba. Eusebius amatchulanso mawu otsatirawa ndi Papias:

'Maliko, Popeza watanthauzira Peter, adalemba zonse zomwe adakumbukira, Popanda kujambula zomwe zanenedwa kapena kuchitidwa ndi Khristu. Chifukwa sanamve Ambuye, Komanso sanamutsatire; koma pambuyo pake, Monga ndidanenera, (opezekapo) Petro, omwe adasintha malangizo ake ku zosowa (za omvera ake) koma osapanga kapangidwe ka nkhani yolumikiza ya Oracles a Ambuye. Ndiye kuti malo salakwitsa, Pomwe adalemba zinthu zina pamene adawakumbukira; chifukwa iye anaipanga iye kuti asamusiye chilichonse chomwe anamva, kapena kupereka mawu aliwonse abodza.’

Papias amalembedwanso:

'Ndiye, Mateyo adalemba mawu pachilankhulo cha Chihebri, Ndipo aliyense amawatanthauzira iwo monga momwe angathere.’

Akatswiri amasiyana kuti kaya ndi Papias amatanthauza kuti Mateyo adalemba m'Chihebri, kapena mu aramaic, Chifuno cha chivundikiro cha anthu achiyuda.

Irenaeus (AD 120-190)

Irenaus anali wophunzira wa Polycarp, amene atchulidwa pamwambapa anali wophunzira wa Yohane yekha. Amalemba:

'Mateyu adaperekanso uthenga wabwino pakati pa Ahebri M'mawa wawo, Pomwe Petro ndi Paulo anali kulalikira ku Roma, ndikuyika maziko a mpingo. Atachoka, Mark, Wophunzira ndi Womasulira wa Peter, naperekanso kwa ife polemba zomwe zinachitika. Luke Komanso, mnzake wa Paulo, zolembedwa m'buku uthenga wabwino womwe iye analalikira kwa iye. Pambuyo pake, John, Wophunzira wa Ambuye, Ndani anali atatsamira pachifuwa chake, Adalengeza kuti uthenga wake ukhale ku Efeso ku Asia.’

Clement of Alexandria (AD 155-220) amanenanso za chizindikiro:

'Liti, ku Roma, Petro anali atalalikira Mawu ndipo mwa Mzimu anali atalengeza uthenga wabwino, Omvera wamkulu analimbikitsa Mark, amene adamtsata iye kwa nthawi yayitali ndikukumbukira zomwe zidanenedwa, kulemba zonse. Anatero, Kupanga uthenga wake kuti upezeke kwa onse amene amafuna.’

Chidule

Ngakhale olemba uthenga wabwino sanatchulidwe mu Chipangano Chatsopano, Zolemba zawo zachikhalidwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi Abambo Oyambirira a Tchalitchi. Awa ndi olamulira omwe adayandikira, Malumikizidwe ofotokozedwa bwino kwa atumwi ndi Akhristu ena oyambilira ndipo anali okonzeka kufera umboni wawo.

Malinga ndi umboni wa izi zoyambirira, Matthew was the first New Testament gospel written. Since Irenaus says it was done while Peter and Paul were at Rome this places the gospels after most, ngati si onse, the Epistles of Paul (Rome being Paul’s final destination).

Mark (generally identified as John Mark, a disciple from Jerusalem who is mentioned several times in Acts) wrote shortly afterwards, based upon the testimony of Peter. Luka analemba uthenga wake, followed by Acts, with John being the last of the last major witnesses to the resurrection to be recorded.

Back nkhani yaikulu.