Ekuqinisekiseni kusukela Non-Christian Imithombo – Izizathu nezimpendulo
N.B. Leli khasi akusho okwamanje “Esenziwe Lula isiZulu” version.
ukuhumushwa okuzenzakalelayo zisekelwe embhalweni wokuqala IsiZulu. Bona ingafaka amaphutha abalulekile.
Kuthiwani ngoJustu waseTiberiya?
UJustu wayeyisazi-mlando esingumJuda sangekhulu lokuqala. Igama lakhe aliveli ohlwini lwemithombo engase ibe khona ngenxa yokuthi awekho amakhophi asekhona omsebenzi wakhe. Nokho, Photius, Umbhishobhi wekhulu le-9 waseConstantinople, usitshela ukuthi akazange akhulume ngoJesu. Lesi sitatimende sivame ukuhlanekezelwa ngokucaphuna kuphela uhhafu womusho futhi bethi bekuyinkulumo ‘yokumangala’ ohlangothini lukaPhotius: kepha, njengoba umbhalo ogcwele ubonisa, akuyona into yalolu hlobo.
“Ngiye ngafunda ukulandelana kwezikhathi kukaJustu waseTiberiya, isihloko sikabani lesi, [I-Chronology of] amakhosi akwaJuda alandelana. Lokhu [Justus] waphuma emzini waseTiberiya eGalile. Uqala umlando wakhe kusukela kuMose, futhi kayikuqedi kuze kube sekufeni kukaAgripha, eyesikhombisa [umbusi] womndeni kaHerode, nenkosi yokugcina yamaJuda; owathatha uhulumeni ngaphansi kukaKlawudiyu, yayinezelwa ngaphansi kukaNero, futhi kunwetshwe okwengeziwe nguVespasian. Washona ngonyaka wesithathu kaTrajan, lapho nomlando wakhe uphela khona. Usho kafushane ngolimi lwakhe, futhi wedlula kancane lezo zindaba obekudingeka kakhulu ukugcizelelwa kuzo; nokuba ngaphansi kobandlululo lwamaJuda, njengoba laye engumJuda ngokuzalwa, akakhulumi nokuncane ngokubonakala kukaKristu, kumbe izinto ezenzeke kuye, noma ngezimangaliso azenzayo. Wayeyindodana yomJuda othile, ogama lakhe lalinguPistu. Wayeyindoda, njengoba echazwa uJosephus, womlingiswa okhohlakele kakhulu; isigqila semali nesenjabulo. Ezindabeni zomphakathi wayephambene noJosephus; futhi ihlobene, ukuthi wamenzela amacebo amanengi; kodwa lowo Josephus, nakuba wayenesitha sakhe njalo ngaphansi kwamandla akhe, wamthuka ngamazwi kuphela, ngakho-ke makahambe ngaphandle kokujeziswa. Uthi futhi, ukuthi umlando owabhalwa yile ndoda, kokuyinhloko, emangalisayo, futhi ikakhulukazi ngalezo zingxenye lapho echaza khona impi yamaRoma namaJuda, nokuthathwa kweJerusalema.” (Umtapowolwazi, Ikhodi 33)
Amaphuzu amathathu kufanele aphawulwe ngokukhethekile:
- Konke lokhu kusitshela ngempela ukuthi ikhophi kaJustus yekhulu lesi-9’ umsebenzi wawungabhekiseli kuJesu. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi imizwa emelene nobuKristu kwaziwa ukuthi ikhishwe kweminye imithombo yamaJuda, asinakuqiniseka ukuthi uJustu’ umsebenzi wawungaphathwanga ngendlela efanayo.
- Abanye abagxeki abangenalwazi badida uPhotius nombhishobhi waseTire wangekhulu lesihlanu, futhi bathi amaKristu ambhubhisa uJustu’ umsebenzi ngemva kokuguqulwa kukaConstantine. Ngokusobala, akunjalo, njengoJustu’ umsebenzi usatholakala ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-9. Okuningi cishe, kwakukhona nje awenele amakhophi eyenziwe ukuze imelane nokucekelwa phansi kwesikhathi.
- UPhotius unobuqotho bokuloba iqiniso lokuthi akazange athole kubhekiselwa kuJesu. Ingabe-ke kufanele sichithe okunye ukuphawula kwakhe mayelana nenjongo kaJustu?’ umsebenzi, ikakhulukazi njengoba besekelwa uJosephus ngokwakhe, kuSithasiselo soHlelo lwakhe Lwesibili Lwezinto Zasendulo?
Ngenxa yalokho, siphoqeleka ukuba sithembele emithonjeni yezwe yedethi yakamuva kancane. Indlela Elula!
Kukude nakho! Ukucwaninga bekulokhu kungenye yezithiyo ezinkulu zeqiniso, futhi ukuthula kuvame ukubonakala njengenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokucindezela imibono umuntu angavumelani nayo. Ngokudabukisayo, nokho, kufanele kuvunywe ukuthi amaKristu akamuva nawo ayenecala kule ndaba. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izikhombo eziningi zakuqala ezikhuluma ngoJesu emibhalweni yamaJuda zazinobutha kwaze kwaba seqophelweni lokuhlukumeza obala: futhi njengoba ubuKristu bazuza isandla esiphezulu embusweni, eziningi zazo zacindezelwa ngamabomu. Kubo, indaba yayingeyona engokomlando (ngaleso sikhathi akekho owayengabaza ubuqiniso bukaJesu); kwakubhekwa njengento elula yokuvimbela ukuhlambalaza. Namuhla, sifisa sengathi ngabe abaphumelelanga kangako!
Kwaba ukucekelwa phansi okuhleliwe kwezincwadi ezingezona ezobuKristu okwenziwa amaKristu okwasifaka eNkathini Yobumnyama.
Empeleni, nakuba kwakukhona ukucekelwa phansi kwezincwadi zobuqaba ngaphansi kwababusi abathile abangamaKristu, lezi zenzo zaziqondiswe ikakhulukazi emikhubeni ethile yobuhedeni noma ezimfundisweni zobuKristu futhi azibonakali zibe nomthelela omkhulu ekutholakaleni kwezincwadi zasendulo.. Futhi, kwakungeyona into ehlelekile ngokuphawulekayo kunokucekelwa phansi kwezincwadi zobuKristu ngababusi abangewona amaKristu. Ngenjwayelo, imibhalo yasendulo yaziswa kakhulu futhi ukulondolozwa kwayo kwakuyingxenye enkulu ngenxa yamaqoqo agcinwe ezinhlobonhlobo zezikhungo zobuKristu.. ENtshonalanga, ukulahleka kwemibhalo ngokuyinhloko kwaba umphumela wezinxushunxushu zezombangazwe nezenhlalo ezazihambisana nokuhlakazeka koMbuso WaseRoma.. E-Orthodox Christian East, zazitholakala ngokukhululekile njalo, kokubili ngaphansi kweByzantines futhi kamuva ngaphansi kokubusa kwamaMoslem; futhi kwakusuka lapho lapho imibhalo eyabhebhethekisa iRenaissance ngokuyinhloko yafika.
Isibonelo esisodwa esibi kunazo zonke kwaba ukushiswa komtapo wolwazi omkhulu wase-Alexandria.
Lena enye ingxenye evamile yolwazi olunganembile. I-Library yase-Alexandria yayisivele yehla 48 BC lapho ibhekana nomlilo wayo wokuqala omkhulu ngesikhathi uJulius Caesar ehlasela idolobha. Izazi-mlando eziningi zikholelwa ukuthi iningi lemibhalo yalo yashabalala ngalesi sikhathi. Abanye balabo abasinda bayiswa emitatsheni yezincwadi eRoma phakathi nekhulu lokuqala AD. Umnyuziyamu omkhulu nomtapo wolwazi kwacekelwa phansi ngokuphelele, kanye nengxenye enkulu yedolobha, nguMbusi u-Aurelianin ngo 273 Isikhangiso. Umonakalo owengeziwe kamuva wenziwa uDiocletian edolobheni. Konke lokhu kwandulela ukuvela kobuKristu ekubuseni ngaphansi kukaConstantine.
Umtapo wezincwadi wendodakazi encane, eyaziwa ngokuthi 'iSerapeum', kungenzeka uye wasinda kwaze kwaba noma ngisho nangaphezu kwalokho 391 Isikhangiso, lapho ithempeli lamaqaba okwakugcinwe kulo libhujiswa uPatriarch Theophilis ngomyalo woMbusi uTheodosius.; kodwa lokhu kungukuqagela, njengoba kungekho okushiwo ngokusobala ngesiphetho somtapo wolwazi.
Ubuye abize ubuKristu ngenkolelo-ze ebulalayo, futhi uthi amaKristu ayenecala lobugebengu obunyanyekayo!
Lowo kwakuwumbono owamukelwa kabanzi ngobuKristu emphakathini wamaRoma; futhi ngaleso sikhathi, indoda enesibindi kuphela engayiphikisa obala. Ukushushiswa okunonya kukaNero ku 64 Isikhangiso, kwalandelwa ekaDomitian 96 Isikhangiso, futhi ngisho nalapho singabhekani ngaphandle nangaphandle kokushushiswa, AmaKristu aqhubeka ephathwa kabi ngokwenqaba kwawo ukukhulekela uKhesari noma onkulunkulu bamaRoma.
Lawa mazwana, Yebo kwakuhloswe ukutshala imbewu yokungabaza ukuthi mhlawumbe ubuKristu baguqukela esimweni sabo samanje kusukela ekuqaleni okungabazekayo. Lokho, uma kukhona, okuphambene kwakuwukuthi kungase kubonakale encwadini kaClement waseRoma eya kwabaseKorinte, idethi c. 96Isikhangiso:
“… siye saphuza ukunaka … lokho kuhlukana okuyichilo nokungengcwele, okungabezizweni emoyeni wabakhethiweyo bakaNkulunkulu, futhi nokho iye yaphenywa abantu abambalwa abanenkani nabanganaki kuze kube sezingeni elinjalo lobuwula, ukuthi kwenze ukuthi kukhulunywe izinto ezimbi kakhulu ngegama lakho, eyake yahlonishwa kakhulu futhi yathandwa ngokufanele yibo bonke abantu. … Ngokuba owake wagogobala phakathi kwenu, engabonakalisanga ukulunga nokuqina kokholo lwenu, noma engamangalanga ngesizotha nenhlonipho yokuzinikela kwenu kobuKristu.? noma awuzange ukhulume ngesimo sakho esihle sokungenisa izihambi? … Konke enanikwenza kwakungakhethi buso bamuntu; … nazithoba kubabusi benu … Phezu kwezinsizwa wayala imicabango ehluzekile nebukekayo; abesifazane owayala ukuba bafeze yonke imisebenzi yabo ngonembeza omsulwa nomsulwa, benika amadoda abo uthando olubafanele …”
Nokho, asincikile ngokuphelele ebufakazini bobuKristu ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi amaKristu ayengezona izigebengu le nkulumo-ze eyabenza bazenza.. Kokubili imibhalo kaPliny Omncane kanye noLucian waseSamosata (esizoyibuyekeza kamuva kulesi sigaba) ziqinisekisa ukuziphatha okuhle kwamaKristu okuqala. Amaphutha abo angempela kuphela, ngokombono wamaRoma, kwakuyizinkolelo zabo ezazibizwa ngokuthi ‘izinkolelo-ze’ lokukholelwa ekuvukeni kwabafileyo kanye nobuNkulunkulu bukaKristu, kanye ‘nokungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu’ ukuphika onkulunkulu bamaRoma nobunkulunkulu bukaKhesari.
Kodwa i-Imperial archive ayisoze yabiza uJesu, ‘UKristu’, uPilatu wayengumbusi, hhayi umbusi.
Ngokumangalisayo, ezinye izazi zicaphuna lokhu njengokungathi kuwubufakazi obungathi sína bokuhunyushwa kobuKristu. Kodwa akekho ophakamisa ukuthi izinqolobane zombuso zambiza ngokuthi uKristu; noTacitus akakwazanga ukuchaza ukuvela ‘kumaKristu’ ngaphandle kokusebenzisa igama, angakwazi?
Mayelana negama elithi 'procurator’ ukhathazekile, nakuba ngokuvamile lalibhekisela kusiphathimandla sezimali sesifundazwe, lalibuye lisetshenziswe ukuchaza umbusi wesifundazwe saseRoma sesigaba sesithathu, njengaseJudiya. Josephus, Ngokwesibonelo, ujwayele ukusebenzisa leli gama ngale ndlela. (Isiqephu esithi ‘Jakobe Olungileyo’ iqala, “Futhi manje uKhesari, ngemva kokuzwa ngokufa kukaFestu, wathumela u-Albinus eJudiya, njengombusi.”) Nokho, akekho noyedwa kubabhali beTestamente Elisha osebenzisa leli gama, ekhetha ukumchaza ‘njengombusi’; ngakho, uma kukhona, lokhu kuyaphikisana nokuba ukuhunyushwa kobuKristu.
Zonke Tacitus’ izincwadi eziphathelene nenkathi ngemva kokuvinjezelwa ziye zanyamalala ngendlela engaqondakali. Kungani? Sulpicius Severus, ekhulwini lesi-5, uthi amaRoma abhubhisa iThempeli laseJerusalema ukuze alivimbele ukuba libe ugqozi kumaJuda namaKrestu. Wazi kanjani? Ingabe babhujiswa ukuze bacindezele ulwazi lokuthi amaKristu ayehlangene namaJuda futhi alwa eceleni kwawo eMpini YamaJuda?
I-fanciful kakhulu! Njengoba incwadi yezEnzo isitshela lokho, ngaphambi kokubhujiswa kwethempeli, kwakunamaKristu angamaJuda aqinile eJerusalema, ukuthi ukukhulekela kwabo kwakugxile ethempelini, nokuthi isilinganiso esifanele sokubekezelelana sase sithuthukile ngaphansi kwethonya likaJakobe Olungileyo, okwakukhona ukucindezela? Kungenzeka ukuthi amaKristu asekela amaJuda ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuvukela. Nokho, lapho amabutho amaRoma ehlasela iJerusalema amaKristu, khumbula uJesu’ iziprofetho, wawulahla umuzi. AmaJuda ayewabheka njengamambuka alokhu, futhi uJesu waba igama elizondwayo. Ngakho-ke, uma kuke kwashiwo mayelana nokusebenzisana kukaTacitus phakathi kwamaJuda namaKristu, kwakufanele kube ngaphambi kokuvinjezelwa, hhayi emva kwayo.
I … Ubufakazi bukaFlavian … ivela kuzo zonke izinguqulo ezisekhona zikaJosephus …
Oh cha akunjalo! Kuyinkohliso yaseRussia!
Lolu ucezu oluvame kakhulu lwamanga. Isiqephu esibizwa ngokuthi isiRashiya noma isiSlavonic sikaJosephus siyinto ehluke kakhulu. Kuwukuhunyushwa okude okutholakala ezinguqulweni ezimbalwa zesiRashiya nesiRomania ‘Impi YamaJuda’ – hhayi 'Izinto Zasendulo’ (kuwo wonke amakhophi aziwayo okungatholakala kuwo i-Testimonium Flavianum). Inanela umbhalo we-Testimonium (eyodwa engaba imbangela yokudideka phakathi kwalokhu kokubili) kodwa ngezithako ezimbalwa zokunambitheka okusobala kobuKristu. Izazi ezimbalwa ziye zasikisela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi isekelwe emthonjeni omdala: kodwa buncane ubufakazi obusekela lokhu; futhi umbono ovamile uwukuthi yenezelwa cishe ngekhulu le-10 noma le-11.
I-Testimonium Flavianum ngokwayo yaziwa ukuthi ibikhona ngendlela yayo yanamuhla kusukela ngekhulu lesi-4 AD., lapho icashunwa u-Eusebius kweyakhe ethi Ecclesiastical History. Kukhona okuhlukile okukodwa kuphela okwaziwayo. Umlando wama-Arabhu wekhulu le-10 womhlaba, “Kitab al-'Unwan”, ebhalwe ngu-Agapius, umbhishobhi ongumKristu wamaMelkite waseHierapolis, e-Asia Minor, ichaza uJosephus le nguqulo elandelayo:
“Ngalesosikhathi kwakukhona indoda ehlakaniphileyo eyayithiwa nguJesu. Ukuziphatha kwakhe kwakukuhle, futhi (yena) kwaziwa ukuthi ulungile. Futhi abantu abaningi phakathi kwamaJuda nezinye izizwe baba abafundi bakhe. UPilatu wamgweba ukuba abethelwe futhi afe. Kodwa labo ababengabafundi bakhe abazange bakushiye. Babika ukuthi wabonakala kubo ezinsukwini ezintathu emva kokubethelwa kwakhe, nokuthi uyaphila; ngakho mhlawumbe wayenguMesiya, abaprofethi balandise izimangaliso ngaye.”
Le nguqulo ayibonakali ngokusobala yobuKristu. Ezinye izazi zisikisela ukuthi ingase ibonise ngisho noJosephus’ amagama okuqala: kodwa abanye bacabangela ukusikisela ‘mhlawumbe wayenguMesiya’ khombisa ukuthi nayo ihleliwe. Nokho, njengoba kungekho okunye okwaziwayo ngenguqulo kaJosephus u-Agapius akhipha kuyo lesi sicaphuno, ukuqonda ngokwesayensi kukhomba ukuthi kufanele sigxile ekuhlaziyeni kwethu embhalweni ojwayelekile, okungalandelelwa umlibo wakhe 6 emakhulwini eminyaka ngaphambili.
Ubuqili, kwakungeyena?
Ubuqili? Futhi nokho ukungazi ngokwanele ukufaka okufakiwe okusobala kobuKristu njenga, ‘uma ngempela umuntu kufanele ambize ngendoda’, ‘WayenguKristu’ futhi, ‘wabonakala kubo ngosuku lwesithathu, ukuba nokuphila futhi, njengoba abaprofethi bakaNkulunkulu babebikezele’? Ukwenza lokhu kubonakale kungenangqondo kufanele ucabange okungenani izihumushi ezimbili – eyokuqala iwubuqili obumangalisayo futhi ihlakaniphe ngendlela emangalisayo, nokungena enkingeni enkulu ukumane ubhalele izizukulwane ukuthi uJesu wayengumholi wehlelo likaMesiya., babulawa ngemiyalo yamaRoma, owayengasho lutho. (Qhubeka ufunde esihlokweni esikhulu ukuze ubone ukuthi i-Testimonium ibukeka kanjani ngaphandle kokuhunyushwa okusobala). Awuhlakaniphile neze neze, uma ucabanga ngakho!
Josephus’ ireferensi yasekuqaleni cishe ibingancomeki kangako!
Mhlawumbe kunjalo: kodwa abukho ubufakazi bokuphazamisa esiqeshini sikaJakobe, futhi umongo wamazwana awunikezi ngempela ububanzi obuningi bokufakwa kwamazwi ayiziswana ngoJesu, njengoba kungaphazamisa ukulandisa okuyinhloko. Ukube wayesho into enje, ‘okuthiwa uKristu’, noma ‘owazibiza ngoKristu’, yashintshwa nini, futhi ngobani? Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kwakwaziwa ezikhathini ngaphambi kokuba amaKristu alawule okuqukethwe yimithombo yamaJuda neyamaRoma. Futhi, futhi njengoba singabona ku-Testimonium, uma i-interpolators ka-Eusebius’ bathathe isikhathi ukuthi balungise lelo vesi, mancane amathuba okuthi ngabe banelisa ukuyishiya njengento nje, ‘owayebizwa ngoKristu’. Kunengqondo kakhulu ukuphetha ngokuthi i-Testimonium ngokwayo yayiyizikhombo ezingancomeki kangako.
I-testimonium kungenzeka ukuthi ayihambisani kakhulu nanokuthi inguqulo yakho ehleliwe iphakamisa!
Yebo, lokho kungenzeka. Siyazi eTestamenteni Elisha ukuthi amanye amaJuda asho izinto ezingelula neze ngoJesu.
Ukube ubumlando bukaJesu bekuyinkinga, kungani kungekho neyodwa yalezi zingcaphuno zamaKristu okuqala esebenzisa uJosephus ngalenjongo?
Ngakho usho!
KULUNGILE, ake sibheke lokhu ngokuningiliziwe. U-Origen ukhuluma ngoJosephus’ kubhekiselwa kuJakobe kathathu:
“Futhi kwaba nedumela elikhulu kangaka phakathi kwabantu lokulunga lo Jakobe wavela, ukuthi uFlavius Josephus, owabhala ‘Izinto Zasendulo ZamaJuda’ ezincwadini ezingamashumi amabili, lapho efisa ukuveza imbangela yokuthi kungani abantu behlupheka kakhulu kangangokuthi ngisho nethempeli lacekelwa phansi., wathi, ukuthi lezi zinto zabehlela njengolaka lukaNkulunkulu ngenxa yalokho ababenesibindi sokukwenza kuJakobe umfowabo kaJesu othiwa uKristu.. Futhi into emangalisayo, lokho, nakuba engazange amamukele uJesu njengoKristu, nokho wafakaza ukuthi ukulunga kukaJakobe kukhulu; futhi uthi abantu babecabanga ukuthi bahlushwe lezi zinto ngenxa kaJakobe.” (Ukuphawula ngoMathewu 10.17)
“Manje lo mbhali, nakuba bengakholwa kuJesu njengoKristu, ekufuneni imbangela yokuwa kweJerusalema nokubhujiswa kwethempeli, kanti kwakufanele asho ukuthi uzungu lukaJesu yilona oluyimbangela yalezi zinhlekelele ezehlela abantu., njengoba babulala uKristu, owayengumprofethi, uthi nokho – ukuba, nakuba kuphambene nentando yakhe, engekude neqiniso – ukuthi lezi zinhlekelele zehlela amaJuda njengesijeziso sokufa kukaJakobe oLungileyo, owayengumfowabo kaJesu othiwa nguKristu, – abaJuda sebembulele, lanxa wayengumuntu oqakatheke kakhulu ngobulungisa bakhe. Paul, umfundi kaJesu wangempela, uthi lo Jakobe wayembheka njengomfowabo weNkosi, hhayi kakhulu ngenxa yobuhlobo babo ngegazi, loba lokukhuliswa kwabo ndawonye, njengangenxa yobuhle nezimfundiso zakhe. Nxa, ke, uthi kwakungenxa kaJakobe lapho ukuchithwa kweJerusalema kwenziwa ukuze kufice amaJuda, akufanele kanjani kuhambisane nesizathu sokusho ukuthi kwenzeke nge-akhawunti (lokufa) kaJesu Kristu, ubuNkulunkulu bakhe amaBandla amaningi angofakazi bakhe, eyakhiwe yilabo ababuthiwe esikhunjeni sezono, futhi abazihlanganise noMdali, futhi abaqondisa zonke izenzo zabo enjabulweni yaKhe.” (NgoCelsus 1.47)
“Kodwa ngaleso sikhathi ayengekho amabutho eJerusalema, ewuhaqa futhi awubiyele futhi awuvimbezele; ngokuba ukuvinjezelwa kwaqala ekubuseni kukaNero, futhi yahlala kwaze kwaba kuhulumeni kaVespasian, indodana yakhe uThithu yabhubhisa iJerusalema, ku-akhawunti, njengoba uJosephus esho, kaJakobe Olungileyo, umfowabo kaJesu othiwa uKristu, kodwa eqinisweni, njengoba iqiniso likwenza kucace, ngenxa kaJesu Kristu iNdodana kaNkulunkulu.” (NgoCelsus 2.13)
Njengoba ubona, ingcaphuno yokuqala iwukukhulumela ngokuphelele ukuhlonishwa okukhulu kukaJakobe amaJuda. Ezinye ezimbili zenzeka kumongo wengxoxo ngezizathu zokubhujiswa kweJerusalema (uJosephus ngokusobala ayenalo, kusithenjwa manje esilahlekile, kubhekiselwa ekwahluleleni kwaphezulu ngokubi okwenziwa kuJakobe). Kuzo zombili lezi zimo, Iphuzu eliyinhloko lika-Origen yilokho, uma lokhu kwakungukwahlulela ngokufa kukaJakobe, kangakanani ngempela kwakungukwahlulelwa kokufa kukaKristu. U-Origen akakaze asebenzise uJosephus njengobufakazi ngoJesu’ umlando; ukukhathazeka kwakhe kumayelana nokuthi abantu bacabangani ngoJesu: hhayi ukuthi bayakholwa noma cha ukuthi Wayekhona.
Ngakho-ke uma isiqephu sasikhona, kungani u-Origen engakhulumi ngakho?
Uyakwenza, ngokuvuma ukuthi uJosephus akazange avume ukuthi uJesu unguKristu. Kodwa, njengoba kubonakala sengathi ingxenye yokuqala ayiqukethe lutho olumsizayo, futhi iphimbo layo lalivame ukunganaki (ngakho-ke kuyacasula, ngokombono wobuKristu), kwakungaba yini isizathu sokuyicaphuna? Okuwukuphela kwenani layo liwukuqinisekisa kwangaphandle komlando oyisisekelo kaJesu’ impilo: futhi osukwini lwakhe lokho kwakungeyona nje indaba, njengoba kuxoxiwe ngaphambili (skrolela phezulu ukuze ubuyekeze lokhu).
Iqiniso ngukuthi, imibhalo yokuqala yamaJuda yayiveza uJesu njengomntwana ongekho emthethweni, umuntu ovukela umbuso kanye nomthakathi!
Njengoba amavangeli asitshela ukuthi uJesu’ abaphikisi bamthwesa amacala anjalo, besiyoba nesizathu esengeziwe sokungabaza umlando ogciniwe ukube izikhombo ezinjalo bezingekho. Siyazi ukuthi bakwenzile, nakuba iningi selilahlekile. Nokho, ingxenye enkulu yazo yavela ngemva kokuhlukana phakathi kobuJuda nobuKristu, ngemva kokubhidlizwa kweThempeli. Ngalesi sikhathi ukucabangela okungokomlando kwase kuyisisulu semizwa yeqembu.
Impela! UbuKristu bokuqala babumane nje buyiqoqo lezinganekwane ezikholelwa ezeni! Akulona ukholo oluhlelekile isonto elaqala ngalo kamuva.
'Ungakhathazeki. Manje sekuvunyiwe ngokuvamile ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yeTestamente Elisha yayinjalo ibhalwe ngu 70 Isikhangiso, kuhlanganise nezincwadi zikaPawulu, ngakho imfundiso yenkolo ebalulekile yokholo lobuKristu yayivele ichazwe ngokucacile phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila sofakazi abaphilayo. Izikhombo zobuKristu ngokuthi ‘inkolelo-ze’ ngababhali bezwe kufanele kubonakale ekukhanyeni kwezinkolelo zabo. KwabaseRoma, AmaKristu ‘ayengakholelwa kuNkulunkulu’, ngoba bawenqaba umbono owawuvame ukuthi uKhesari ungunkulunkulu, kanye ‘nezinkolelo-ze’ ngoba babekholelwa ekuvukeni kwabafileyo.
U-Origen wathi uJesu walithatha kumkhulu wakhe igama, Ubaba kaJosefa, okuthiwa wayebizwa ngoPanther.
Ngaphandle kokuthi abukho ubufakazi bomkhuba onjalo – futhi nalapho bekufanele kube ngumkhulu wakhe ozala umama.
Lo mkhuba ulotshwe kuyi-Talmud yaseBabiloni: Yebamoth 62b. Ungase ucabange ukuthi babeyothatha inyumba futhi ngenxa yalokho basebenzise ufuzo ngoMariya, noma ukukhumbula umkhuba wakamuva wokulandelela yonke inzalo yamaJuda ngomugqa wabesifazane. Kodwa isiko ngaleso sikhathi kwakuwukulandela uhlu lwabesilisa.
Kodwa kungani amahlebezi athi ubaba wayeyibutho lamaRoma?
Awukaze yini uzwe izindaba mayelana amantombazane namasosha?
Nginakho ngempela futhi kuzwakala sengathi kungenzeka kakhulu uma ungathengi ukuzalwa kwentombi!
Akungatshazwa. Futhi abantu baseNazaretha cishe azange thenga umqondo wokuzalwa kwentombi.
kwadalwa Ikhasi by Kevin King
Ngicela uqaphele! Uma ufisa ukuphawula kwenye yezinto ezikuleli khasi, ngicela ulandele isihloko sayo esithi ‘Back to main article’ isixhumanisi bese ubheka ifomu lokuphawula phansi kwalelo khasi.