gwamnati & Ma'aikatar cikin Early Church (PT2)

3. Demon, Ko bawa (διακονος – diakoni)

3.1 Aikin bawan

Ba mu sami wani amfani da kalmar ‘dikoni ba’ a cikin Ayyukan Manzanni, ko da yake ya bayyana sau da yawa a cikin Wasiku. Ma’anarsa ta farko ita ce ta ‘bawa.’ Wannan ya sa yana da wahala a iya ayyana iyakokinta na gwamnati tare da wani tabbaci, kamar yadda duk waɗanda suke da muradin jagoranci a Ikklisiya ta farko dole ne su zama bayi da farko (Mt 20:26, 23:11, Mk 9:35, 10:45). Ta haka Bulus ya yi amfani da kalmar ga Yesu (Rom 15:8), da kansa (2 Cor 3:6,6:4,11:23, Eph 3:7, Col 1:23,25), Afollos (1 Cor 3:5), Timothawus (1 Thess 3:2), Tychicus (Eph 6:21), Abafaras (Col 1:7) da Phebe (Rom 16:1).

Duk da haka, sassa kamar Phil 1:1 kuma musamman 1 Tim 3:8-13 yi a sarari cewa an yi amfani da kalmar don nuna wani takamaiman matsayi a tsarin cocin.

3.2 Bakwai

Fitowar farko ta matakin mataki na biyu yana ciki Acts 6:1-8, sa'ad da aka naɗa bakwai ɗin don su kula da gwauraye. Ya kasance al'adar kawo hadayu don rabawa tsakanin almajirai “ga manzanni’ ƙafafu” (Acts 4:35,37, 5:2). Duk da haka, gaskiyar cewa gunaguni ya kasance ga Ibraniyawa gabaɗaya (Acts 6:1), ba manzanni musamman ba, haɗe da furucin Bitrus ‘bai dace ba mu bar maganar Allah, kuma ku bautar tebur’ (Acts 6:2) ya nuna cewa an ba da irin wannan nauyin na ɗan lokaci ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. Kasancewar an nada su don yin hidima (διακονεω) Tables', yana nuna cewa da an ɗauke su a matsayin diakoni.

3.3 Sauran diakoni

Kamar yadda muka gani, a wata ma'ana duk shugabannin Ikklisiya diakoni ne, ba kawai na Almasihu ko bishara ba, amma na coci (cf. Col 1:23,25). Barin duk wasu nassoshi masu ma'ana, duk da haka, za mu iya gano biyu da suka bayyana su zama diakoni ga takamaiman majami'u:

Phebe, shugaban cocin Kenkreya (Rom 16:1),

Abafaras, shugaban cocin Kolosi (Col 1:7, 4:12).

Madaidaicin matsayi na Tikikus da Timotawus ba shi da sauƙin bayyanawa.

3.4 Aiki da cancanta na dattijai

Kalmar da Bulus ya yi amfani da ita wajen kwatanta Phebe a cikin Rom 16:2 a zahiri yana nufin ‘wanda ya tsaya a gaba,’ kuma ana iya mayar da su a matsayin ‘mataimaki’ da ‘makance.’ An kwatanta Abafaras a matsayin ‘koyaushe yana ƙoƙari domin ku cikin addu’a, domin ku tsaya cikakku cikin dukkan nufin Allah’ kuma kamar yadda suke da ‘girman kishinku’ (Col 4:12-3). A bayyane yake, mutumin nan makiyayi ne a zuciyarsa.

Bakwai sun damu sosai game da hidima ga buƙatun gwauraye kuma ba su da alama sun yi amfani da wani ikon da ya wuce ƙayyadaddun abin da suka bari.. Duk da haka, Ci gaban hidimar Istifanus ya nuna cewa aikinsa ya kuma ba da damar yin hidima a matakin allahntaka ga waɗanda yake da alhakinsu da kuma kāre bishara daga masu sukanta. (Acts 6:6-8).

A cikin 1 Tim 3:13 Bulus ya ce ‘waɗanda suka yi hidima da kyau (a matsayin diakoni) sami kyakkyawan matsayi da tabbaci mai girma cikin bangaskiyarsu ga Almasihu Yesu.’ Ta haka ne, ko da yake aikin dakon na bawa ne; bai kamata a ga an iyakance shi ga hidima a cikin abin duniya ba.

Abubuwan cancantar da Bulus ya shimfida don diakoni da iyalansu 1 Tim 3:8-12 kusan sun yi kama da na masu kula a ayoyin da suka gabata (1 Tim 3:2-7). Mahimmanci, dole ne su bayyana a cikin imaninsu, su da matansu dole ne su kasance masu halin ɗabi'a mara ƙayyadaddun ƙa'ida kuma a daidaita rayuwar danginsu.

Wasu daga cikin buƙatun masu kula suna da annashuwa, duk da haka. Masu kula ba za su iya zama sabbin tuba ba (1 Tim 3:6): Ana iya nada diakoni bayan an tabbatar da su (1 Tim 3:10). Dole ne masu kula su kasance da iya koyarwa (1 Tim 3:2): an buƙaci diakoni kawai don samun gaskiya, cikin zurfin fahimtar imaninsu (1 Tim 3:9). An sa ran masu kula za su nuna karimci (1 Tim 3:2): Ana jin cewa masu bi waɗanda ba su da girma ba har yanzu ba za su kasance a shirye don irin wannan mamayewar jin daɗin gidansu ba?

Lura cewa, kodayake mafi yawan fassarar 1 Tim 3:8-12 yana nufin cewa diakoni koyaushe maza ne, Phebe ta kasance mace (Rom 16:1). Kalmar da aka fassara a matsayin ‘mata’ a cikin 1 Tim 3:11&12 asali yana nufin ‘mace’ (cikin AV, misali, an fassara shi da ‘mata’ 92 sau da ‘mace’ 129 sau). Nufin wannan, tun masu mallaka ‘su’ ba a zahiri ba a cikin Girkanci, cewa bude kalmomi na 1 Tim 3:11 ana iya mayar da shi daidai, ‘Mata haka nan …’! Yana da ban sha’awa a lura cewa babu irin wannan sharhi a cikin ayoyin da suka gabata game da ‘masu kula’ (1 Tim 3:2-7 – gani 5.6). Wanne ya fi yiwuwa: cewa halin matar dattijo ya fi jan hankali daga Bulus fiye da na mai kula, ko kuma ya kara da wannan tsokaci ne saboda yana lura da wasu limaman mata, kamar Phebe?

4. MANZON ALLAH

Akwai rukuni ɗaya na maza da ke da wuya a ƙidaya su a matsayin ko wannensu manzanni, dattawa ko diakoni. Manzanni sun naɗa waɗannan ayyuka don su yi ayyuka na musamman da ke kula da wasu sababbin ikilisiyoyi, sau da yawa don ƙayyadaddun lokaci.

4.1 Barnagus

A cikin Acts 11:19-26 mun karanta cewa an aika Barnabus daga Urushalima zuwa sabuwar coci a Antakiya. Ba a bayyana matsayinsa a hukumance ba a wannan lokacin; tunda ba inda ake kiransa dattijo ko mai kula, kuma ba a kira shi manzo ba sai bayan an aika shi da Bulus tafiyarsu ta farko ta wa’azi daga Antakiya. Duk da haka, a bayyane yake cewa ya tafi tare da manzanni’ ikon da aka wakilta da kuma cewa ya ɗauki babban matsayi a cikin coci tun lokacin da ya zo.

4.2 Yahuda da Sila

Yahuda da Sila, aka kwatanta da ‘jagaba a cikin ’yan’uwa’ (Acts 15:22) manzanni ne suka aiko su su tabbatar da hukuncinsu game da kaciya (Acts 15:25-7). Mutanen biyu annabawa ne (Acts 15:32). A bayyane yake aikinsu na ɗan lokaci ne; amma ya bayyana cewa Sila da kansa ya yanke shawarar ci gaba da zama a Antakiya (Acts 15:34 – ko da yake wannan ayar ta ɓace daga wasu rubutun).

4.3 Timothawus, Titus et al.

Bulus ya kuma bar zaɓaɓɓun maza na ɗan lokaci don su kula da sababbin majami'u masu tasowa (Acts 17:14-5 & 18:5, 18:19-9, 19:21-2). 1 Timothawus da Titus (gani a ƙasa) Dukansu sun nuna cewa an bai wa waɗannan mutanen ikon yin iko a cikin majami'u, har ma da nadin dattawa. Duk da haka, Ba a kiran su da kansu manzanni ko dattawa.

5. MANYAN (πρεσβυτερος)

5.1 A Urushalima

Acts 9:32 ya nuna Bitrus yana tafiya cikin hidimar tafiya. Jim kadan bayan dawowarsa (Acts 11:1) mun sami magana ta farko a sarari ga ‘dattijai’ a cikin coci a Acts 11:30; Inda aka aika agajin yunwa ga dattawan Urushalima daga Antakiya. Ba a ambaci manzanni a ciki ba Acts 11:30 dangane da wannan batu na gudanarwa zalla; ko da yake ya bayyana daga Acts 12:1-25 Wataƙila Bitrus da Yakubu ɗan’uwan Yesu suna Urushalima a wannan lokacin. (N.B. ko da yake Acts 11:30 shi ne na farko mara shakku game da dattawa, yana da hujjar cewa Gal 1:18-9 ba maganar wannan ziyarar ba ce; amma zuwa ziyarar farko da Bulus ya shiga Acts 9:26-31. Wannan yana nufin cewa an riga an gane Yaƙub a matsayin manzo kuma yana hidima a matsayin dattijo sa’ad da ba sha biyun ba.)

Lokacin da Bulus da Barnabu suka ziyarci Urushalima game da batun koyarwa na kaciya (Acts 15:1-31), yana da ban sha'awa a lura da yadda dukan cocin suka shiga. Akwai liyafar farko ta cocin, A lokacin da Farisiyawa tuba suka fara tayar da batun (Acts 15:4-5). Sai aka warware ta a taron manzanni da dattawa (Acts 15:6-21), kamar yadda Ikilisiyar Antakiya ta yi tsammani (Acts 15:2). Daga nan a fili aka gabatar da shawarar kuma dukan ikkilisiya ta amince da ita (Acts 15:22). Har ila yau, ya kamata a lura da ƙaƙƙarfan rashin amincewa a cikin sakamakon wasiƙar waɗanda suka yi, da alama ba a san ma’aikatar a matsayin malamai ba (Acts 15:1), ya koyar da wajibcin kaciya ba tare da izini daga shugabanni ba (Acts 15:24).

Sa’ad da Bulus ya koma Urushalima sa’ad da aka kama shi aka miƙa shi ga Yaƙub da dattawa (Acts 21:18); wanda a yanzu da alama ke da alhakin al'amuran cocin Urushalima. Waɗannan mutanen sun damu sosai game da guje wa ɓata wa Yahudawa masu bi da suka kasance ‘masu-himman shari’a’ (Acts 21:20). Paul, duk da haka, ko kadan bai damu da bukukuwan Yahudawa da kansa ba (Acts 16:1-3, 18:18,21), kuma a fili bai nuna adawa da shawarar da suka gabatar ba (Acts 21:23-6). Shirin kwantar da hankali ya ci tura: amma babu yadda za a yi a sani ko da abubuwa sun tafi da kyau da sun yi akasin haka.

5.2 A Antakiya

Duk da cewa akwai cikakkun bayanai game da yadda aka tsara cocin Antakiya da yanke shawara (Acts 11:20-30, 13:1-3, 15:1-3,30-40) babu maganar dattijai.

Ya bayyana daga Acts 11:20-30 cewa manzanni ne suka naɗa Barnabus don ya kula da aiki a Antakiya; kuma daga baya ya kira Bulus ya taimaka masa wajen koyar da ikilisiya.

A cikin Acts 13:1-3 Matakin aika Bulus da Barnabus daga Antakiya ya nuna cewa shugabanci a Antakiya ya ƙunshi annabawa da malamai.. Yana yiwuwa cewa Lucius na Kirene (v1) yana ɗaya daga cikin majagaba na asali na wannan cocin (cf. Acts 11:20).

A cikin Acts 15:2 Bulus da Barnabu sun taka rawa wajen ƙalubalantar baƙi da suka koyar da kaciya: amma shawarar da aka yi na aike su Urushalima na haɗin gwiwa ne. Bayan sun dawo sun ba da rahoto ga dukan cocin, tare da wakilan manzanni Yahuda da Sila. Bayan haka, Bulus da Barnabu sun ci gaba da koyarwa da wa’azi a Antakiya, tare da wasu da dama (Acts 15:35).

Ta haka ne shugabancin Antakiya ya kasance yana mai da hankali sosai ga koyarwa da hidimar annabci. Rashin ambaton dattawa yana da ban mamaki, tuna da sadaukarwar Bulus ga zama dattako a cikin ikilisiyoyi da ya yi majagaba (gani a ƙasa): amma mafi kusantar bayanin shi ne cewa waɗannan shugabannin sun zama dattawan gaskiya.

5.3 Ikklisiyar In'allahu

A bayyane yake cewa Bulus da Barnabu sun rungumi ra’ayin zama dattijai, kamar yadda muka ga suna nada dattawa a cikin dukan ikilisiyoyin da suka kafa kwanan nan kafin su koma Antakiya (Acts 14:23).

A cikin Acts 20:17-38 Bulus ya yi wa dattawan Afisa jawabi. An nada waɗannan a baya, da kuma wasiƙar farko da Bulus ya rubuta zuwa ga Timotawus, wanda aka bari a Afisa sa’ad da Bulus ya koma Makidoniya (1 Tim 1:3, cf. Acts 20:1-3), ya ƙunshi koyarwa dalla-dalla kan cancantar masu kula da diakoni (1 Tim 3:1-13). Babu shakka Bulus ya naɗa Timotawus ya yi horo a cikin ikilisiya (1 Tim 1:3, 4:11-2, 5:19-21) da kuma sanya hannu a kan wasu a inda ya dace (1 Tim 5:22). Saboda haka, yana da kyau mu kammala cewa an naɗa dattawan Afisawa kusan lokacin.

Bulus ya sake nuna bangaskiyarsa ga zama dattijo sa’ad da suka ba da mafaka na ɗan lokaci a Karita, a kan hanyar zuwa Roma (Acts 27:7-13). Sa’ad da suka hau jirgi ya bar Titus a baya don ya ‘naɗa dattawa a kowane birni’ (Tit 1:5). Wasiƙarsa zuwa ga Titus tana kama da haka 1 Timothawus, haka kuma ya ƙunshi koyarwa a kan buƙatun zama dattijai (Tit 1:5-9).

5.4 Manzannin kamar dattawa

A cikin 1 Pet 5:1 Bitrus ya kira dattawa da cewa shi kansa ‘dattijo ne.’ Yohanna kuma ya ambaci kansa a matsayin dattijo a ciki 2 John 1:1 da kuma 3 John 1:1. Kamar yadda aka lura a baya, Bulus ya kwatanta Yakubu ɗan’uwan Yesu a matsayin manzo: amma galibi ana masa kallon babban dattijo, ko da yake bai taba kiran irin wannan ba, kamar yadda hidimarsa ta ta'allaka ne a kan jagorancin cikin gida na cocin Urushalima. Ba a fayyace ko an yi amfani da wannan ra’ayi ga manzannin ba; ko da yake ana sa ran hakan, kamar yadda dole ne dukan manzanni su zama bayi ('diakoni') da farko, da duk wani manzo da ya isa ya yi hidima a wannan matsayi.

5.5 Aiki na dattawa

A cikin Titus 1:7 ana kwatanta dattawa a matsayin ‘mahukuntan Allah’, suna jaddada lissafinsu ga Ubangiji ga waɗanda suke ƙarƙashin kulawarsu. Jawabin Bulus ga dattawan Afisa a cikin Acts 20:17-38 ya nuna cewa Bulus ya ɗauki dattawa a matsayin ‘masu kula’ (επισκοπος), wanda aikinsa shi ne ‘ kiwo (ποιμαινω) cocin Allah..’ (Acts 20:28).

Kalmar 'mai kula’ (NA 'bishop', amma a zahiri 'over-watcher') ana amfani da shi tare da ‘dattijo’ a cikin Tit 1:5-7 kuma an bambanta da ‘diakoni’ a cikin Phil 1:1. A cikin 1 Tim 3:1-7 Bulus ya bayyana abubuwan da suka cancanta don ‘masu kula’, ya biyo baya 1 Tim 3:8-13 ta wadanda na ‘diakoni’. An yi amfani da shi sau ɗaya tare da ambaton Yesu a ciki 1 Pet 2:25 kuma babu inda kuma. Kalmar da aka samo 'sa ido’ (cf. 1 Tim 3:1) ya bayyana a ciki Acts 1:20, inda aka yi amfani da shi ga manzo Yahuda da ya mutu: duk da haka, ya bayyana ne kawai a nan azaman zance daga sigar Septuagint Psalm 109:8 don haka bai kamata a dauke shi a matsayin wakilin N.T. kalmomi. Don haka yana da kyau a kammala cewa kalmomin ‘dattijo’ da ‘mai kula’ kusan suna da ma'ana a cikin N.T.

Sa ido na iya ɗaukar nau'i-nau'i iri-iri. A cikin Acts 20:29-30 an gaya musu su sa ido ga waɗanda suka kasance bidi'a da / ko neman jawo maza a bayan kansu,. A cikin 1 Tim 3:5 an siffanta su da ‘kula da su’ coci da kuma a 1 Tim 5:17 kamar yadda 'hukunce'.

Ma’anar ‘makiyaya’ (ποιμαινω) adadi da yawa a cikin tsohon da sabon alamar alkawari. Duk da haka, taken ‘makiyayi’ (ko kuma ‘ fasto’ – ποιμην) ana amfani da shi sau ɗaya kawai na shugabannin coci, a cikin Eph 4:11, inda babu takamaiman ma'anar kalmar ko aikinsa (lallai akwai muhawara kan ko ya kamata a fassara shi da ‘fastoci da malamai’ ko kuma ‘limaman fasto’).

Akwai ‘yan nassoshi kai tsaye ga ‘kiwon kiwo’ aikin shugabannin coci. A cikin Acts 20:28-35 Daga baya Bulus ya gaya musu su zama masu taimakon raunana kuma su zama masu bayarwa maimakon masu karba (Acts 20:35). Bitrus ya jaddada mahimmancin kafa misali na hidima na son rai wanda wasu za su iya yin koyi da shi 1 Pet 5:2-3. Yesu ya gaya wa Bitrus ‘ku yi kiwon tumakina’ a cikin John 21:16: amma in John 21:15 & 17 ya yi amfani da siffar makiyayi iri ɗaya da wata kalma wadda ke da ma'anar a zahiri ta 'cin abinci.’ 1 Cor 9:7 ya nuna cewa makiyayi yana da hakkin ya karɓi wani abu daga garken sa.

Duk da haka, yin la’akari da mahallin da ya fi faɗi ya nuna mana cewa makiyayi yana ja-gorar garken, kafa tsarin da za su bi; kuma domin wannan ya yi aiki dole ne tumakin su gane shugabancinsa (John 10:3-4). Zai ba da ransa idan ya cancanta don ya kāre tumakin daga haɗari (John 10:11-15). Yana tattara tumakin tare (John 10:16) kuma yana kiyaye su daga ɓata (Mt 18:12, Ez 34:12-3), ciyarwa da shayar dasu (Ez 34:13-15, Rev 7:17) da kuma kula da marasa lafiya da wadanda suka jikkata (Ez 34:16, cf. Jas 5:14-5). Zai kuma yi aiki da ƙarfi idan ya cancanta don hana ɓarna ko amfani a cikin garken (Ez 34:16-22 & Rev 2:27, 12:5, 19:15 – ‘makiyayi’ da sanda na ƙarfe).

Ta haka za mu yi tsammanin cewa aikin dattawa zai ƙunshi dukan waɗannan fannoni: jagoranci ta misali, kiyayewa daga rukunan koyarwa da hatsarori, gina haɗin kai da fahimtar alkibla, tabbatar da an koyar da mutane yadda ya kamata kuma a cika su da ruhi (haka kuma an samar da isassun kayan aiki) da warkar da raunin tunani da na jiki.

Ka lura duk da haka lokacin da aka ambaci dattawa, kusan ko da yaushe yana cikin jam'i. Kalmomin Bulus a cikin Acts 20:18-38 an yi magana ga dattawan Afisawa a rukuni. Bai kamata mu yi tsammanin cewa kowane dattijo zai yi amfani da duk ayyukan da ke sama ba: amma ya kamata mu sa ran cewa dattawan yankin gaba ɗaya za su ba su cikakken bayani.

Ka lura kuma cewa dattawa suna da alaƙa da majami'u a takamaiman wurare (Acts 14:23, 20:17, Tit 1:5), ban da wa annan manzannin da ke kwatanta kansu a matsayin dattawa.

5.6 Cancantar don dattawa

Abubuwan da ake buƙata don dattawa an bayyana su a cikin 1 Tim 3:1-7 and Tit 1:5-9. Kamar yadda aka tattauna a baya tare da diakoni, dole ne su bayyana a cikin imaninsu, su da matansu dole ne su kasance masu halin ɗabi'a mara ƙayyadaddun ƙa'ida kuma a daidaita rayuwar danginsu. Da alama an yi tsammanin dattawa za su zama mazajen aure (1 Tim 3:2,4, Tit 1:6) – Tunanin Yahudawa ya bayyana cewa mazan da ba su da aure ba su da isasshen sanin ‘rai na gaske’ – ko da yake ana iya ganin hakan a matsayin buƙatu don guje wa auren mace fiye da ɗaya ko rashin daidaituwa a cikin gida fiye da dagewar aure.. (Kamar yadda muka gani a sama, Abubuwan da ake buƙata na diakoni suna nuna haka: amma akalla daya dakon mace ce.)

A matsayin taken ‘dattijo’ yana nufin, an mai da hankali kan balaga ga tasirin cewa dattijo ba zai iya zama sabon tuba ba (1 Tim 3:6). Ya kamata a fahimci wannan in an kwatanta, ko da yake. Da alama wasu dattawan da Bulus ya naɗa a ciki Acts 14:21-23 tabbas sun kasance kwatankwacin sabbin tuba: duk da cewa Gal 2:1 ya bayyana sanya adadin shekaru tsakanin Acts 12:25 & 15:4, akwai rashin tabbas na tsawon lokacin da ya yi a kowane wuri.

Dole ne dattawa su kasance da iya koyarwa kuma su iya ƙin koyarwar ƙarya (1 Tim 3:2, Tit 1:9). Wadanda suka kware a wannan fanni sun kasance suna da kima sosai (1 Tim 5:17).

Wani cancanta na musamman, daban da na diakoni, shi ne ana sa ran za su nuna karimci (1 Tim3:2, Tit 1:8). Kasancewa tare da mutane wani muhimmin sashi ne na aikin: don haka kawai waɗanda suka yi na'am da wannan na gaske ne za a iya ɗauka sun dace.

Abin mamaki, bisa la’akari da yanayin aikinsu na gwamnati, babu wani gwaji na musamman na dacewa dangane da wannan, banda nacewa dattijo ya zama ‘mai mulkin gidansa da kyau’ (1 Tim 3:4-5, Tit 1:6): amma wannan bai wuce abin da ake bukata daga wurin dijani kuma ba (1 Tim 3:12).

Matsakaicin matakin cancanta na asali da ake buƙata a waɗannan fagage biyu na ƙarshe yana ba da goyan baya kaɗan ga ra'ayin cewa dole ne dattijo ya ƙware musamman wajen mu'amala da sadarwa da mutane.; ko da yake irin waɗannan ƙwarewar za su kasance da amfani sosai a kowace girma. Ya bayyana mafi yuwuwa cewa dattawa ba jinsin halitta ba ne, amma a maimakon haka an zaɓi tsarin dattijai na yanki ta yadda a tsakanin su za su iya ɗaukar duk ayyukan da ake bukata na makiyaya. Wannan zai bayyana abin da Bulus ya yi wa Timotawus, ‘Bari dattawan da suke mulki da kyau su zama waɗanda suka cancanci girma biyu, musamman waɗanda suke aiki a cikin kalma da koyarwa.’ (1 Tim 5:17). Ba ya nuna cewa wasu dattawan ba su ƙware a aikinsu ba: amma yana jaddada darajar ma'aikatun musamman.

(Koma zuwa abubuwan ciki / Ci gaba da karatu)