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Bonngoe ba Johanne

Ho ea ka bontate ba kereke ya pele, Johanne ene ele Evangedi ya ho qetela ho ngolwa. Leha ho le joalo, e fapane ka ho felletseng le tse ling ka nehelano le litaba tsa eona ka kakaretso, ho tsepamisa maikutlo haholo lipuisanong tsa lekunutung le ho pheta mehlolo e seng mekae feela e khethiloeng. Bongata ba bona ke ba Johanne feela, ho tiisa maikutlo a hore ha e fumanehe ha Mattheu, Mareka kapa Luka li ngotsoe.

Ho fapana ho hoholo ho tsoa likosepeleng tse ling ho ka utloahala ho makatsa, empa bakeng sa tse latelang:

• Joalo ka ha mongoli a hlalosa (Johanne 21:25), lisebelisoa tse kopantsoeng tsa likosepele tsohle li emela karolo e nyenyane haholo ea Jesu’ bosebeletsi bo felletseng; kahoo ha ho na lebaka le itseng leo ka lona Johanne a lokelang ho sebelisa mehlala e tšoanang.
• E bolela ka ho hlaka hore ke likhopotso tsa botho tsa morutuoa ea neng a le haufi-ufi le Jesu sejong sa ho qetela. (Johanne 21:20). Lintlha tse ling li mo khetholla e le Johanne, bao hammoho le Petrose le Jakobo ba entseng sehlopha se ka hare sa barutuoa (c.f. Letšoao 5:37, 9:2, 14:33); kahoo o ne a le boemong bo botle ka ho khethehileng ho tlaleha mofuta oa lipuisano oo a tsepamisitseng maikutlo ho oona.
• Sepheo se seholo sa Johanne ke ho hlalosa hore na Jesu ha e le hantle ke mang le hore na tumelo ea botho ho eena e tlisa bophelo bo sa feleng joang (Johanne 20:31). Sena se susumelitse ka matla khetho le nehelano ea boitsebiso.

Leha ho se tšoane hona ha ho siee motheo oa ho bolela hore John o khabisitse litlaleho tsa pejana, litsebi li ne li tloaetse ho hanyetsa bonnete ba eona ka ho bolela hore likhopolo tsa eona tse ngata tsa thuto ea bolumeli ha lia ka tsa qaptjoa ho fihlela lekholong la bobeli la lilemo.. Khanyetso ena e se e nyatsuoa ke ho sibolloa ha litemana Meqolong ea Leoatle le Shoeleng tse bontšang hore likhopolo tse joalo li ne li hlile li le teng mehleng ea Kreste. (le hoja li se na boitsebiso leha e le bofe boo ho bonahalang eka Johanne o ile a bo kopitsa).

The Synoptic Question

Ka hlakoreng le leng, textual analysis of Matthew, Mark and Luke show large portions so strikingly similar, not only in content but even the language used, that it is generally agreed they have drawn upon common source material, either oral or written: hence these three are generally referred to as the ‘synoptic’ gospels.

Opinions have differed, leha ho le joalo, as to the nature of this interrelationship. In the rest of this page we will examine the claim that they built upon and embellished one another’s work. Afterwards we will go on to consider the suggestion that all three gospels drew on an older source or sources, including the theory of the lost document known as 'Q’.

Do the Synoptic Authors Mention One Another’s Work?

Luke’s introduction to his Gospel states:

‘Ba bangata ba nkile qeto ea ho ngola tlaleho ea lintho tse ileng tsa phethahala har’a rōna, feela joalokaha li ile tsa neheloa ho rōna ke bao ho tloha pele e neng e le lipaki tse boneng ka mahlo le basebeletsi ba lentsoe.’ Ka hona, kaha ke batlisitse tsohle ka hloko ho tloha qalong, ho bile ho le molemo ho ’na ho le ngolla tlaleho e hlophisehileng, Theofilase ea khabane ka ho fetisisa, e le hore u tle u tsebe bonnete ba lintho tseo u li rutiloeng.’

Leha ho le joalo, leha Luka a lumela pepenene boteng ba litlaleho tse ling tsa Jesu’ Bophelo, ha a bue ka ho toba ka likosepele tsa Mareka kapa tsa Matheu. Haele hantle, ho sa tsotellehe ho tšoana, ha ho moo ho buuoang ka ho toba likosepeleng ho tse ling.

Na ho ka Tšoaea Mohloli?

Hobane Mareka ke evangeli e khutšoanyane ka ho fetisisa, ’me boholo ba boitsebiso ba eona bo boetse bo fumanoa ho Mattheu le Luka, hangata ho ’nile ha boleloa hore Mareka ke eena ea ileng a ngoloa pele ’me a mang a mabeli a ile a sebelisa Mareka e le mohloli. Ho na le likhanyetsano tse peli tse kholo mabapi le maikutlo ana, leha ho le joalo:

1. Joalokaha ho boletsoe libakeng tse ling, tse peli tsa bontate ba kereke ya pele, Papias le Irenaus, li bolela hore kosepele ea Matheu e tlile pele ho ea Mareka ’me qalong e ne e ngotsoe ka Searame kapa Seheberu (le hoja ho se kopi ea phetolelo ena ea pele e setseng hona joale). Batho ba nang le lipelaelo ba nyenyefatsa bopaki ba bona e le ba 'leeme'; empa ka mabaka a histori kamano ea bona le mehloli ea pele e bolela hore bopaki ba bona bo lokela ho nkoa ka botebo haholo.
2. Ho sa tsotellehe ho tšoana ho pharaletseng, ho na le phapang e makatsang pakeng tsa Mareka le likosepele tse ling. Litemana tse ling li hlaha ho Mattheu le Luka, empa eseng ho Mareka. Ho boetse ho na le lintho tse siiloeng ka mokhoa o makatsang oa litaba tse fumanoang ho Mareka (mohlala. Letšoao 6:45-8:26; e rehiloe lebitso la 'ho se sieo ho hoholo', hobane ho thata ho hlalosa hore na hobaneng Luka a ka be a ile a e qhelela ka thoko ka boomo evangeling ea hae). Mme, le hoja boholo ba litaba tse ho Mareka le tsona li hlaha ho Mattheu, le mona ho na le li siiloe tse sa lebelloang, joalo ka Mk 4:26-9, 7:31-7 le 8:22-6, mmoho le diphapano tsa mongolo. Haele hantle, joalo ka ha ho ka hlokomeloa, tse ling tsa litaba tse tsoang litemaneng tsena li hlaha ho tse peli.

Mathata a Eketsehileng

Liphapang tse makatsang lipakeng tsa Mattheu le Luka li etsa hore ho be thata haholo hore ebe o bone evangeli ea e mong nakong ea ha e ngoloa.. Ka mohlala, litlaleho tse peli tsa tsoalo ea Jesu li batla li bonahala li hanyetsana libakeng tse ling.

Ho bonahala eka? Ba etsa joalo!

O ne a tseba ka mosebetsi oa e mong, ho ke ke ha etsahala hore ho ne ho ke ke ha etsoa boiteko ba ho lumellanya lintho tsena tse peli.

Mattheu le Luka ka bobeli ba na le lipapiso tse ngata, hammoho le litlaleho tsa mehlolo e meng, tse sa bonahaleng ho tse ding. Empa moo boitsebiso bo tloaelehileng ka bobeli, hangata e boetse e fumanoa ho Mareka; e leng se bolelang hore ho tšoana ho bakoa ke mohloli oa boitsebiso oo bangoli bohle ba bararo ba fihletseng ho oona, ho ena le ho qopitsa ho emong.

Ka bokhutšoane, ho sa tsotellehe hore na ke ka tsela efe motho a lekang ho haha ​​seo ho thoeng o itšetlehile ka evangeli e 'ngoe ho e 'ngoe ho na le mathata. Ho na le litemana tse hlahang ho Mareka le Luka (empa eseng Mattheu), Mattheu le Luka (empa eseng Mareka) le Mattheu le Mareka (empa eseng Luka).

Ka lebaka leo, bongata ba litsebi joale bo tšehetsa maikutlo a hore likosepele tsena tse tharo li thehiloe mehloling ea pejana.

Khutlela sehloohong se seholo.