Mmuso & Tshebeletso Kerekeng ya Pele

1. NTSHETSOPELE HO TSOA METSO EA SEJUDA

1.1 Mohlala oa Sejuda

Lekgotla le busang la Bajuda ka nako ya Kreste e ne e le Sanhedrine (συνεδριον – sunedrion). Ena e ne e entsoe ka baprista ba ka sehloohong (αρχιερευς – archiereus), sebakeng se seng (πρεσβυτερος – bapresbyters) le bangodi (γραμματευς – grammatheus) (Lk 22:66, Mt 26:3, 57-9, Mk 14:43, 53, 15:1, Acts 4:5(cf Acts 4:23)). Mk 15:1 e fana ka maikutlo a hore Sanhedrine e felletseng e ka ’na eaba e ne e akarelletsa le ba bang. Tloaelo e tloaelehileng ea ho bua ka lihlopha tsena tse tharo ka ho hlaka ha ho buuoa ka liboka tsa boetapele ba Bajude e bontša hore mantsoe a ne a sa lekane ho hang.: empa hoo kaofela ho bile le karolo e hlahelletseng ’musong.

Lentsoe ‘babusi’ e bonahala e lekanngoa le baprista ba ka sehloohong empa e fapane le baholo ka Acts 4. Litšupisong tse ling re bala feela ka baprista le baholo: empa ho bapisa le litemana tse ling ho bontša hore maemong ana ho akarelletsoa ha bangoli (Mt 26:47(cf Mk 14:43), Mt 27:1(Mk 15:1)). Sena se fana ka maikutlo a hore ‘moholo’ ho isa bohōleng bo itseng e ne e le lentsoe le sa reng letho le ka akarelletsang bao ka tloaelo ba neng ba khethoa e le bangoli. Gamaliele, setho se hlahelletseng sa Sanhedrine, o hlalosoa e le ‘mosuoe oa molao’ (νομοδιδασκαλος – nomodidaskalos) ho Acts 5:34) – lentsoe lena le sa sebelisoeng hanyane le lona le hlaha ho Lk 5:17-21, moo e bonahalang e sebelisoa ho bangoli.

Ha e le hantle tsamaiso ena ea puso e ne e akarelletsa bolisa, tsamaiso, tsa thuto esita le tsa boporofeta (wa ho qetela ka botho ba moprista e moholo (Jn 11:49-52). Bofokoli ba eona bo bolaeang bo ne bo le ho banna ka bobona. Ba ile ba hoeletsa hore ba tsejoe sechabeng 'me ba khaolitse ho ba basebeletsi (Lk 11:43 & 46); ba behile lineano tsa batho ka pele ho lentsoe la Molimo (Mk 7:6-13) 'me o ne a lahlehetsoe ke kutloisiso leha e le efe ea 'nete ea thuto kapa boprofeta (Mk 12:24-7, Jn 3:10-12 & 5:37-44).

1.2 Phetoho ea Mehaho ea Sejuda

Har'a lihlopha tse tharo tse ka holimo ke se le seng feela, 'libakeng tse ling', e ile ea ntšetsa sehlooho sa eona pele ka har'a mehaho ea kereke; le hoja le tabeng ena sehlooho se ile sa fela ka nako e itseng.

Likhohlano tse nyenyane tsa bangoli ba Jesu’ letsatsi le ne le ba entse sesomo ho kereke ya pele (1 Cor 1:20), le ba batlang ho ba ‘mesuoe ea molao’ (νομοδιδασκαλος – nomodidaskalos – 1 Tim 1:7) ba ile ba nyahama. Sena e ne e se ho hana tšebeletso ea mosuoe, leha ho le joalo. Bangoli’ thuto e ne e le khale, e inahaneloang le ho khetha li-nit: athe letshwao la Jesu’ ho ruta, le ba ba neng ba mo sala morago, e ne e le hore e ne e le foreshe, ea nang le matla le ea tsotellang moea ho feta lengolo la molao (Mt 13:52, 7:28-9, 23:23, Jn 3:10-11, 1 Pet 4:11 (tšupiso ena ea ho qetela ha e akaretse thuto feela)). Kahoo, le hoja lentsoe le ile la theoha, mosebetsi oa ho ruta o ile oa tsoela pele ’me oa hlomphuoa haholo tlas’a sehlooho se bonolo sa ‘tichere’ (διδασκαλος – didaskalos).

Boprista e le setsi bo ile ba phahamisoa ka ho felletseng ke ho amoheloa ha Jesu e le Moprista ea Phahameng a le mong (Heb 7:11-28), le boprista ba badumedi bohle (1 Pet 2:9). Karolo ea bona ea bohareng e ne e sa tšoanelehe 'me mesebetsi e meng ea bona e ne e abetsoe ba bang. Baapostola mohlomong e ne e le N.T. lekanang.

2. MOAPOSTOLA(αποστολος – baapostola)

2.1 Jesu’ Pitso ya ba leshome le metso e mmedi

2.1.1 E ne e le bo-mang?

• Simon le Andrew Barjona (‘mora oa Jonase’ c.f. John 1:42, 21:15, Mt 16:17). Simone ('lehlaka') a rehoa lebitso la Kefase (Searamaic) kapa Petrose (Segerike – ka bobeli li bolela "lejoe"). E ne e le batshwasi ba ditlhapi ba Bethsaida, karolong e ka leboea ea Leoatle la Galilea (Lk 5:10, Jn 1:44).
• Jakobo le Johanne, bara ba Sebedea, le batshwari ba ditlhapi ba Bethsaida (Lk 5:10, Jn 1:44). Ho ka etsahala hore ebe lelapa la bona e ne e le barekisi ba litlhapi ba ruileng, jwalokaha ba ne ba na le bahlanka (Mk 1:20), likamano tse matla Jerusalema (Jn 18:15-6) le mme ya ratang maemo (Mt 20:20-1)! Ba ne ba bitswa Boanergese (‘bara ba lialuma’) ka Jesu (Mk 3:17).
• Filipi, eo le yena e neng e le wa Bethsaida (Jn 1:44).
• Bartholomew (Searamaic, ‘Mora oa Tholmai’). Evangeli ea Johanne e mo bitsa Nathanaele (‘mpho ea Molimo’), eo mohlomong e neng e le lebitso la hae la pele. E ne e le motsoalle oa Filipi, ho tloha Kana (Jn 1:45-51 & 21:2), ka 12 limaele (3 lihora’ tsamaya) W. ea Leoatle la Galilea le 8 mile N. oa Nazaretha.
• Thomase (Searamaic) kapa Didymus (Segerike – mabitso ka bobeli a bolela 'mafahla'). E ne e le motho ya belaelang, empa e tshepahala (Jn 11:16 & 20:24-9).
• Mattheu (‘mpho ea Jehova’), hape e bitsoa Levi ('o kopane'), mora Alfea. (c.f. Mt 9:9 (Mattheu) ka Mk 2:14 & Lk 5:27 (Levi). E ne e le ’mokelli oa lekhetho (KA 'publican') bakeng sa Baroma – mosebetsi o sa rateheng haholo! O ne a tswa Kapernauma (moo Jesu le eena a neng a lula c.f. Mt 4:13, 9:1, Mk 2:1). E ne e le pela Lewatle la Galilea, 3½ limaele S.W. oa Bethsaida.
• Jakobo mora Alfea. Ha ho le e 'ngoe ea litšupiso tse fanang ka kamano ea lelapa ho Matthew, eo ntatae a nang le lebitso le tshoanang.
• Lebbaeus, ya neng a bitswa Thaddea (c.f. Mt 10:3 & Mark 3:18) empa hape o bitsoa ‘Judase oa Jakobo’ ho Luke 6:16 le John 14:22. Jesu o ne a e-na le banab’abo ba babeli, e leng Judase le Jakobo (c.f. Mt 13:55): empa re bolelloa hore ha baa ka ba lumela ho eena nakong ea tšebeletso ea hae ea lefatšeng (Jn 7:5 & Mk 3:21-32), kahoo ho ka etsahala hore ebe James e ne e le lebitso la ntate oa hae.
• Simone Mahlaseli (Segerike) kapa Bakanane (Searamaic) – ka bobeli e bolelang 'Zealot'. Mazealot e ne e le bafetoheli ba Bajuda ba khahlanong le Baroma. Bakanana ba boetse ba bolela ‘moahi oa Kanana’ (lentsoe le akaretsang karolo e kholo ea bophirima ba Iseraele).
• Judase Iskariota, Jesu’ moeki. O ne a hlokomela chelete; empa ka ho se tšepahale (Jn 12:6).

2.1.2 Likopano Tsa Pele

Jn 1:35 – 2:25. Jesu’ likopano tsa pele le Johanne (morutuwa ya sa boleloang ka lebitso), Andrew, Simone, Filipi le Nathanaele, hang ka mora moleko wa hae lefeelleng, re fe lintlha tsa bohlokoa mabapi le tsela eo a sebelisitseng boeta-pele ba hae ka eona.

• Pele o bitsa boitlamo, Jesu o ile a ba mema hore ba shebelle (Jn 1:39).
• O ne a batla barutuoa ba neng ba balile litšenyehelo (c.f. Lk 14:25-33). (Of the 11, all but John would be martyred!)
• Pono ena e ne e akaretsa karolo e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea bophelo ba Hae – eseng feela tšebeletso ea hae ea phatlalatsa. Hangata haholo, re tsepamisa maikutlo limphong tsa bosebeletsi ba batho mme re hlokomoloha bophelo ba bona.
• Jesu o bile a etsa hore ba qete nako le lelapa la Hae; e neng e ka se be bonolo, kaha barab’abo ba ne ba sa lumele ho eena (Jn 2:12 & 7:5). Nahana ka seo – ho ka be ho bile le phello efe ho uena ho bona tsena tsohle?
• Jesu ha aa ka a khopisoa ke lipelaelo (Jn 1:45-51).
• He gave a new name and a new vision (Jn 1:42 & 50-1). If we are to lead effectively, we must take people beyond their limitations in the way they see themselves and their future. We need to show them their potential in God.
• He took the trouble to know them personally (Jn 1:39 time, Jn 1:42 initimate understanding, Jn 1:43 seeking out, Jn 1:48 prayer). If you aren’t doing this for those who are directly answerable to you, who else will be?
• He demonstrated the reality of what He taught in both power and personal commitment (Jn 2:11 & 17).
• He avoided making over-hasty commitments (Jn 2:23-5). Some of these converts must have been genuine: but, rather than declare Himself, and seek or offer too much, too soon, He was prepared to trust and wait.

2.1.3 Borutuoa ba Pele

Jn 3:22-4 & 4:1-3. These events took place before the arrest of John the Baptist, ka jalo he, pele ga dikopano dipe le ba ba lesome le bobedi tse di tlhalosiwang mo efangeleng tse dingwe (bona Mt 4:12 & Mk 1:14). Leha e le Johanne feela, Andrew, Simone, Filipi le Nathanaele ba boletsoe ka mabitso, Acts 1:21-2 e fana ka maikutlo a hore bohle ba leshome le metso e 'meli ba ile ba kopana le Jesu nakong ena.

Empa Jesu o ne a se a qalile ho ruta banna bana, leha ho le joalo, joalokaha re tla bona, ba ne ba eso etse boitlamo bo felletseng ho Yena. ’Me sena se ne se akarelletsa ho fetang ho mamela feela. Jesu o ne a se a ntse a etsa hore ba kolobetse ba bang (Jn 4:2)!

Hlokomela hore ena e ne e le kolobetso ea pako, ntle le boitlamo ba botho ho Jesu (litšupiso tsa pele ho seo ke Mt 28:19 le Acts 2:38; e hlalosang hore na ke hobane’ng ha Jesu a ne a sa kolobetse motho). Re ke ke ra kopa motho hore a kolobetse motho ho Jesu’ matla haeba ba sa inehela ka botlalo: empa moetsalibe leha e le ofe a ka thusa e mong ho bolela libe tsa hae. Jesu o ne a ikemiselitse ho kenyelletsa barutuoa ba hae ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang, ka pele ka potlako.

2.1.4 Nako ea Qeto

Lk 5:1-11 (Mt 4:18-23). Ho fihlela joale, ba leshome le metso e mmedi ke barutuwa ba nakwana. Ka mora Jesu’ ho tšoasa litlhapi, Petrose o bona kamoo pako le boitlamo ba hae bo neng bo sa teba kateng. Joale Jesu o bitsa barutuoa ba hae hore ba tele tsohle bakeng sa Hae.

Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, Jesu o bitsa Matheu, ya tlohelang mosebetsi wa hae wa molekgetho hanghang Mt 9:9-13, Mk 2:14-7 & Lk 5:27-32. Ka tshohanyetso, u nahana hore phapang ea bohlokoa ke efe pakeng tsa mokete oa ho laela ha Mattheu le motho eo e neng e tla ba morutuoa ea neng a batla ho ea lumelisa batho ba habo hae? (Lk 9:61-2)?)

2.1.5 Ho khetha ba leshome le metso e 'meli

Lk 6:12-6. Le hoja joale Jesu o ne a se a qetile nako e telele a e-na le barutuoa ba hae, pele a etsa qeto ea hore na o khetha mang hore e be baapostola O ile a qeta bosiu bohle a rapela.

Sena se lokela ho re fa kutloisiso ea bohlokoa ba ho ba hlokolosi haholo hore na re khetha mang mosebetsing ofe kapa ofe ka kerekeng.

E boetse e totobatsa bohlokoa ba ho batla tataiso ea Molimo, ho e-na le ho itšetleha ka kutloisiso ea rōna. Ho bonolo ho khelosoa ke ponahalo (1 Sam 16:6-7).

2.1.6 Moeki Bakeng sa Motsoalle

Mohlomong Jesu o ne a tseba nako eohle hore Judase o tla Mo eka (Jn 2:25). Empa O ile A mo hlokomela ka mokhoa o sa tsitsang hoo, le mantsibueng a ho qetela, barutuoa ba bang ba ne ba sa tsebe hore ke moeki. Kahoo haeba ba bang ba u nyahamisa, leboha Molimo ha a sa u bolella esale pele le hore, ho fapana le Judase, ho na le tšepo ea hore ba tla ntlafala.

Hlokomela peō ea Judase’ timetso ka Jn 12:4-8. Mohlomong o itšenyetsa chelete e ngata ha ho se motho ea mo shebileng; empa o leka ho kokobetsa letsoalo la hae ka ho tšoaea ba bang liphoso (boemong bona, Jesu). E ne e le seo Satane a neng a se emetse (c.f. Matthew 26:6-16 & Luke 22:3-6). Pele o nyatsa ba bang, ipotse kamehla, “Na ke etsa lintho tse joalo?”

2.2 Lithuto tsa Crunch Boetapeleng

2.2.1 Sebopeho sa Boetapele

• Boetapele ba 'Nete ke Bohlanka. Mt 20:20-9 & Jn 13:1-17. Ho fapana le baetapele ba Bajuda ka ho felletseng (Mt 23:2-12).
• Bolaoli bo tsoa ho ba tlas'a bolaoli. Mt 8:9, Lk 9:1-2, Jn 5:19-23, 15:4-17.

2.2.2 Melao-motheo ea Bohlokoa

• Ho fumaneha. U ke ke ua Etela haeba u sa Mamele! Ho Modimo, ka thapelo, le ho ba katlasa hao (Mk 9:33-7).
• Tsepamisa maikutlo. Ho ena le ho leka ho ruta bohle, Jesu o ile a ruta ba ’maloa, le ho ba ruta ho ruta ba bang Mt 28:19. Molao-motheo ona o sebetsa ka ho lekana ho baetapele ba likereke kajeno - mosebetsi oa rona oa mantlha ke ho hlomella ba bang (bona Eph 4:11-2).
• Batho ba lekang mme ba hloleha ba atleha ho feta ba sa lekeng (mohlala. Mt 14:25-32).
• Kabelo le Tšepo. O ile a khothalletsa barutuoa ho etsa lintho (mohlala. Mt 14:16, Lk 10:1-20).

2.2.3 Thuto ea Sepheo

• Boetapele ha bo itšetlehe ka lisebelisoa tsa hau. Lk 10:3-4.
• U tlameha ho ba le khotso ho fana ka khotso. Lk 10:5-6 (hlokomela hore ke khotso ea hau e fanoang). Re fana ka seo re leng sona ho e-na le seo re se buang.
• Baetapele ba tlameha ho fana le ho amohela. Lk 10:7-9. Ke tokelo ho fana: empa ha re ikokobetsa ho amohela, hape re ka ba mokhoa oa ho hlohonolofatsa ea fanang (mohlala. Jn 4:6-15).

2.3 Nts'etsopele ea Tšebeletso ea Baapostola

2.3.1 Judase’ Ho nkela sebaka

Acts 1:15-26. Mokhoa oa baapostola oa ho nka sebaka sa Judase o senola hore 12 e ne e se bona feela ba ileng ba latela Jesu tšebeletsong eohle ea hae. Ha re tsebe hore na ba bang ba ne ba le bakae; empa tse peli tse ntle ka ho fetisisa, Joseph Barsabase Justuse le Mathiase ba ne ba tšoaneleha ka ho lekana; mme qetellong ba fetohela ho lahleng lotho ka thapelo ho kgetha pakeng tsa bona.

Hlokomela maemo a ikhethang ao tloaelo ena e ileng ea sebelisoa ho ’ona. Ea pele, ba ile ba nahana ka melao-motheo ea Mangolo e laolang khetho, ebe ho tshwaneleha ha bakgethwa, ntle ho pelaelo ho kopanyelletsa le seo bona ka bobona ba neng ba se tseba ka boitšoaro ba banna bana. Joale feela, ho se fumane letho leo ba ka le kgethang pakeng tsa bona, na ba ile ba kopa pontsho. Se ke oa botsa matšoao haeba ho na le mabaka a mangolo le a boitšoaro a hore na ke hobane'ng ha u lokela kapa u sa lokela ho etsa khetho e itseng.

Litsebi tse ling li ’nile tsa bolela hore baapostola ba ile ba etsa phoso ka ho khetha Mathiase, le hore moapostola oa leshome le metso e ’meli e ne e lokela ho ba Pauluse. Sena sea belaetsa ka mabaka a mabeli a sehlooho: pele, Pauluse e ne e se paki ea tšebeletso ea Jesu ea lefatšeng, lefu le tsoho (Acts 1:21-2) le, bobeding, e nahana hore e ne e lokela ho ba teng feela 12 baapostola.

Empa ho thoe’ng ka Josefa, hoo e ka bang moapostola? Kaofela re ka se be baapostola: empa ipone u le boemong ba hae. Na u ka be u ile ua hlonama, o halefetse Modimo ka ho se o kgethe, kapa o ile a honohela Mathiase? U tla itšoara joang haeba tšebeletso ea mor’abo rōna e hapa tlhokomelo e fetang ea hao? Ke mang ea nang le tokelo ea ho khetha? O sebeletsa mang, le ka lebaka lefe?

2.3.2 Karolo ea Petrose

Hlokomela ka holimo hore, le hoja Petrose a qala tshebetso, qeto e etsoa ka kopanelo (cf. Acts 1:15,23,24,26).

Mt 16:19 e tsositse phehisano e khōlō pakeng tsa Mak’hatholike le Maprostanta, haholo-holo tabeng ea hore na ‘lefika lena’ le bolela Petrose, boipolelo ba hae ba tumelo ho Jesu, kapa Jesu ka boeena. Mantsoe a latelang a Jesu, ‘Ke tla u fa linotlolo tsa ’muso oa maholimo, mme tsohle tseo o di tlamang lefatsheng, di tla tlangwa lehodimong, ’me eng kapa eng eo u e lokollang lefatšeng e tla lokolloa leholimong.’ li lebisitsoe ho Petrose ka bomong, ho tiisa karolo e ka sehloohong ea Petrose har’a baapostola. Empa ho kotsi ho haha ​​lithuto ka litlhaloso tse sa lumellaneng tsa temana. Ho Mt 18:18, Jesu o tšepisa barutuoa bohle ba hae tšepiso e tšoanang; ho bontša matla ana ha hoa lekanyetsoa ho Petrose kapa esita le ho baapostola feela (ntle le haeba o nahana Mt 18:19 hape e sebetsa ho bona feela!).

Petrose e ne e le moetapele ka kakaretso, joalokaha ho boletsoe ke Jesu (Lk 22:31-2, Jn 21:15-7). Empa ha re sheba ditlwaelo tsa nnete tsa kereke ya pele re bona seo, joalo ka holimo, liqeto li thehiloe temohong e kopanetsoeng ea thato ea Molimo. Peter o ne a se na voutu e khethehileng, kapa leha e le hantle lentsoe la ho qetela (sheba ka tlase). Ebile o ne a sa fete phoso kapa khalemelo (Gal 2:11-4). Boetapele ha bo fane ka ho se fose, kapa ho fa moeta-pele tokelo ea ho hlokomoloha keletso ea ba bang ka temoho ea moea.

2.3.3 James

Ho Acts 8:1 & 14 boetapele bo ntse bo bonahala bo le matsohong a baapostola feela. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang Acts 9:27, ho hlalosa ketelo ea pele ea Pauluse kerekeng e Jerusalema ha ho bolele letho ka baholo, haese baapostola feela. Empa Pauluse o boletse joalo Gal 1:15-19 hore lilemo tse tharo ka mor’a pitso ea hae o ile a etela Petrose Jerusalema le, ho thahasellisa ho feta, eo Jesu’ mor’abo Jakobo le eena o ne a nkoa e le moapostola. Kamoo ho bonahalang kateng, baapostola ba bang ba ne ba le sieo ka nako eo (cf Gal. 1:19), mme Jakobo jwale e ne e se e le karolo ya boetapele ba Jerusalema.

(Ho thata ho intša Gal 1:15-24&2:1-10, joalo ka kamano le Acts 9:26-30, 11:29-30&12:1-25, 15:1-30 le bopaki ba Pauluse ho Acts 22:17-21 e hlahisa mathata a itseng. Ho na le litlhaloso tse peli tse ka khonehang. Ea pele, the Acts 9:27 Ho bonahala eka seboka e ne e se taba feela ea ho etsa qeto ea hore na ho bolokehile ho lumella Pauluse ho kopanela le kereke. Ho tloha Gal 1:15 ho qala ho tloha pitsong ea hae ea ho bolela har'a bahetene, E ka ’na eaba Pauluse ha aa ka a ikutloa hore sena se ne se e-na le kamano leha e le efe ea thuto le tšebeletso ea hae ea Balichaba: boemong bona Gal 1:18 le Acts 22:17-21 e ka bua ka ketelo ea hae ho Acts 11:29-30&12:1-25, ka pono eo a e hlalosang e lebisang liketsahalong ho Acts 13:1-3. Ketelo e hlalositsoeng ho Gal 2:1-10 e ne e tla ba e hlalositsoeng ho Acts 15:1-30, ka mor’a leeto la hae la pele la boromuoa. Ntle le moo, ho ka ba joalo feela Gal 1:17-8 e hlalosa nako ea lilemo tse tharo pakeng tsa tšokoloho ea Pauluse le ho kena ha hae kerekeng ea Jerusalema, ho Acts 9:27; e behang tlhokomelo ea boapostola ba Jakobo pejana. Hona joale ke rata tlhaloso ea morao-rao, joalo ka ha ho ka bonahala eka ketelo ea bobeli ea Pauluse, e neng e le ka morero feela oa ho isa liphallelo ho baholo (Acts 11:28-30), e etsahetse nakong ea mahloriso a matla (Acts 12:1-25); ha esita le baapostola ba ne ba e-na le kamano e fokolang (cf. Acts 12:17). Ha ho moo ho buuoang ka kopano leha e le efe e tobileng pakeng tsa Pauluse le Jakobo kapa leha e le ofe oa baapostola nakong ea ketelo ena; e leng se ka hlalosang hore na ke hobane'ng ha Pauluse a sa bue ka eona ho Gal 1:15-24&2:1-10.)

Taelo ea Petrose ho phutheho ea ho bolela litaba tsa ho phonyoha ha hae ‘ho Jakobo le baena’ ho Acts 12:17 e fana ka maikutlo a hore e ne e le moetapele ea atlehileng oa kereke nakong eo Petrose a neng a le sieo. His preeminence is even more apparent in his role in the debate over circumcision in Acts 15:13-22, where he appears to be given the final word on the issue.

When Paul returns to Jerusalem for the last time, he appears before James, in the presence of the elders (Acts 21:18). He is the only one mentioned by name, inferring that he was the recognised leader: although it should be noted that the proposal put to Paul is clearly portrayed as a collective response. There is no mention of any of the other apostles: either their identity had been merged into that of the eldership or, more probably, they were operating in more distant regions.

2.3.4 Baapostola ba bang

We do not know precisely how many other men in the New Testament were given the title of ‘apostle’. Pauluse, ho 1 Cor 15:5-7 says that Jesus was seen by Peter, then the twelve, then by 500 baena hang-hang, joale ka James, joale ka ‘baapostola bohle’, ’me qetellong ke Pauluse ka boeena. Poleloana ‘baapostola bohle’ e kanna ea bua feela ka ba leshome le metso e 'meli hammoho le Jakobo; kapa e ka ’na ea bontša hore le pele Pauluse a sokoloha ho ne ho e-na le ba bang ba neng ba nkoa e le baapostola.

Ho Acts 14:4 & 14 re fumana Pauluse le Barnabase ka bobeli ba hlalosoa e le baapostola, ho tlisa palo ea baapostola ba tsebahalang ho 15. Pauluse o itlhalosa kamehla mangolong a hae.

Andronika le Junia (Rom 16:7) ka linako tse ling li boetse li qotsoa: empa hoa phehisana khang hore na polelo eo, ‘ea bohlokoa har’a baapostola,’ ho bolela hore bona ka bobona e ne e le baapostola kapa hore feela ba ne ba nahanoa hantle ke baapostola.

‘Moapostola’ e ne e le lentsoe le tloaelehileng la Segerike (moelelo, ‘motho ea romiloeng’, kapa 'lenqosa') eo ka nako eo e ileng ya amohelwa joalo ka sereto. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore ho na le litšupiso tse ling tse tharo tsa NT, hangata ha e fetoleloe joalo ka "moapostola", tseo le tsona li e sebelisang: John 13:15, 2 Cor 8:23 (re. Tite) le Phil 2:25 (Epafroditase). Boemong bo bong le bo bong ho tsena lentsoe lena le sebelisoa le se na lebōpi-khetho; mme ha ho na tshehetso e nngwe ya maemo re ke ke ra ba le bonnete ba hore e reretswe e le sehlooho ho ena le ho bolela feela ‘lenģosa.’ maemong ana. Ka lehlakoreng le leng la sekala, Jesu le eena o hlalosoa e le, ‘Moapostola,’ ho Heb 3:1.

2.3.5 Karolo e Fetileng?

Tlhokahalo ea pele bakeng sa ba leshome le metso e 'meli’ e ne e le hore e ka be e bile barutuoa ho tloha nakong ea kolobetso ea Johanne ho fihlela nyolohelong, e le hore e tle e be dipaki tsa Jesu’ tsoho (Acts 1:21-2). Le hoja tekanyetso ena e sa sebetse ho Jakobo, haholo ho Pauluse, ba bang ba pheha khang ea hore 1 Cor 15:5-8, kopane le 1 Cor 9:1, e bontša hore ho bona Jesu ea tsohileng bafung e ne e le ntho e hlokahalang bakeng sa boapostola. Ho tsoa ho sena ho tiisoa hore baapostola ba ne ba etselitsoe kereke ea pele feela. Leha ho le joalo, tlhaloso e joalo ke ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa. Leha mehlala ea batho ba ileng ba bitsoa baapostola kamora pheletso ea mehla ea NT ka tlhaho e ke ke ea etsahala ka mangolong, tlhahlobo e tebileng ea litemana tsena le tse ling e fana ka mabaka a utloahalang a ho belaella qeto e joalo.

Ea pele, a re shebeng hape 1 Cor 15:7-8: ‘Eaba o hlaha ho Jakobo, ebe ho baapostola bohle, mme qetellong ho bohle a iponahatsa le ho nna, joalo ka ea hlahileng ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang.’ Ha Pauluse a bolela, ‘baapostola bohle,’ ho hlakile hore ha a bolele, ‘bohle bao joale e leng baapostola,’ ke tlohele, ‘bohle ba tlang ho ba teng;’ kaha mantsoe a hae a latelang a hlakisa hore o ne a sa ikenyelle. Ka hona, ka nepo re ka sebelisa poleloana ena ho bao e neng e le baapostola feela mehleng ea Jesu’ ponahalo. 'Me haeba Pauluse o ne a ikhethile, re ke ke ra nahana hore o ne a kenyelletsa Barnabase, ya bitswang moapostola pele ka nako e le nngwe le Paulose (Acts 14:4). Kahoo ho Barnabase re na le moapostola eo ho se nang bopaki bo hlakileng ba hore o bone Kreste ea tsohileng bafung.

Tlhaloso ea Pauluse ho 1 Cor 9:1, ‘Na ha kea lokoloha? Na ha ke moapostola? Na ha ke eso bone Jesu Kreste, Morena wa rona?’ e theha letoto la lipotso tse rekoang, e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea tsona e fana ka boima ho ntlha e le 'ngoe ea motheo; e leng, ‘O na le tokelo efe ya ho nkahlola?’ (bona 1 Cor 9:3 ho ya pele). Ha ho letho mona le fanang ka maikutlo a hore o leka ho hlalosa litlhokahalo tsa boapostola. Ho seng joalo, bohlokoa ba potso ea hae ke bofe, ‘Na ha kea lokoloha?'; e leng karolo ea bohlokoa ea letoto le tšoanang?

Ho feta moo, phihlelo ea Pauluse e ne e fapane haholo le ea ba leshome le metso e ’meli le Jakobo ka hore o ile a bona pono ea Jesu ka mor’a ho nyolohela leholimong.. Batho ba ntse ba ipolela hore ba na le lipono tsa Jesu kajeno; kahoo esita le haeba phihlelo e joalo e ne e le tlhokahalo bakeng sa boapostola ho ne ho ntse ho ka ’na ha e-ba le ba ka nkiloeng. Empa bonnete ba boipolelo bo joalo bo ne bo tla ahloloa joang?

Ho ne ho batla ho le bonolo ho tseba hore na ha e le hantle ke mang ea kileng a ba le Jesu, ’me lengolo le hlakile hore ho ile ha etsoa patlisiso e loketseng ha ho khethoa Mathiase. Leha ho le joalo, tabeng ea Pauluse le Barnabase, ba bitswang baapostola feela ka mora ho romelwa Antioke (cf. Acts 13:1-3 & 14:4), ha ho tlhahiso ea ho botsa hore na ba bone Jesu kapa che. Esita le bakeng sa motho ea neng a khotsofetse ka ho feletseng ea Acts 1:21-2 tekanyetso, ho ba moapostola qetellong e ne e le taba ea khetho ea Molimo (Acts 1:23-6). Tabeng ea Pauluse le Barnabase, khatiso e ne e le ho khethoa ke Moea o Halalelang mosebetsing o itseng.

Ho bohlokoa haholo hore, athe tlhokahalo ea mantlha ho ba leshome le metso e ’meli e ne e le hore e be lipaki tsa Jesu’ tsoho (Acts 1:22), ho Acts 13:31 Pauluse le Barnabase ba qoba ka ho hlaka ho itlhalosa ka mantsoe ana; a bolokela bao ‘ba nyolohileng le eena ho tloha Galilea ho ea Jerusalema.’ Ka hona re na le sesupo se hlakileng sa hore mosebetsi oa baapostola ba morao o ile oa nkoa e le o fapaneng haholo le oa ba leshome le metso e ’meli tabeng ena..

Ho tloha mona ho bonahala eka, athe ba leshome le metso e mmedi (le ho isa tekanyong e fokolang, James) o ne a le sebakeng se ikhethang e le lipaki tse boneng ka mahlo tsa Jesu’ bophelo le tsoho, ho ile ha hlokomeloa mehleng ea Testamente e Ncha hore ho ne ho e-na le ba bang bao tšebeletso ea bona le mosebetsi oa bona ka hare ho kereke li neng li ba fa tokelo ea ho bitsoa ‘baapostola.’ Re ka ’na ra ba seli ho sebelisa tlotla ena kajeno ka lebaka la ho tšaba ho iphahamisa moeeng: empa hoo ha ho bolele hore ho ka ’na ha se ke ha e-ba le ba nang le tšebeletso e tšoanang le ea baapostola ba morao.

2.3.6 Litšobotsi tse Akaretsang tsa Moapostola

Baapostola ba ne ba bonoa e le mpho ea bosebeletsi e filoeng kereke ke Kreste (1 Cor 12:28-9 & Eph 4:11-2). E ne e le lihahi tsa kereke. Ho 1 Cor 9:2 Pauluse oa hlalosa, ‘Le hoja nka se be moapostola ho ba bang, ruri ke teng ho lona! Etsoe le tiiso ea boapostola ba ka Moreneng.’ Ho hlakile, o ile a bona kereke eo a neng a e thehile e le pontšo ea ho tšoaneleha ha hae e le moapostola.

Ba leshome le metso e mmedi ka ho hlaka ba ne ba ena le tshebeletso e phahametseng tlhaho (cf. Acts 5:12). Ho hlakile hore Pauluse o ne a nka sena e le bopaki bo hlokahalang ba boapostola; bakeng sa ho 2 Cor 12:12 o re, ‘Lintho tse tšoaeang moapostola – lipontšo, mehlolo le mehlolo – tsa etswa hara lona ka mamello e kgolo.’

Leha ho le joalo, lintho tsena feela ha li etse moapostola! Philip o ile a bula maliboho kerekeng ea Samaria ’me a ba le matšoao a latelang tšebeletso (Acts 8:5-13): empa ha ho mohla a kileng a bitsoa moapostola; joalo ka moevangeli feela (Acts 21:8). Ho utloisisa lebaka, re lokela ho ela hloko litšobotsi tse ling tse peli tsa baapostola.

Ea pele, baapostola e ne e le banna ba nang le bolaoli ba moea litabeng tsa puso ea kereke le thuto (Acts 2:42, 15:2-6, 16:4, 1 Cor 5:3-5, 2 Cor 10:2-11 & Gal 1:8-9). (Karolo ea thuto e ne e le bohlokoa haholo pele litemana tsa NT li ngoloa e le mokhoa oa ho boloka bohloeki ba evangeli le ho tseba hore na e lokela ho sebelisoa joang maemong a macha., tse kang tshokoloho ya Baditjhaba. Leha ho le joalo hlokomela hore ka nako eo, joalo ka hona joale, teko ea acid e ne e le hore na thuto leha e le efe e amana joang le lithuto tse khethehileng tsa Jesu le sehlopha se teng sa Mangolo; mme feela kamora moo ho ya dithutong tsa ba leshome le metso e mmedi le baapostola ba morao (cf. Mk 8:38, Acts 15:7-21, Gal 1:8, 2:2 & 2:14).)

Tabeng ea Filipi o ile a bolella batho evangeli: empa ho ne ho e-na le thipa tseleng ha ho tluoa tabeng ea ho ba tlisa sebakeng seo ba neng ba ka amohela matla a Moea o Halalelang. Sena ha se ya tloswa ho fihlela kereke ya Samaria e kena tlasa tshebeletso ya baapostola (Acts 8:14-25).

Joalokaha ho boletsoe pejana, moapostola e bolela ‘lenqosa,’ kapa, ‘motho ea romiloeng.’ Leha ho se pelaelo hore Moya o Halalelang o ne o ena le Filipi, o ne a sa fuoa matla a khethehileng a tsoang ho kereke a ho bolela evangeli Samaria. Hakalo, o ne a ena le tlotso; empa e ne e se matla a ho laela a hlokahalang ho theha kereke.

Ntho ea bobeli ea bohlokoa e ikhethang lipakeng tsa motho ea jalang kereke le moapostola e bonahala e le thomo e khethehileng ea Moea o Halalelang ho etsa mosebetsi ona.. Joalo ka Filipi, ba hlomileng kereke ya Antioke (Acts 11:19-21) ha ho moo ho thoeng ke baapostola. Le hoja kereke e ile ea tlisoa tlas’a bolaoli ba baapostola ka ho romela Barnabase e le moemeli oa bona (Acts 11:22-4), mona kapa pejana Luka ha a hlalose Barnabase e le moapostola; feela joaloka ‘monna ea molemo, ba tletse Moea o Halalelang le tumelo’. Leha ele morao haholo Acts 13:1 o mpa a mo beha har’a ‘baprofeta le mesuoe.’ Empa kamora hore Paulose le Barnabase ba rongwe ke kereke ya Antioke ka taelo ya Moya o Halalelang o qala ho ba bitsa baapostola ka bobedi. (Acts 14:4).

Hlokomela hore hase taba ea hore baapostola ba Jerusalema ba laetse kereke ea Antioke hore e hahamalle ka tsela ena.; hape ha ho na bopaki ba hore ho na le motho ea neng a se a ntse a nkoa e le moapostola. Ena e ne e le bohato ba Moea o Halalelang (Acts 13:2 & 4) seo se ile sa amoheloa le ho lumelloa ke kereke ea sebaka seo (Acts 13:3 & 14:26-7). Le hoja bolaoli ba moea bo itšetlehile bonyane ka karolo ea boteng ba likamano tse nepahetseng le balaoli ba bang ba khethiloeng ke Molimo ka hare ho kereke: pitso ea boapostola ha e le hantle ke pitso ea Molimo, joalokaha Pauluse ka boeena a hatisa ho Ba-Gal 1:1.

Hape ho ka hlokomeloa hore baapostola bohle ba ne ba e-na le bosebeletsi ba libakeng tse ling; ho ameha ka ho thehwa kapa ho okamela dikereke tse fetang bonngwe. Sena se ne se sa bolele hore ba ne ba tsamaea haholo: re bolelloa hore e ne e le balumeli ba tloaelehileng, eseng baapostola, ba neng ba ikarabella bakeng sa ho phatloha ha pele ka ntle ha kereke ho tsoa Jerusalema (Acts 8:1-4). Ho bonahala eka Jakobo o ne a qetile boholo ba nako ea hae a le Jerusalema: empa lengolo la hae le bontša kameho ea hae bakeng sa lepheo lohle la Bajode la kereke (Jas 1:1).

Tlhaloso ea Pauluse ho 1 Cor 9:2 , ‘Le hoja nka se be moapostola ho ba bang, ruri ke teng ho lona!’ ea thahasellisa, kaha e bontša hore Pauluse o ne a talima boapostola ka tsela e lekanyelitsoeng. Monna a ka ’na a se ke a talingoa e le moapostola ke kereke ka kakaretso; empa leha ho le jwalo o be moapostola karolong e nngwe ya yona. Re bona mohopolo ona hape ho Gal 2:6-9 moo Pauluse a bonang, 'Ho Molimo, ya neng a sebetsa tshebeletsong ya Petrose e le moapostola ho Bajuda, ke ne ke boetse ke sebetsa tšebeletsong ea ka ke le moapostola oa Balichaba.’ Ho bonahala eka ho na le likhato tsa boapostola, ho tloha kerekeng ya lehae ho isa lefatsheng ka bophara. Haeba ho joalo, re lokela ho ba hlokolosi haholo ho sebelisa lentsoe lena kajeno, ha feela re le hlokolosi ho hlalosa mefokolo ea litšebeletso tse joalo mme re se ke ra lumella sehlooho hore e be mokhoa oa ho ikotla sefuba.?

(Khutlela ho litaba / Tsoela pele ho bala)