Corroboration tloha Non-Christian Mehlodi

lemoha ka kopo! Leqephe lena le fana ka kakaretso e khuts'oane ea lintlha tse fumanehang. Tobetsa lihokelo tse fanoeng bakeng sa lintlha tse ling. Tsena li kenyelletsa bopaki ba bonnete le mantsoe a qotsitsoeng ka botlalo.

1. Re lokela ho lebella ho fumana eng?

Hopola hore joale re sheba mehloli eo e seng ea Bokreste. Ke mofuta ofe oa bopaki ba histori boo re lokelang ho bo sheba? E bolela hore Jesu e ne e le Mesia, kapa hore o tsohile bafung? Ka sebele ha ho joalo! Batho bao e seng Bakreste ba ne ba ke ke ba e amohela. E ne e hanana le Bajuda, Likhopolo tsa Roma le tsa Bagerike. Kahoo re lebeletse hore bangoli bao e seng Bakreste e tla ba ba sa amoheleheng.

Ke litemana tse seng kae tsa lefatše tse ntseng li le teng ho tloha mehleng ea Jesu. Kahoo re tlameha ho itšetleha ka mehloli e tsoang kapele ka mor'a Jesu. Tse ling tsa litemana tsena li bua ka Jesu. Ke ba seng bakae feela. Empa palo ea tsona e ntse e lebeletsoe. 'Me lintho tseo ba li buang ha li babatsehe.

Tacitus le Josephus ke ba babeli ba molemo ka ho fetisisa. Litemana li nkoa e le tsa 'nete. Bangoli ka bobeli ba tsejoa ka ho hlahloba lintlha tsa bona ka hloko.

Nakong e fetileng ho ne ho e-na le mehloli e meng. Likhopolo tsa bona li tšohloa ke bangoli ba morao ba Bakreste. Empa litemana tsa pele li lahlehile.

Tsena tsohle li tšohloa ka bokhutšoanyane ka tlase. Hape re tla tšohla mehloli e meng ea morao-rao ea lefatše le ea Sejuda.

2. Tacitus.

Tacitus e ne e le rahistori oa Moroma le sebui sa phatlalatsa ea phetseng ho tloha hoo e ka bang 55-120CE. O tsejoa e le e mong oa bo-rahistori ba hloahloa ba mehleng eo. O bua ka Mollo oa Roma ka 64CE. Ebe o bolela sena:

“Consequently, to get rid of the report, Nero fastened the guilt and inflicted the most exquisite tortures on a class hated for their abominations, called Christians by the populace. Christus, from whom the name had its origin, suffered the extreme penalty during the reign of Tiberius at the hands of one of our procurators, Pontius Pilatus, and a most mischievous superstition, thus checked for the moment, again broke out not only in Judaea, the first source of the evil, but even in Rome, where all things hideous and shameful from every part of the world find their centre and become popular.” (Annals 15.44.)

“Nero o ne a batla ho khutsisa puo ena. Kahoo a qosa sehlopha se bitsitsoeng “Bakreste”. O ile a laela hore ba hlokofatsoe. Batho ba ne ba hloile Bakreste ka lebaka la mekhoa ea bona e nyonyehang. Lebitso la bona le tsoa ho ‘Kreste.’ Monna enoa o ile a bolaoa nakong ea puso ea Tiberiuse. Sena se ne se laetsoe ke Ponse Pilato, 'Musisi. Litumela-khoela tse senyang li ile tsa emisa ka nakoana: empa yaba e qala hape. Empa eseng feela moo e qalileng teng Judea. Hona joale le Roma. Mekhoa e mengata e nyarosang e hlabisang lihlong e tsoang lefats'eng ka bophara e phallela motseng ona. Mme ba fetoha botumo.”

3. Flavius ​​Josephus.

Flavius ​​Josephus o hlahile ka 37 CE. O ne a tsoa lelapeng la Bajuda la baprista. O ile a bolela esale pele hore Vespasian e ne e tla ba Moemphera oa Roma. Kahoo o ile a tšoana le mora oa Vespasian ’me a bitsoa Flavius. Libukeng tsa hae o bua ka Jakobo eo e neng e le Jesu’ moena. O boetse o bua ka Johanne Mokolobetsi. Empa e tsebahalang haholo ke “Testimonium Flavianum“ (Bopaki ba Flavius). Sena se bua ka Jesu ka boeena. Litsebi tse ngata lia lumela hore likarolo tse ling tsa temana ena li ile tsa lokisoa ke mohlalosi oa Mokreste. Empa re ka tlosa ka ho feletseng likarolo tse belaetsang. Hoo e ka bang setsebi se seng le se seng sea lumela hore taba e setseng e ngotsoe ke Josephus. Mme e baleha tjena:

“At this time there was Jesus, a wise man. For he was one who performed (surprising / wonderful) works, and a teacher of people who received the (truth / unusual) with pleasure. He stirred up both many Jews and many Greeks. And when Pilate condemned him to the cross, since he was accused by the leading men among us, those who had loved him from the first did not desist. And until now the tribe of Christians, so named from him, is not extinct.”

“Ka nako ena ho ne ho ena le Jesu. E ne e le monna ya bohlale. O ile a etsa lintho tse makatsang. O ile a ruta mofuta oa motho ea ratang likhopolo tse ncha. Jesu a susumetsa Bajuda ba bangata le Bagerike ba bangata. Pilato o ile a ahlolela Jesu ho shoela sefapanong. Sena e ne e le ka lebaka la liqoso tse mo qosang ke baetapele ba rona. Empa ba neng ba mo rata ho tloha qalong ha baa ka ba khaotsa. Mme ho fihlela jwale leloko la Bakreste, e reheletsoeng ka eena, ha e ea fela.”

4. Lintlha tse qotsitsoeng libukeng tse lahlehileng.

Baetapele ba Bakreste lekholong la bobeli le la boraro la lilemo ka linako tse ling ba bitsoa ‘Bontate ba Kereke ea Pele’.. Hangata ba qotsa mangolong a pejana. Empa lingoliloeng tse ling tsa pejana li se li lahlehile. Kahoo re tseba feela seo litemana li re bolellang sona. Mehlala ke:

• Lengolo le ngotsoeng ke Justin Martyr ’me la romeloa ho ’Musi oa Roma Antonius. O bua ka tlaleho ea molao ea ‘Liketso tsa Ponse Pilato’. O re tokomane ena e tiisa hore Jesu o ile a etsa mehlolo. Hape e tiisa hore na Jesu o shoele joang.
• Ho ne ho e-na le rahistori ea bitsoang ‘Thallus‘. O phetse lekholong la pele la lilemo. Ha Jesu a eshwa, leholimo la fifala. 'Thalose’ e boletse hore ke phifalo ea letsatsi. Julius Africanus o tlaleha khopolo ena. Empa Julius o ile a hlalosa hore na ke hobane’ng ha e fosahetse.
• Phelegon e ne e le rahistori ea phetseng lekholong la bobeli la lilemo. Julius Africanus o bua ka eena. Setsebi sa thuto ea bolumeli Origen le eena o bua ka eena. Phlegon e boetse e hlalosa lefifi le sa tloaelehang le tšisinyeho e khōlō ea lefatše. Phlegon o ile a lumela hore Jesu o ile a bolela esale pele liketsahalo tse tlang.

5. Mehloli e meng ea pele ea graeco-Roma.

Pliny e monyenyane e ne e busa Bythinia ka 112CE. O ngolla Moemphera Trajan lengolo. Re na le kopi e felletseng ea lengolo la Pliny. Re boetse re na le karabo ea Moemphera. Bakreste baa hlorisoa. Pliny o bolaile ba bang ba bona. O a botsa: “Ha motho a latola Jesu – ke etseng?” Batho ba bangata ba fetohile Bakreste. Kahoo o tšoenyehile.

Lucian e ne e le sengoli se somang sa Samosata. Ka 170CE o ile a ngola ka monna ea bitsoang Peregrinus. Peregrinus e ne e le mothetsi. Ka nako e telele o ile a iketsa eka ke Mokreste. Bakreste ba ne ba e-na le tšepo ba bile ba fana ka seatla se bulehileng. O ne a le meharo: kahoo a rua ka litšenyehelo tsa bona. “Batho bana baa ithetsa, oa bona. Ba kholisehile hore ba tla phela ka ho sa feleng. Sena se hlalosa nyeliso ea bona ea lefu. 'Me hangata ba ithaopela ho itela molemong oa ba bang. … ho tloha ha ba ‘sokoloha’, ba latola medimo ya Gerika, ba rapela ‘ea bohlale’ ya thakgisitsweng, le ho phela ka ditaelo tsa hae, kaofela ke bana ba motho.”

6. Lingoliloeng tsa Rabbinic.

Bo-rabi ba Bajuda ba ile ba ngola litlhaloso tse ling tse nyelisang haholo ka Jesu. Bakreste ba ile ba khopisoa. Rea tseba hore palo ea litlhaloso tsena e lahlehile. Empa litsebi tse ngata lia lumela hore lipolelo tse ling tsa khale haholo li ntse li le teng. Bontsi jwa bakanoki ba Bakeresete le Bajuda ba lemoga se se latelang:

• Tlhaloso ea ho bolaoa ha Jesu. (‘Talmud ea Babylona’, b.San. 43a.) Sena se ngotsoe mehleng ea Matannaitic. (70-200CE).
• Puisano pakeng tsa morutuoa oa Jesu le Rabi oa Mojuda, (60-95CE). (‘Talmud ea Babylona’, Abodah Zarah 165, 17a.)/('Tosefta', Hullin 2.24.) E ngotsoe mehleng ea Tannaitic.
• Ka linako tse ling batho ba ne ba sa bue ka Jesu’ Lebitso. Ho e-na le hoo ba bua lintho tse kang tsena: “Motho eo ke mora matšeo oa mosali oa sehlola.” ('Mishna', Yebamoth 4.13.) Sebui se phetse hoo e ka bang 100CE.
• Ka linako tse ling Jesu o hlalosoa e le “Jesu, mora oa Pantera“. (Ba bang ba re ‘Pantera’ e ne e le lebitso la ntate-moholo. Ba bang ba re ‘Pantera’ e ne e le lesole la Roma. Ba bang ba re ke motlae ka Jesu’ tsoalo ea moroetsana.) Pale e 'ngoe e bua ka Rabi ea ileng a longoa ke noha. Monna e mong o re a ka folisa Rabi. Empa a ka e etsa feela ka lebitso la Jesu. (‘Talmud ea Babylona’, Abodah Zarah 27b. E boetse e fumaneha ho 4 libaka tse ling.) Sena se tlameha ebe se etsahetse pele ho 132CE.

7. Lintlha tse ka netefatsoang.

Litemana tsa Bokreste li kenyelletsa histori e ngata, litaba tsa setso le tsa lehae. Ka 150CE maemo a Iseraele a ne a fapane haholo. Bakreste ba bangata ba ne ba ke ke ba tseba ka maemo a mehleng ea Jesu. Kahoo re ka hlahloba bonnete ba litaba. Re se re buisane ka taba ena.

Qetello

Re ile ra hlalosa hore bangoli bao e seng Bakreste ba tla be ba sa babatse. Ke sona hantle seo re se fumanang.

Empa lingoliloeng tsena li tiisa lintlha tse ngata tsa bohlokoa. Josephus le Tacitus ke bo-rahistori ba babeli ba hloahloa. Re na le bangoli ba bang bao e seng Bakreste ba lekholong la pele le la bobeli la lilemo. Kaofela li tiisa linnete tsa bohlokoa tsa histori mabapi le bophelo le lefu la Jesu. Li re bolella mabitso a batho ba mehleng ea hae. Ba bua ka kereke eo Jesu a e qadileng. Bo-rabi ba Bajuda ba ile ba qosa Jesu ka boselamose. Baa lumela hore Jesu o ile a etsa mehlolo.

Ho na le ntho e 'ngoe hape e hlahang libukeng tsena le tse ling tse ileng tsa latela hamorao. Ka makholo a mangata a lilemo, Jesu’ lira ha lia ka tsa latola linnete tsa histori. Likosepele li ile tsa hlalosa hantle hore na Jesu o hlahetse hokae le hore na o shoele neng. Ba re liofisiri tsa ’muso li bolaile monna ea se nang molato ka boomo. Ba bile ba re bolella le mabitso a ba neng ba ikarabella. Jesu’ lira ha li latole lintho tsena. Sebakeng seo, ba re Jesu e ne e le moferefere. Ho joalo le ka Jesu’ batho ba mehleng ena ba lumela hore Jesu e ne e le motho oa sebele oa histori? Ho hlakile, ba ile ba etsa joalo.

Bangoli ba pele bao e seng Bakreste ha ba bue ka Jesu ka seoelo. Sena ke seo re neng re se lebeletse. Empa ho na le tse lekaneng. Ba bua lintho tseo re neng re lebeletse hore ba li bue. Li tsoa mehloling e netefalitsoeng hantle. ’Me li tiisa bonnete ba histori ea Jesu ntle ho pelaelo leha e le efe e utloahalang. Boiteko ba ho latola boteng ba histori ea Jesu ke ba morao tjena. Lipolelo tse joalo li fumana tšehetso e fokolang haholo har’a bo-rahistori.