Kutanthauziranso Eschatology Yachiyuda

Monga momwe tafotokozera mu gawo lapitalo, pamene Yesu anayamba utumiki wake mfundo zotsatirazi zinali zitakhazikitsidwa kale m’malingaliro achiyuda; ngakhale chikhalidwe chawo chenicheni ngakhale kukhalapo kwawo, inapitiriza kukhala nkhani ya mkangano waukulu:

• Sheol - Malo a Akufa.
• Chifuwa cha Abrahamu - malo omwe Ayuda olungama akanayembekezera chiukiriro chawo.
• Gehenna - Malo a chilango Chaumulungu, kutsatiridwa mwina ndi chiukiriro, kapena
• Imfa Yachiwiri - chiwonongeko kapena chikhalidwe cha imfa yamuyaya.

Mawu amenewa anagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzitsa Yesu ndi atumwi ake, ndi kupita ku Chipangano Chatsopano cha Chigriki: koma owerenga azindikire kuti matanthauzo awo a Chipangano Chatsopano ndi amene amatanthauzidwa ndi Yesu; ndipo mbali zina zimasiyana kwambiri ndi anzawo achiyuda. Mabaibulo ena akale achingelezi, monga 'Authorised’ (kapena 'King James') Baibulo, sanakonde kusunga mayina achiyuda a ‘Sheol‘ ndi ‘Gehenna‘ - m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito mawu omwewo, ‘gehena,’ onse awiri - pamene omasulira ambiri a Chingelezi amakono amakhalabe ndi mayina achiyuda. Njira zonsezi zili ndi mavuto ake, monga owerenga amakonda kutanthauzira mawu awa motengera Chiyuda, Miyambo ya Agiriki ndi miyambo ina imene ingakhale yosiyana kwambiri ndi zimene Yesu anaphunzitsa.

Kotero ife tiyamba ndi kuyang'ana kwa Yesu’ chithandizo cha maphunziro awa…

Sheol ndi Chifuwa cha Abrahamu

M’fanizo la munthu wolemera ndi Lazaro, Yesu akulankhula za Sheol (Chigirikila: ‘Hades').

Zinachitika kuti wopemphayo anamwalira, ndi kuti anatengedwa ndi angelo kunka ku chifuwa cha Abrahamu. Munthu wachuma uja adafanso, ndipo anaikidwa m’manda. Ku Hade, adakweza maso ake, kukhala m’mazunzo (G931), ndipo anawona Abrahamu patali, ndi Lazaro pa chifuwa chake. Analira nati, ‘Atate Abrahamu, mundichitire ine chifundo, ndi kutumiza Lazaro, kuti abviyike nsonga ya chala chake m’madzi, ndi kuziziritsa lilime langa! Pakuti ndikumva zowawa; (G3600) mu moto uwu (G5395).’ “Koma Abrahamu anati, ‘Mwana, kukumbukira kuti, m'moyo wanu, adalandira zinthu zanu zabwino, ndi Lazaro, momwemonso, zinthu zoipa. Koma tsopano iye atonthozedwa pano, ndipo iwe ukuzunzidwadi (G3600). Kupatula izi zonse, Pakati pathu ndi inu Pakhazikika phompho lalikulu, kuti iwo amene akufuna kuoloka kuchokera kuno kudza kwa inu sangathe, ndi kuti asaoloke wina kuchokera kumeneko kudza kwa ife.’ “Adatero, ‘Chotero ndikufunsani, bambo, kuti mumtumize ku nyumba ya atate wanga; pakuti ndiri nawo abale asanu, kuti achite umboni kwa iwo, kotero kuti iwonso sadzalowa m’malo ano a mazunzo (G931).’ “Koma Abrahamu anati kwa iye, ‘Ali ndi Mose ndi aneneri. Aloleni iwo amvetsere kwa iwo.’ “Adatero, ‘Ayi, bambo Abrahamu, koma ngati wina apita kwa iwo wochokera kwa akufa, adzalapa.’ “Iye adati kwa iye, ‘Ngati samvera Mose ndi aneneri, ndipo sadzakopeka ngati wina auka kwa akufa.’ ” (Lk 16:22-31)

Taonani mfundo zotsatirazi:

• Abale ake a munthu wolemera akadali ndi moyo; Choncho Yesu akufotokoza zimene zidzachitikira munthu atangomwalira, osati zimene zidzachitike pa chiweruzo chomaliza cha dziko lonse..
• Sikuti aliyense amapita ku Hade. Timauzidwa kuti Lazaro, amene wachitiridwa zoipa m’moyo, atengedwa ku ‘chifuwa cha Abrahamu,’ kumene atonthozedwa.
• Koma zosiyana za anthu awiriwa, ngakhale chiweruzo chomaliza cha Mulungu chisanachitike, chimavumbula chinthu chofunika kwambiri chokhudza khalidwe la Mulungu. Safuna kuti zinthu zopanda chilungamo za m’dzikoli zipitirire nthawi yotalikirapo; choncho, ngakhale chiweruzo chake chomaliza chisanaperekedwe, wayamba kutonthoza wozunzika ndi kubwezera chilango kwa olakwa.
• Kodi zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti aliyense amene anachitiridwa nkhanza m’moyo amachoka ku Hade? Kapena Lazaro adatengedwa kupita ku chifuwa cha Abrahamu chifukwa, ngakhale zonse, anakhalabe Myuda wopembedza? Palibe funso lomwe limayankhidwa momveka bwino; chifukwa iyi si mfundo yeniyeni ya fanizoli.
• Nkhani yaikulu ndi yakuti munthu wolemerayo ankakhala m’makhalidwe apamwamba osaganizira zofuna za anthu amene anali naye pafupi.. Izi zinali ngakhale zinali choncho Myuda aliyense anali ataphunzitsidwa kuyambira ali mwana kuti khalidwe loterolo linali losavomerezeka kwa Mulungu.¹ Mkangano wa munthu wolemerayo unali, ‘Koma ndithudi, ngati anthu ankadziwadi kuti zimene Baibulo limaphunzitsa n’zoona, pamenepo iwo adzachita chinthu choyenera.’ Koma Yesu akutiuza kuti yankho linali kuti palibe umboni wochuluka umene udzathetse vutoli ngati anthu sakufuna kwenikweni kumvetsera. Yang'anani mosamala mfundo iyi. Tidzabweranso kwa izo pambuyo pake.

M'ndime yomwe yatchulidwa pamwambapa muwona kuti mawu ena akutsatiridwa ndi manambala m'mabulaketi omwe amayamba ndi 'G'. Izi zimatchedwa “Nambala za Strong.”² Omwe ali ndi 'G’ mawu oyamba amagwiritsiridwa ntchito kuzindikiritsa mawu enieni m’malemba Achigiriki, mosasamala kanthu kuti amamasuliridwa motani. Ndikufuna kukopa chidwi chanu 3 mawu ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'mawu awa:

• kuwawa (G3600). Mawu awa amapezeka 4 nthawi mu N.T. ndipo m’malemba a Luka okha; kawiri pano, kuphatikiza Lk 2:48 ndi Acts 20:38. Mu milandu iwiri yotsiriza, mawu apatsogolo ndi apambuyo akusonyeza kuti Luka akugwiritsa ntchito liwulo m’lingaliro la kupsinjika maganizo, kapena chisoni, osati kupweteka kwakuthupi. Izi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi kupenda kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa liwu lomweli m’matembenuzidwe Achigiriki a Septuagint a Chipangano Chakale.
• kuzunza (G931). Izi zimapezeka kokha 3 nthawi mu N.T.; kawiri m’fanizo ili (Lk 16:23,28) ndi mu Mt 4:24. Yotsirizirayi imachitika pofotokoza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zovuta za anthu – matenda, kugwidwa ndi 'mazunzo', kugwidwa ndi ziwanda, misala ndi ziwalo. Pali 11 zitsanzo zina za liwu limeneli kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu Septuagint O.T.: 4 nthawi mu 1Samuel 6:3-17 kutanthauza ‘nsembe yopalamula’ zopangidwa ndi Afilisti; mu Ezekiel 3:20 & 7:19 amamasulira liwu Lachihebri kuti ‘chokhumudwitsa’; mu Ezekiel 12:18 Chihebri chotanthauza kunjenjemera kapena kunjenjemera; ndi mu Ezekiel 16:52,54 & 32:24,30 chifukwa cha manyazi kapena manyazi. Zitsanzo zonse za Septuagint zimanena za lingaliro la anthu kubweretsedwa ku chilango chokhudza kulakwa kwawo ndi manyazi.. Izi zimamvekanso bwino m'nkhani ya fanizoli; komanso mu Mt 4:24, monga kuwawa kosathetsedwa, Kudziimba mlandu ndi manyazi zadziwika kwa nthawi yaitali kuti ndizo zimayambitsa matenda ambiri a maganizo ndi thupi (e.g. Pro 17:22). N'zoonekeratu, Palibe chilichonse mwa zochitikazi chomwe chinali chosangalatsa ndipo nthawi zina chingakhale chopweteka kwambiri m'thupi: koma, monga ndi zowawa, sindilo tanthauzo lenileni la mawu awa.
• lawi (G5395). Mawu amenewa amatanthauza kuwala kwa kuwala. Nthawi zambiri amatanthauza lawi la moto; ngakhale osati kwenikweni lawi lenileni. (Mu Septuagint kumasulira kwa Judges 3:22 limamasuliranso Chihebri kutanthauza mpeni wopukutidwa kwambiri: ngakhale izi ndi zachilendo.) N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mawuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito 7 nthawi mu N.T.; ndi mu zonse 6 Nthawi zina zimatsimikiziridwa momveka bwino ndi mawu, ‘moto’ - ngakhale mu 4 mwa izi (Heb 1:7; Rev 1:14; 2:18 & 19:12) kumawoneka ngati kufanizitsa kowoneka kapena kofananira. Koma mu ndime iyi (mosasamala kanthu za zimene Mabaibulo ena amanena) ‘moto’ sichikutchulidwa - kutentha ndi ludzu lokha. Kotero pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zomveka zotsutsa kuti lawi lamoto pano lingakhale lopanda thupi, monga kutentha kwa moto ndi kuwala kwa chiyero cha Mulungu, kuvumbulutsa tchimo ndi manyazi a munthuyo (kuwona Jn 3:19-20).

Koma kumbukirani kuti zimene tikuchita pano ndi nyengo ya chiweruzo chomaliza cha Mulungu chisanachitike. Ndiye kodi Yesu ananena chiyani pa zimene zinachitika pambuyo pake?

Gehena

Ife tatero kale adazindikira kuti pofika m’zaka za zana loyamba BC chinali chizoloŵezi cha Chiyuda kutsagana ndi kuŵerengedwa kwapoyera kwa malemba Achihebri ndi kufotokozera vesi ndi vesi m’Chiaramu.. The ‘Targum Jonathan‘³ imapereka matembenuzidwe ovomerezeka a mabuku ambiri aulosi. Izi nzofunika kwambiri makamaka ponena za vesi lomaliza la Yesaya:

“Iwo adzatuluka, ndipo taona mitembo ya anthu amene andilakwira: pakuti mphutsi zao sizidzafa, ngakhale moto wawo sudzazimitsidwa; ndipo adzakhala onyansa kwa anthu onse.” (Isa 66:24)

Targum amamasulira izi ngati:

Ndipo adzatuluka, ndipo yang’anani mitembo ya anthu, ochimwa, amene anapandukira Mawu anga: pakuti miyoyo yawo sidzafa, ndipo moto wawo sudzazimitsidwa; ndipo oipa adzaweruzidwa ku Gehena, Kufikira olungama adzanena za iwo, tawona mokwanira.

Mawu odabwitsa kwambiri, ‘mphutsi’ limamasuliridwa kuti ‘miyoyo,’ potero kusonyeza kuti ‘miyoyo’ osafa; ndi mawu ofotokozera, ‘ oipa adzaweruzidwa Gehenna‘ iwonjezedwa. Pomaliza, mawu omalizira asinthidwa kutanthauza kuti chilangocho ndi cha nthawi yochepa. Monga tanena kale, Mwambo wamakono wachiyuda umakhala ndi lingaliro lakuti nthawi yochuluka yothera mu Gehenna palibe kuposa 12 miyezi.

Komabe, Marko analemba za Yesu akutchulanso ulosi womwewu wa Yesaya:

Ngati dzanja lako limakupunthwitsa, iduleni. Ndi bwino kuti ukalowe m’moyo wopunduka, osati kukhala ndi manja anu awiri ndi kulowa m’Gehena, mu zosazimitsidwa (G762) moto (G4442), ‘kumene mphutsi yawo (G4663) osafa (G5053), ndi moto (G4442) sichizimitsidwa (G4570).’ Ngati phazi lako limakupunthwitsa, iduleni. nkwabwino kwa iwe kulowa m’moyo wopunduka dzanja, osati kukhala ndi mapazi ako awiri kuponyedwa ku Gehena, kumoto (G4442) chimene sichidzazimitsidwa (G762) – ‘kumene mphutsi yawo (G4663) osafa (G5053), ndi moto (G4442) sichizimitsidwa (G4570).’ Ngati diso lako limakupunthwitsa, aponyeni kunja. Ndi bwino kuti ukalowe mu ufumu wa Mulungu ndi diso limodzi, koposa kukhala ndi maso awiri kuponyedwa m’Gehena wamoto (G4442), ‘kumene mphutsi yawo (G4663) osafa (G5053), ndi moto (G4442) sichizimitsidwa (G4570).’ (Mar 9:43-48)

Ophunzira a Yesu sanali akatswiri achiheberi (Acts 4:13); ndipo chotero mwina angakhale odziŵa bwino mawu a Targum kuposa Chihebri choyambirira. koma, kupatula kutsimikizira kuti akufotokoza ‘Gehenna,’ Yesu amatsatira mawu oyambirira a Yesaya, ‘mphutsi yawo siifa, ndipo moto suzimitsidwa.’ Wasiyanso mapeto a vesilo; osakambirana maganizo a ena: koma osayesa kunena kuti pali malire pa nthawi yake.

Kuyang'ana matanthauzo a mawu olembedwa, tikhoza kuzindikira zotsatirazi:

• moto (G4442). Ili ndilo liwu lachigriki lachigriki lotanthauza pafupifupi mtundu uliwonse wa moto, ndipo nthawi zonse zimamveka mwanjira imeneyo pokhapokha zitasinthidwa ndi nkhani yake (e.g. ‘moto wochokera kumwamba’ akhoza kutanthauziridwa ngati 'mphezi').
• wosazimitsidwa (G762) nazimitsidwa(G4570). G762 ndi adjective yotsutsa yopangidwa kuchokera ku verebu, G4570 ; chotero m’zochitika zonsezi Yesu akugogomezera kuti mkhalidwe wa motowo ndi woti sungathe kuzimitsidwa. Kutsindika kobwerezabwereza koteroko kumamveketsa bwino lomwe kuti Yesu akufuna kuti tidziŵe kuti moto umenewu ndi wauzimu ndi wamuyaya m’chilengedwe.. (Ndipo kuchita mantha kwambiri, monga momwe zikusonyezedwera ndi njira zazikulu zopeŵera zomwe Yesu mwiniyo akupereka.)
• nyongolotsi (G4663). Liwu Lachigiriki logwiritsiridwa ntchito pano ndi m’matembenuzidwe a Septuagint a Is 66:24 akhoza kumasuliridwa kuti ‘maggot,’ 'gulu’ kapena ‘mphutsi:’ si ‘moyo.’ Koma ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti, Chihebri choyambirira cha Is 66:24, m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito mawu oti grub, mphutsi kapena nyongolotsi (H7415), amagwiritsa ntchito mawu achindunji: “tole’ah” (H8438). Izi zimamasulira ngati dzina la mtundu wina wa grub ('crimson grub', Kermes (or coccus) ilicis) kapena woturuka m'menemo, wonyezimira, kapena kapezi. Popeza G4663 ndi mawu oti 'grub’ zikuwonekeratu kuti ndiye gwero lomwe, osati mtundu chabe, ndicho cholinga. Koma dzina lachihebri lachihebri limasonyeza kachirombo kamene kamakonda kudya mitundu ina ya mitengo ya thundu, m'malo mwa thupi lovunda. Yaikazi imadziphatika kumitengo ya thundu kapena masamba, kupanga chooneka ngati ndulu yofiira yotupa; thupi lake limagwira ntchito ngati chishango chamoyo kwa ana ake mpaka ataswa ndipo potsirizira pake amadya mayiyo. Utoto wofiyira wotulutsidwa ndi mayiyo ndi wamphamvu kwambiri moti umakongoletsa masamba, tinthambi tating'ono ndi nsonga; zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa ndikuziuma.
• kufa (G5053). Mu zina zonse za 12 N.T. Zochitika izi zimasonyeza kufa kwachilengedwe: ngakhale kuti mwina lingagwiritsidwe ntchito pano mophiphiritsa; makamaka ngati atanthauzidwa kuti akuimira kulakwa kwa tchimo losakhululukidwa.

Koma zindikirani zimenezo, monga momwe moto ukusonyezedwera kukhala wosatha, Momwemonso ndi chithunzi chonyansa chazipatso zofiira za magazi zomwe zikuphimba zotsalira za olakwa. Ndipo sitiuzidwa mmene angapirire popanda mafuta owonjezera kapena chakudya. Ife tikudziwa kuti Mose’ chitsamba chinapsa osapsa. Koma kodi magrubs awa ayenera kudya chiyani? Tibwereranso ku funso ili kenako.

Chifukwa chokwanira, Nditchula mwachidule ndime zotsatirazi:

• Mat 18:6-9 zikuwoneka ngati chidule cha dialog yofanana ndi Mark 9:43-48. Uku ndi pafupifupi kumasulira kodziyimira pawokha kwa zokambirana zomwezo. Nkhani yake (kupangitsa ana kusokera) ndi chimodzimodzi, monga vesi (Isa 66:24) zomwe Yesu ananena. koma, kumene Mark 9:43,45 amalankhula za, ‘moto umene sudzazimitsidwa,’ Mateyu akuchitcha ‘chosatha (G166) moto'. Mawu achi Greek awa ‘aionios‘ kaŵirikaŵiri amatembenuzidwa kuti ‘wamuyaya’ kapena ‘kwamuyaya:’ koma ena amatsutsa kuti iyenera kuperekedwa, 'aeonia’ kapena, ‘kwa nthawi ya zaka.’ Tikambirana izi mwatsatanetsatane posachedwa.
• Mat 5:29-30 ndi chidule chofupikitsidwa cha pamwamba: koma zopezeka mu ulaliki wa pa phiri.
• Mat 23:33 anatchula Yesu’ mawu kwa alembi ndi Afarisi: ‘Njoka inu, obadwa inu a njoka, mudzathawa bwanji chiweruzo (G2920) wa Gehena?’ Mawu achi Greek awa ‘krisis,’ zimasonyeza kuti Gehena ndi malo ochitira chilungamo; ndipo Yesu akufotokoza momveka bwino kuti Chiyuda chawo ndi kudzinenera kwawo zabwino sikungawalole kuti akhululukidwe ku chilango chake..

Imfa Yachiwiri

“Musamaope amene akupha (G615) thupi, koma sangathe kupha (G615) moyo. Ngakhale, muope iye wokhoza kuononga (G622) moyo ndi thupi ku Gehena.” (Mat 10:28)

Ngakhale kuti Yesu sanagwiritse ntchito mawuwo mwachindunji, ‘imfa yachiwiri,’ pa nthawi ya utumiki wake wa padziko lapansi, zomwe zili pamwambazi zikusonyeza kuti, m’maganizo mwake, izi zinali zogwirizana ndi chilango cha Gehena. G615, ‘apokteino,’ kawirikawiri amatanthauza ‘kupha’ kapena, zambiri kwenikweni, ‘kuchotsa mwa kuchotsa moyo;’ ngakhale osati m’lingaliro la kuwononga chirichonse chotsalira. koma G622, ‘apollumi,’ amatanthauza ‘kuchotsa mwa kuchita chiwonongeko.’ Apanso, tikambirana izi mwatsatanetsatane pambuyo pake.

Chisoni Chowawa mu Moto wa Mdima Wakunja

Taonani mawu otsatirawa a Yesu otchulidwa ndi Mateyu ndi Luka:

Mat 8:11-12 Ine ndikukuuzani kuti ambiri adzachokera kum’mawa ndi kumadzulo, ndipo adzakhala pansi ndi Abrahamu, Isaki, ndi Yakobo mu Ufumu wa Kumwamba, koma ana a Ufumu adzatayidwa kunja (G1544) kulowa kunja (G1857) mdima (G4655). Apo (G1563) kudzakhala kulira ndi kukukuta mano.

Luk 13:28 Apo (G1563) kudzakhala kulira ndi kukukuta mano, pamene mudzawona Abrahamu, ndi Isaki, ndi Yakobo, ndi aneneri onse, mu ufumu wa Mulungu, ndipo inu nokha mumakankha (G1544) kunja (G1854).

Yesu akulankhula ndi Ayuda, anachokera mwa Abrahamu, Isake ndi Yakobo; amene masomphenya ake amtsogolo anali a kubwera komaliza kwa Mesiya, mbadwa ya Mfumu Davide, kukhazikitsa ufumu wa Mulungu padziko lapansi. Motero, ankadziona ngati ‘ana a Ufumu.’ Taonani makamaka mfundo zotsatirazi:

• Choyamba, Yesu akuwachenjeza mwamphamvu kuti m’chenicheni iwo ali pangozi yaikulu ya kukanidwa mokakamiza. G1544 kwenikweni amatanthauza 'kuponya ... kunja'; koma ngati izo sizinali zomveka bwino, Luka akuwonjezera G1854 momveka bwino ('mbali').
• Wachiwiri, akulongosola malowa kukhala ‘akunja (G1857) mdima (G4655)'. G1857 ndi gulu la G1854, kutsindikanso ganizo la kukana ndi kulekana. G4655, ‘mdima,’ nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'lingaliro la 'kubisika': koma mu N.T. kaŵirikaŵiri amasonyezedwa monga kusakhalapo kwa kuwala m’lingaliro lakuthupi kapena la makhalidwe.
• Chachitatu, amamveketsa bwino lomwe kuti chokumana nacho choterocho chidzabweretsa zowawa, chisoni chozindikira kwa iwo omwe amakanidwa mwanjira iyi, monga zikusonyezedwa ndi mawuwo, ‘kulira ndi kukukuta mano.’ Kukukuta mano m’chikhalidwe chawo kunali kusonyeza kuwawidwa mtima kwambiri (kapena ngakhale mkwiyo – Acts 7:54).
• Pomaliza, dziwani kuti mawuwo, 'Apo (G1563)', si mawu osamveka kapena ongochitika mwangozi: limasonyeza malo enieni, chigawo chakunja kumene okanidwawo atumizidwa.

Pali maumboni ena anayi m’buku la Mateyu onena za mawu a Yesu amene akubwereza mutu wa ‘kulira ndi kukukuta mano’.:

Mat 13:40-42 Chifukwa chake monga namsongole amasonkhanitsidwa ndi kutenthedwa (G2618) ndi moto (G4442); kotero kudzakhala pa mapeto a m’badwo uno (G165). Mwana wa munthu adzatumiza angelo ake, ndipo adzasonkhanitsa kuchokera mu Ufumu wake zokhumudwitsa zonse, ndi amene akuchita zoipa, ndipo adzawaponya m'ng'anjo yamoto (G4442). Apo (G1563) kudzakhala kulira ndi kukukuta kwa mano.

Mat 13:49-50 Momwemonso zidzakhala pa mapeto a dziko (G165). Angelo adzatuluka, ndikulekanitsa oipa pakati pa olungama, ndipo adzawaponya m'ng'anjo yamoto (G4442). Apo (G1563) kudzakhala kulira ndi kukukuta kwa mano.

Mat 22:13 Pamenepo mfumu inati kwa atumiki, ‘M’mangeni manja ndi mapazi, kumuchotsa, ndi kutaya (G1544) iye kulowa kunja (G1857) mdima (G4655); Apo (G1563) ndi kumene kudzakhala kulira ndi kukukuta mano.’

Mat 25:30 Taya kunja (G1544) kapolo wopanda pake kulowa kunja (G1857) mdima (G4655), ku apo (G1563) kudzakhala kulira ndi kukukuta mano.’

Kuchokera pa izi tikhoza kutenga mfundo zowonjezera zotsatirazi:

• Mavesi onsewa akuwoneka kuti akunena za malo amodzi, ‘kumene kudzakhala kulira ndi kukukuta mano.’
• Ngati onse anena za malo amodzi, ndiye ‘ng’anjo yamoto iyi’ mu ‘mdima wakunja’ sayenera kuyendetsedwa ndi moto wamba: koma moto wamtundu wina wosatulutsa kuwala.
• Pamene namsongole ‘atenthedwa (G2618) ndi moto (G4442),’ G2618 imatanthauza 'kuwotchedwa,’ (i.e. kotero kuti chisatsale kanthu koma phulusa). Chotero sikuli kwanzeru kufunsa ngati chiwonongeko chofananacho chingaperekedwe kwa awo oponyedwa ‘m’ng’anjo yamoto. (G4442)'. Tidzalingalira izi mwatsatanetsatane pambuyo pake.
• Onse maumboni mu Matthew 13:24-50 amachokera ku mafanizo ofotokoza zochitika kumapeto kwa nthawi/dziko. Mawu achingerezi, ‘ayoni,’ poyambirira anali kumasulira liwu Lachigriki lakuti ‘aion’ (G165)) ndipo amakhalabe pafupi kwambiri ndi tanthauzo lake. Koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu, zomwe tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane Zowonjezera A.
• Fanizo mu Matthew 22:2-14 ikuwonekanso kuti ikungoyang'ana zochitika za nthawi yotsiriza, kufotokoza za phwando laukwati kumene alendo oyambirira amakanidwa, pamodzi ndi munthu amene adalowa m’phwando wopanda chofunda chaukwati. (Popeza izi zimaperekedwa mwachizolowezi ndi wolandira pakhomo, zikusonyeza kuti anakana kuwolowa manja kwa mwininyumbayo kapena anayesa kuzemba m’njira ina.)
• Mbali inayi, Mat 25:14-30 limafotokoza mmene kapolo waulesi amaponyedwanso kumdima wakunja.
• Ngakhale kuti ndimezi zikuoneka kuti zikunena za malo amodzi, otsiriza 2 fotokozani zochitika zosiyanasiyana. Kodi zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti wantchito waulesiyo amakumana ndi tsoka lofanana ndi loipa; kapena n'zotheka kuti zotsatira zake zimakhala zosiyana?

Werengani …

Mawu a M'munsi

1. Kuwona, Mwachitsanzo, Lev 19:9-10, Deut 16:11-14, Job 31:16-22, Ndi 58:4-11[/x].
2. Manambalawa amagwirizana ndi zolembedwa mu Dictionary of Greek Words kuchokera ku Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance yolembedwa ndi James Strong., S.T.D., LL.D.
3. ‘M’mawu a Akasidi mneneri Yesaya’ [ndi Jonathan b. Uzieli] tr. ndi C.W.H. Pauli, Nyumba ya London Society, 1871, pg. 226. Pagulu. Zikupezeka kuchokera Mabuku a Google.