Kodi Aeon ndi chiyani?

Poganizira Mawu a Yesu, tidazindikira kuti mafanizo mu Matthew 13:24-50 zokhudzana ndi 'mapeto a nthawi / dziko' zitha kumasuliridwa kuti 'mapeto a aeon.' Mawu athu a Chingerezi, ‘ayoni,’ poyambirira anali kumasulira Malemba Achigiriki ‘aion‘ (G165) kudzera mu Chilatini; ndipo amakhalabe pafupi kwambiri ndi tanthauzo lake. koma ayi’ lenilenilo ndilo kutembenuzidwa kwa liwu Lachihebri, ‘olam‘(H5769); ndi, ngakhale kuti mfundozo n’zofanana kwambiri tiyenera kusamala kuti tisamawerenge mochenjera kwambiri za tanthauzo m’mawu oyambirira achihebri, chifukwa zonse 3 zinenero zasintha tanthauzo m’kupita kwa zaka.

• Tanthauzo loyambirira la ‘olam‘ inali ya ‘nthaŵi yakutali mosadziŵika m’mbuyomo kapena m’tsogolo’ kapena ‘mu nthaŵi zonse.’¹ Umu ndi mmene limagwiritsidwira ntchito m’Chipangano Chakale chonse; (kusiyapo zotheka zolemba zochepa kwambiri za O.T yomaliza. mabuku oti alembedwe). Koma pambuyo pake zokambirana za arabi ndi mapemphero, kuyambira pakati kapena kumapeto kwa nthawi ya Kachisi Wachiwiri (c.300BC kapena kenako), linayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito m’lingaliro la ‘m’badwo’ kapena ‘dziko’ (monga 'Olam Ha-Ba' (‘Dziko Likudza’) ndi 'Olam Batter' (‘Mtsogoleri wa Dziko’)).²

• English 'aeon' (US/Canada 'eon') yakhala ikuyang'ana pa tanthauzo la 'nthawi yayitali kwambiri (ngakhale potsirizira pake) nthawi;’ ndi matanthauzo ena achindunji pankhani ya geology ndi zakuthambo.

• The Greek 'aion‘Poyambirira ankatanthauza ‘moyo,’ m’lingaliro la ‘mphamvu’ kapena ‘mphamvu ya moyo;' koma kuchokera kwa Homer (c.700BC) odalira, tanthauzo lake limakulitsidwa kuphatikiza malingaliro a 'moyo' ndi 'moyo', 'm'badwo' ndi 'm'badwo;' ngakhale limakonda kumasuliridwa kuti 'zaka' m'lingaliro la 'zaka', 'kwamuyaya', 'zosatha' kapena 'kwamuyaya'; kapena ngati 'dziko' m'lingaliro la 'zonse zomwe timaziona mu aeon inayake' (monga kutalika kwa mbiri ya anthu). Plato (c.350BC) kugwiritsidwa ntchito 'aion‘ kutanthauza ‘dziko losatha la malingaliro,' ndi Aristotle (c.330BC) monga moyo ‘wosakhoza kufa ndi waumulungu’ wa Kumwamba. Chotero mawuwo anayamba kupeza mithunzi yatsopano ya tanthawuzo lanthanthi ndi zaumulungu; ngakhale si konse konse.

Funso lomwe likutikhudza apa ndi momwe masinthidwe apang'onopang'ono a Semantic angakhudzire kumvetsetsa kwathu malemba a Chipangano Chatsopano..

Ngati tiyesa kugwiritsa ntchito 'aion‘mu Chipangano Chatsopano, tikuwona kuti zikuchitika 128 nthawi. Mu 60 mwa izi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza mawonekedwe, ' mu aeon(s),' kapena nthawi zina, ‘m’zaka za m’ma aeons.’ Tanthauzo lachidule la mawu ameneŵa likuwoneka kukhala ‘kwamuyaya.,’ kapena ‘kwa nthawi yonse ya dziko monga tikudziwira kukhalitsa:’ koma n’zodziŵika kuti mitundu yochulukitsidwa kaŵirikaŵiri imasungidwira ‘kukhala kosatha’ kwa Mulungu mwiniyo.. (E.g. Mu Mt. 6:13, Yesu amamaliza pemphero la Ambuye ndi, ‘… ufumu ndi wanu ndi mphamvu ndi ulemerero ku nthawi zosayamba;’ pamene Paulo akumaliza ndi kudalitsa Mulungu ‘m’zaka zosawerengeka.’) Mu 6 za pamwamba 60 pamene mawuwo akuphatikizidwa ndi mawu otsutsa motsindika kuti apereke tanthauzo la ‘siyi.’ Otsalawo 68 malipilo, Kupenda mwachidule zochitikazo kumasonyeza kuti kumasulira kwa ‘dziko’ kapena ‘zaka’ kumapanga kusiyana kochepa pa tanthauzo lonse.

Koma umboni wowonjezera wofunikira wa tanthauzo la 'aion’ angatulutsidwenso m’Baibulo lachigiriki la Septuagint la Chipangano Chakale. Torah (mtundu wotchuka wa 5 Mabuku a Mose amene Septuagint inachokeramo) linamasuliridwa pafupifupi 250BC, ndi otsala a Chipangano Chakale pofika 132BC. Matembenuzidwe amenewa anali ‘Malemba’ oyambilira amene Yesu anagwiritsa ntchito, Ayuda ambiri olankhula Chigriki ndi mamembala a mpingo woyamba. Ntchitoyi inali itachitidwa ndi anthu amene kwenikweni anali akatswili m’kumvetsetsa kwawo malemba oyambirira Achihebri ndi mawu Achigiriki a m’nthaŵi yawo.; motero kupereka mpata wabwino wowunikira tanthauzo la 'aion’ monga mmene amagwiritsidwira ntchito m’Malemba.

Pamenepo, 'olam' zikuwoneka 438 nthawi mu 413 mavesi a Chihebri OT ndipo amasuliridwa kuti ‘aion' (kapena chiganizo chake, 'aionios') 543 nthawi mu 351 mavesi a Septuagint. Tazindikira kale kuti tanthauzo la 'olam’ mu Chihebri OT ndi, pafupifupi popanda kupatula, ‘nthawi yakutali kwambiri m’mbuyomo kapena m’tsogolo’ kapena ‘munthawi zonse.’ M’zonse koma 12 mawu 'olam' amamasuliridwa mwachindunji kuti 'aion'kapena'aionios.' Zotsalira, 7 amamasuliridwa m’lingaliro lakuti ‘chikhalire/chosatha/kuchokera pachiyambi’ ndi 5 ndi mawerengedwe osiyanasiyana opanda tanthauzo. Mavesi ena okhala ndi mawu achihebri kapena mawu omwe amawamasulira kuti ‘aion'kapena'aionios’ amaonekanso kuti ali ndi matanthauzo ofanana.³

Nanga bwanji 'aionios?'

Pamene ife tiri pa mutu wa Chipangano Chakale, ndizowunikiranso kwambiri kuyang'anitsitsa mawu adjective 'aionios' (G166) m’Baibulo lachigiriki la Septuagint. Ngati tiyang'ana makamaka 'aionios,' tikuwona zikuwoneka 119 nthawi mu 113 ndime; ndi zonse koma 9 mwa izi ndi zomasulira za 'olam.' Pa izi, 4 ndi zomasulira za 'alam' (chofanana cha Akasidi ‘olam') pamene otsalawo 5 ndi zowerengera zosiyanasiyana (chimodzi mwa izo motsimikizirika momveka chingatsimikize kutanthauza ‘muyaya’ kapena ‘chosakhoza kufa’).⁴

Tazindikira kale kuti, kumene Mark 9:43-46 amalankhula za moto ‘wosazimitsidwa,’ ndipo ‘ndi wosazimitsidwa,' Matthew 18:8 amagwiritsa ntchito 'aionios'; amene kaŵirikaŵiri amatembenuzidwa kukhala ‘wamuyaya,’ ‘kwamuyaya’ kapena ‘kwamuyaya.’ Koma ena amatsutsa mwamphamvu kuti m’malo mwake zimenezi ziyenera kumasuliridwa kuti ‘aeonian,’ m’lingaliro la ‘zokhudza’ aeon inayake, m'malo mokhala ndi zinthu zanthawi yayitali kapena zosatha za 'olam.’ Chifukwa chake izi ndi zofunika, ngati zitha kuwonetsedwa kuti lingaliro loyambirira la kugwiritsa ntchito mawu omasulira 'aionios‘ndi osati kuti nthawi yake, ndiye zimakhala zotheka kunena kuti chilango cha 'aeonian' chingakhale nthawi yaifupi yomwe idzathetsedwa., kapena ngakhale kusinthidwa.

Tsopano ndi zoona kuti ena, koma si onse, olemba mabuku achigiriki anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti ‘aeonian' m'lingaliro lapaderali - monganso anachitira akatswiri ena azaumulungu - kuyambira cha m'ma 300 AD kupita m'tsogolo.. Koma kufufuza pamwambapo kwa Septuagint kumasonyeza bwino lomwe kuti tanthauzo lofunidwa la onse awiri ‘aion'ndi'aionios’ zinali m’lingaliro la Chipangano Chakale ‘olam'- 'nthawi yakutali kwambiri m'mbuyomu kapena mtsogolo' kapena 'munthawi zonse.'

Popeza olemba Chipangano Chatsopano ankagwiritsa ntchito Chipangano Chatsopano cha Chihebri ndi Chigriki monga malembo awo, tingayembekezere kuti atenge matanthauzo omwewo. Koma kuti tifufuze mowonjezereka tiyenera kuyang’ana Chipangano Chatsopano chokha; kuti'aionios' zikuwoneka 71 nthawi. Mu 45 mwa izi (pafupifupi magawo awiri pa atatu aliwonse!) limagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mawu, ‘moyo wosatha.’ Umenewu ndiwo ndi Mawu ogwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza za moyo wosatha wa anthu amene amatsatira Yesu! Choncho kungakhale kovuta kuganiza za mawu alionse osayenera kusonyeza lingaliro la chinthu chimene sichinali kuyembekezera kukhalapo mpaka kalekale.! Komanso, atatu mwa maumboni awa akupanga ulalo wounikira ku Chipangano Chakale. Mt 19:6, Mk 10:17 & Lk 10:30 onse amatchula funso la wolamulira wachinyamata wolemera, “Ndidzachita chiyani kuti ndilandire moyo wosatha?” Koma mawu amenewa akuchokera kuti? Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake koyamba m'Baibulo kuli mu Dan 12:2; kumene Septuagint imalimasulira ndendende monga m’Chipangano Chatsopano pomasulira Chihebri, 'olam chay.'

Za otsala 26 malipilo, wina 18 nawonso mosakayikira amamveka bwino akamatanthauzidwa kukhala kutanthauza ‘kwamuyaya’ kapena ‘kwamuyaya.’ Awa amaphatikizapo mawu akuti ‘kwamuyaya., 'pro chronon aionion;' (‘dziko lisanayambe’ - kwenikweni, 'nthawi ya aeonian isanakwane'), mu Rom 16:25, 2Tim 1:9 & Tit 1:2, ndi 'pneumatos aioniou' (‘Mzimu Wamuyaya’) mu Heb 9:14.

Buku limodzi (Philemon 1:15-16) akhoza kutanthauziridwa mwanjira iliyonse: ‘Pakuti mwina iye anapatukana ndi inu kanthawi, kuti mudzakhala naye kosatha, osakhalanso ngati kapolo, koma woposa kapolo, m’bale wokondedwa.’ Paulo ayenera kuti ankangoganizira zoti kapoloyu akhalenso m’bale wake m’moyo uno: koma, poganizira nkhani yake, n’kutheka kuti iye akuganiza za moyo wosatha umene iwo akugawana nawo tsopano.

Izi zimangochoka 7 mawu ena omwe mawuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito: moto wamuyaya (3 nthawi), ‘chilango,‘’chiwonongeko,’ ‘chiwonongeko,’ ndi ‘chiweruzo.’

Tinalozera kale kuti Mat 18:6-9 ndi chidule cha Mark 9:43-48. Koma chimene Mateyu amachitcha ‘chamuyaya (G166) moto', Mark 9:42-48 limafotokoza kuti ndi moto ‘wosazimitsidwa (G762)’ ndi ‘osazimitsidwa (G4570).’ Chotero nkwachiwonekere kuti olemba onse aŵiriwo amavomereza kuti Yesu anali kufotokoza zosatha kuzimitsidwa, zizindikiro zamuyaya za moto uwu.

Pomaliza, onani fanizo la Yesu la nkhosa ndi mbuzi; kuzindikira makamaka mavesi 41 ndi 46:

Kenako adzanena kwa amene ali kumanzere kwake, ‘Chokani kwa ine, inu otembereredwa, mpaka muyaya (G166) moto (G4442) okonzekera mdierekezi ndi angelo ake. …Izi zidzapita ku muyaya (G166) chilango (G2851)*, koma olungama mpaka muyaya (G166) moyo (G2222). (Mat 25:41,46)

Pano tili ndi mawu akuti ‘chilango chamuyaya.’ Ngakhale m’mavesi a v.46 okha, kunena kuti uku ndi kufotokoza za chilango chosakhalitsa pomwe mawu omwewo agwiritsidwa ntchito m'chiganizo chomwecho kufotokoza za mphotho yamuyaya ya olungama., zikuwoneka zokayikitsa. Koma chilango chimene adapatsidwa chinali chotani?? Moto wamuyaya (v. 41). Nkovuta kunena kuti ‘chilango chamuyaya’ ndi mkhalidwe wa kanthaŵi pamene tikulingalira m’mawu apafupi a v.46: koma tikaganizira mfundo yakuti mawu omwewa, 'moto wosatha' amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wolemba yemweyo mu Mt 18:6-9, kumene likufanana ndi moto ‘wosazimitsidwa’ ndi ‘wosazimitsidwa’ mkati Mk 9:42-48, mkangano uwu umakhala wovuta kwambiri kuchirikiza.

Chotero ochirikiza lingaliro lakuti ‘chilango chamuyaya’ chiridi chanthaŵi yapang’onopang’ono ali ndi vuto lodziŵika bwino la chinenero. Pofuna kuthana ndi izi, amagwiritsa ntchito 2 mikangano. Mbali inayi, amalingalira kuti liwu lolondola Lachigriki lotanthauza ‘wamuyaya’ siliri ‘aionios': koma'aidios.' Mbali inayi, amayesa kunena kuti 'kolasis' (G2851) mu Mat 25:46 kwenikweni amatanthauza kukonza chilango; ndi, ngati ndi choncho, ziyenera kukhala zakanthawi.

Ndizofala kwambiri kuwona ochirikiza malingaliro akuti 'aionios‘sakutanthauza ‘muyaya’ kuyesa kulungamitsa zonena zawo potsutsa kuti liwu lolondola lachigriki lotanthauza ‘wamuyaya’ lingakhale ‘aidios' (G126). Koma pochita mawu awiriwa ndi ofanana ndipo nthawi zambiri amasinthasintha, kutengera zomwe wolemba wina amakonda. Mawu awa 'aidios' amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu NT - ngakhale kawiri kokha. Mu Rom 1:20, kumasulira kwa ‘muyaya’ kumamveka bwino. Koma mu Jude 1:6 akutanthauza maunyolo amene, ngakhale kuti mwachionekere cholinga chake chinali chosawonongeka, amangoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi inayake (mpaka tsiku lachiweruzo). Kugwiritsa ntchito kotereku kumatsutsana mwachindunji ndi zonena kuti 'aidios,' m'malo moti 'aionios,' ndilo liwu lolondola la 'muyaya'.

Ndi 'kolasis‘Kukonza?

Zimanenedwanso kuti 'kolasis' (G2851) amachokera ku verebu 'koladzo' (G2849), kutanthauza 'kuchepetsa'; ndipo poyambirira ankanena za kudulira mitengo. Nthawi zambiri zimanenedwa kuti, m'zaka za m'ma 4 BC, Aristotle adasiyanitsa "kolasis‘ monga chilango ‘choperekedwa chifukwa cha wovutikayo:'ndi'timoria,’ chimene chiri ‘chofuna kwa amene wachiperekacho, kuti apeze chikhutiro.’ Koma kodi pali kusiyana koteroko m’Chigiriki cha Koine cha nyengo ya Chipangano Chatsopano??

Choyambirira, tangoona kumene kuti ‘chilango chamuyaya’ chimene mbuzi zimatumizidwako Mt 25:46 si wina koma ‘moto wosatha’ wa Mt 25:41. Izi zikutanthawuza mwamphamvu zotsatira zosawongolera. Kuti tithane ndi tanthauzo ili tifunika umboni wamphamvu kwambiri wakuti 'kolasis‘ anali chizolowezi chomveka kutanthauza chilango chowongolera. Koma malo ena okha kumene 'kolasis' ikuwoneka mu NT ili mkati 1Jn 4:18; ndipo zimenezo zimatha kutanthauziridwa mwanjira iliyonse. Komabe, palinso zitsanzo ziwiri za mneni, 'koladzo.' Choyamba, Acts 4:21, ndi zosamvetsetseka. Koma chachiwiri, 2Pe 2:9, ayi; chifukwa tikamawerenga timapeza kuti zotsatira zake zikuyembekezeredwa, mu 2Pe 2:12, n’chakuti ena ‘adzawonongedwa kotheratu.’

Koma'kolasis' imapezekanso 7 nthawi zina mu Septuagint. 5 nthawi mu Ezekieli amamasulira Chihebri ‘kusakaniza dzenje' (H4383 'chopunthwitsa' kapena 'chiwonongeko'). 3 mwa izi, mu Eze 14:3-8, kukhala ndi chotulukapo chakuti wolakwayo ‘achotsedwa’ pakati pa anthu ake; mu Eze 18:30-31 zotsatira zake ndi imfa. Pokhapokha Eze 44:12 amachita'mikshole' kuphatikiza kukonzanso pang'ono; ngakhale ndi kutaya udindo kwamuyaya. Za enawo 2 zochitika, Baibulo la Septuagint la Eze 43:10-11 amawerenga, ‘adzatenga chilango chawo’, kugwiritsa ntchito ('kolasis') m’lingaliro lobwezeretsa: koma uku sikumasulira kwa 'mikshole'. Chihebri choyambirira sichitchula chilango konse; m'malo kunena, ‘ngati achita manyazi ndi zonse zimene anachita.’ Pomaliza, Jer 18:20 ali ndi mawu ogwiritsira ntchito 'kolasis:’ koma popeza kuti mawuwa sakupezeka m’malemba Achihebri, palibe chimene chingadziŵike bwinobwino tanthauzo lake.

Amene akufuna kulimbikitsa lingaliro lina pamwamba pa linzake mwachibadwa adzatengera zitsanzo zomwe zikugwirizana bwino ndi malingaliro awo: koma, momwe tingawonere, kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka m'Malemba kumadalira pa nkhani. Momwemonso, m’mabuku achigiriki achigiriki anthawi imeneyi mulinso zitsanzo zambiri zosabwezeretsa za ‘kolasis.'⁵

Choncho, ndizosocheretsa kukakamiza munthu kutanthauzira zomwe amakonda 'kolasis’ kuti tithe kunyalanyaza tanthauzo la Baibulo lolembedwa bwino kwambiri la ‘aionios.'

Izi zimatisiya ife nazo 2 zifukwa zazikulu zofunsa kutanthauzira kwa 'nthawizonse' kwa 'aionios‘ polingalira mafotokozedwe a Yesu a chiweruzo cha Mulungu:

1. Sitimakonda zotsatira zake.
   (Onaninso ‘Kuvuta Kumvetsetsa’ ndi Zowonjezera B – Buck Imayima Pomwe?.)

2. Kodi chiwonongeko chinganenedwe kukhala chamuyaya m’lingaliro lotani??
   (Onaninso Zowonjezera C – Ndi Imfa Yosatha?)

Onani Zowonjezera Zina …

Mawu a M'munsi

1. Zanenedwa kuti ‘olam‘ mwina poyamba anachokera ku Chihebri, ‘alam‘ (H5956), kutanthauza ‘chophimba pamaso.’ Onani matembenuzidwe a Chihebri ndi a Septuagint a Ps 90:8, Mwachitsanzo.
2. Onani apa mwachitsanzo: Kodi Liwu lakuti ‘Olam’ Limatanthauza Chiyani??.
3. Matembenuzidwe ena achi Greek akuti ‘olam‘ (ndi manambala a Strong) ndi:

   G1275 Lev 25:32; Ez 46:14; ‘nthawi zonse/nthawi zonse’

   G104.1 Deu 33:15; 33:27; ‘kwamuyaya’

   G746 Jos 24:2; Isa 63:16; Isa 63:19; 'poyamba’

   Kuwerenga kosiyanasiyana kuli: 1Sa 27:8; Isa 57:11; Isa 64:5; Jer 10:10; Jer 51:57.

   Mavesi okhala ndi mawu ena achihebri kapena mawu omwe amawamasulira kuti ‘aion‘ kapena ‘aionos', zalembedwa pansipa. Nambala ya Strong ya liwu loyambirira la Chihebri (kumene akudziwa) akutsatiridwa ndi maumboni a ndime; ndiyeno ndi kumasulira kwachingerezi kwa mawu ofanana Achihebri ndi Achigiriki, kotero kuti tanthauzo ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kamvekedwe bwino. Mawu ozungulira amaphatikizidwa ngati kuli kofunikira: koma osati m'mawu.

   H314 Is 48:12; 'wotsiriza'='ku eon’

   H1973 Is 18:7; kuyambira pa chiyambi chawo ‘kumka m’tsogolo’=kuyambira masiku ano ‘kufikira ku nthawi ya nthawi.’

   H5331 Ps 49:19; Is 13:20; Is 33:20; Jer 50:39; 'nthawi zonse'='ku eon’ (N.B. Is 33:20 + 'nthawi’ imatsindika tanthauzo lanthawi yochepa)

   H5703 Ps 21:6; 22:26; 37:29; 61:8; 89:29; 111:3; 111:10; 112:3; 112:9; 'kwanthawizonse'='ku eon ya eon)'. Is 9:6 ili ndi zowerengera zosiyanasiyana; Is 57:15 = kukhala ‘eon.’

   H5704+H5703 Ps 83:17; 92:7; 132:14; 'kwanthawizonse'='ku eon ya eon'. Ps 132:12=' mu eon.’

   H5704+H1988 1Ch 17:16; ‘mpaka pano’=’mpaka eon’

   H5750 Ps 84:4; 'nthawi zonse'='m'zaka za eons.’

   H5865 2Ch 33:7; ‘kwamuyaya’=’ku eon’

   H5956 Ps 90:8; ‘zinthu zobisika’=’eon’ (amaganiza ndi ambiri kukhala muzu umene ‘olam’ ndi alam’ amatengedwa).

   H5957 Ezr 4:15; 4:19; Dan 2:4; 2:20; 2:44; 3:9; 4:3; 4:34; 5:10; 6:6; 6:21; 6:26; 7:14; 7:18; 7:27; ‘alam‘ (Akasidi)=’olam'(Chiheberi)= uwu’

   H6924 Ps 55:19; 74:12; 'zakale'='pambuyo pa eon(s).’

   H6965 Pro 19:21; ‘ima/kupambana’=’kukhala mu eon’

   Kuwerenga Kosiyanasiyana Est 9:32; Job 10:22; 19:18; 19:23; 21:11; 33:12; 34:17; Ps 25:2; 76:4; 102:28; Pro 6:33; 8:21; Is 17:2; 19:20; 28:28; Jer 50:39; Ez 32:27.

   *Zomasulira zachi Greek zimachokera ku ‘Apostolic Bible Polyglot‘ ndikugwiritsa ntchito kalembedwe ka America ka 'eon.’

4. Mavesi okhala ndi mawu achihebri kapena mawu osakhalapo ‘olam‘ zomwe zimaperekedwa ngati ‘aionos', zalembedwa pansipa.

   H5957 Dan 4:3; 4:34; 7:14; 7:27; ‘alam‘ (Izi ndizofanana ndi Akasidi ‘olam.’

   Kuwerenga Kosiyanasiyana Job 10:22; 21:11; 33:12*; 34:17; Ps 76:4.

   *Baibulo la Septuagint la Yobu 33:12 amawerenga, ‘… Pakuti amene ali pamwamba pa anthu ‘aionios.’

5. Kwa zitsanzo zatsatanetsatane, onani kope lachitatu kapena lamtsogolo la ‘A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature’ (omwe amadziwika kuti 'BDAG’ kapena 'BADG', ISBN no. 0226039331 kapena 978-0226039336). Iyi nthawi zambiri imazindikiridwa ngati dikishonale yomveka bwino komanso yatsopano ya chilankhulo cha Chigriki cha nthawi ino.. Mwatsoka, ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo sizipezeka pa intaneti; choncho yesani laibulale yazaumulungu. gwero lina lothandiza ndi Nkhani iyi kuchokera ku Reddit, Pansi pamutu, ‘Pa Mawu a Kolasis ndi Achibale Ake.’ Koma dziwani kuti mlembi wake amalemba kuchokera ku chilankhulo chokhazikika, zadziko, malingaliro; ndipo chifukwa chake sali wokonzeka kufunafuna kumvetsetsa kwanthawi kochepa kwa Yesu’ mawu.