Uhulumeni & LikaNgqongqoshe Early Church

1. Ukuthuthukiswa kusuka ezimpandeni zamaJuda

1.1 Iphethini yamaJuda

UMkhandlu WamaJuda Obusayo Ngesikhathi sikaKristu kwakuyiSanhedrini (συνεδριον – ilanga). Lokhu kwakhiwa ngabaphristi abakhulu (αρχιερευς – ingqembu), abadala (πρεσβυτερος – I-Presuteroos) Futhi ababhali (γραμματευς – gramathiteus) (Lk 22:66, Mt 26:3, 57-9, Mk 14:43, 53, 15:1, Acts 4:5(qhathanisa Acts 4:23)). Mk 15:1 I-FENSE ukuthi i-sanhedrini ephelele kungenzeka ifake nabanye futhi. Umkhuba ojwayelekile wokubhekisela kuwo wonke amaqembu amathathu ngokusobala lapho ekhuluma ngemihlangano yobuholi bamaJuda kukhombisa ukuthi amagama angenawo: Kepha ukuthi bonke badlala indima evelele kuhulumeni.

Igama elithi 'babusi’ kubukeka sengathi kulinganiswa nabapristi abakhulu kodwa bahlukane nabadala Acts 4. Kwezinye izinkomba sasifunda kuphela abapristi nabadala: Kepha ukuqhathanisa nezinye izindima kukhombisa ukuthi kulezi zimo ukufakwa kwababhali kuyavulwa (Mt 26:47(qhathanisa Mk 14:43), Mt 27:1(Mk 15:1)). Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi 'umdala’ bekungalinganiselwa ngandlela thile inani elingenza lezo ezivame ukukhethwe njengababhali. UGamaliel, Ilungu elivelele leSanhedrini, ichazwa ngokuthi 'uthisha womthetho’ (νομοδιδασκαλος – UNomadidaskalos) e Acts 5:34) – Leli gama elisetshenziswe kancane liyavela nalo Lk 5:17-21, lapho kubonakala kusetshenziswa khona kubabhali.

Ngokomfanekiso lolu hlelo lukahulumeni oluhlanganisiwe lokwelusa, -okuphatha, Izinkonzo zemfundiso kanye neziprofetho (okwedlule kumuntu wompristi ophakeme (Jn 11:49-52). Ubuthakathaka bayo obulele bulala emadodeni uqobo. Baze bakhalela ukuqashelwa kwasobala futhi bayeka ukuba yizinceku (Lk 11:43 & 46); Babeka isiko labantu ngaphambi kweZwi likaNkulunkulu (Mk 7:6-13) futhi wayelahlekelwe noma yikuphi ukuqondisisa okufundile noma okungokwesiprofetho (Mk 12:24-7, Jn 3:10-12 & 5:37-44).

1.2 Ukuguqulwa kwezinhlaka zamaJuda

Kwalawa maqembu amathathu angenhla kuphela, 'Abadala', ephethe isihloko sayo phambili ezinhlakeni zesonto; Yize ngisho nalapho isihloko siphelelwe isikhathi.

Izimpikiswano ezifuywayo zababhali bakaJesu’ Usuku lwalubenze into yokuhlekisa esontweni lokuqala (1 Cor 1:20), Futhi labo abafuna ukuba 'abafundisi bomthetho’ (νομοδιδασκαλος – UNomadidaskalos – 1 Tim 1:7) babehlazekile. Lokhu bekukude nokudilizwa kwenkonzo yothisha, nokho. Ababhali’ Ukufundisa bekube stale, ukuqagela nokukhethwa kwe-nit: kanti uphawu lukaJesu’ ukufundisa, Futhi kulabo abamlandela, bekungukuthi bekusha, onegunya futhi ukhathazekile ngomoya kunokuba incwadi yomthetho (Mt 13:52, 7:28-9, 23:23, Jn 3:10-11, 1 Pet 4:11 (Le referensi yokugcina ayihlanganisi ukufundisa kuphela)). Ngakho-ke, Yize leli gama laphonswa, Umsebenzi wokufundisa uyaqhubeka futhi wahlonishwa kakhulu ngaphansi kwesihloko esilula sika-'bathisha’ (διδασκαλος – daskalos).

Ubupristi njengesikhungo bakwahlulwa ngokuphelele ukuqashelwa kukaJesu njengompristi wethu ophakeme (Heb 7:11-28), nobupristi bawo wonke amakholwa (1 Pet 2:9). Indima yabo yobungani yabo yayiyinto ebabazekayo futhi eminye imisebenzi yayo yadilizwa kwabanye. Kungenzeka ukuthi abaphostoli babeyindawo eseduze ye-N .t. -lingene.

2. Umphostoli(αποστολος – Abaphostoli)

2.1 uJesu’ Ukubizwa kwabayishumi nambili

2.1.1 Babengobani?

• USimon no-Andrew Barjona ('Indodana kaJona’ c.f. John 1:42, 21:15, Mt 16:17). Simoni ('Umhlanga') waqanjwa kabusha uKhefase (U-Aramuic) noma uPeter (Umphetho – zombili zisho 'itshe'). Babengabadobi baseBethsaida, ngasenyakatho nesendlalelo solwandle lwaseGalile (Lk 5:10, Jn 1:44).
• UJakobe noJohane, Oonyana bakaZebedee, Futhi abadobi baseBetsayida (Lk 5:10, Jn 1:44). Umndeni wabo kungenzeka abathengisi bezinhlanzi abaphumelelayo, Njengoba babeqashiwe izinceku (Mk 1:20), Oxhumana nabo abanamandla eJerusalema (Jn 18:15-6) kanye umama ofisa ukuvelela (Mt 20:20-1)! Babizwa ngama-boanerger ('Amadodana Okuduma') NguJesu (Mk 3:17).
• UHlip, Kwakungobani EBetsayida (Jn 1:44).
• Bartholomew (U-Aramuic, 'Indodana kaTholmai'). IVangeli likaJohane esikhundleni sayo libhekisela kuye njengoNathanayeli ('Isipho SikaNkulunkulu'), okungenzeka igama lakhe lokuqala. Wayengumngane kaFiliphu, kusuka eKhana (Jn 1:45-51 & 21:2), maqondana 12 amamayela (3 amahora’ vakasha) W. kolwandle lwaseGalile futhi 8 amamayela n. ENazaretha.
• UThomas (U-Aramuic) noma i-didymus (Umphetho – Womabili la magama asho 'amawele'). Wayengumuntu owayengumuntu, kodwa qotho (Jn 11:16 & 20:24-9).
• Mathewu ('Isipho SikaJehova'), futhi kubhekiselwe ku-levi ('Wajoyina'), indodana ka-Alfaus. (c.f. Mt 9:9 (Mathewu) ne- Mk 2:14 & Lk 5:27 (UJehova eLevi). Wayengumqoqi wentela (Ngu-'Publican ') KwabaseRoma – Umsebenzi ongathandeki kakhulu! Wayevela eKapernawume (lapho uJesu ahlala khona uC.f. Mt 4:13, 9:1, Mk 2:1). Lokhu kwakuwulwandle lwaseGalile, 3½ miles s.w. kwaseBetsayida.
• UJakobe indodana ka-Alfaus. Azikho izinkomba ezithoba noma yikuphi ukuxhumana komndeni kuMathewu, Ubani uBaba wayenegama elifanayo.
• Lebbaeus, owabizwa ngokuthi uTaddaeus (c.f. Mt 10:3 & Mark 3:18) kodwa futhi kwakubizwa ngokuthi 'uJuda kaJakobe’ e Luke 6:16 futhi John 14:22. UJesu wayenabafowethu ababili, abanegama lakhe linguJudasi noJakobe (c.f. Mt 13:55): Kepha sitshelwa ukuthi abakholwanga kuye phakathi nenkonzo yakhe yasemhlabeni (Jn 7:5 & Mk 3:21-32), Ngakho-ke kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi uJames wayenguYise igama likaYise.
• USimon Zelotes (Umphetho) noma ama-kananites (U-Aramuic) – Kokubili okushiwo 'zealot'. AmaZealot ayengabavukeli bamaJuda anti-Roman. AmaKananites asho nokuthi 'ohlala eKhanani’ (Isikhathi esimboza ingxenye enkulu yakwa-Israyeli waseNtshonalanga).
• UJuda Iskariyothe, uJesu’ umkhakha. Wayenakekela imali; kodwa ngokungathembeki (Jn 12:6).

2.1.2 Ukuhlangana kokuqala

Jn 1:35 – 2:25. uJesu’ Imihlangano yokuqala noJohn (Umfundi Ongabiziwe), U-Andrew, Simoni, UPhilip noNathanayeli, Ngemuva nje kwesilingo sakhe ehlane, Siphe ukuqonda okubalulekile endleleni asebenzisa ngayo ubuholi bakhe.

• Ngaphambi kokufuna ukuzibophezela, UJesu wabamema ukuba bagcine (Jn 1:39).
• Wayefuna abafundi ababebala izindleko (c.f. Lk 14:25-33). (Of the 11, all but John would be martyred!)
• Lokhu kubhekwa kwahlanganisa yonke ingxenye yempilo yakhe – hhayi inkonzo yakhe yasobala nje. Kaningi, Sigxile kakhulu kwizipho zenkonzo yabantu futhi singanaki impilo yabo.
• UJesu uba nalo bachitha isikhathi nomndeni wakhe; okungeke kube lula, Njengoba abafowabo bengakholelwa kuye (UJn 2:12 & 7:5). Cabanga ngalokho – Kunga ukuthi kube naliphi ithonya kuwe ukuze ubone konke lokhu?
• UJesu akazange ahlangane (Jn 1:45-51).
• Wanikeza igama elisha nombono omusha (Jn 1:42 & 50-1). Uma sizohola ngempumelelo, Kumele sithathe abantu ngaphezu kokulinganiselwa kwabo ngendlela abazibona ngayo nangekusasa labo. Sidinga ukubakhombisa amandla abo kuNkulunkulu.
• Wabathatha inkinga ukuze bazi mathupha (Jn 1:39 isikhathi, Jn 1:42 qala ngokuqonda, Jn 1:43 Ukufuna, Jn 1:48 isicelo). Uma ungenzi lokhu kulabo abaphendukela ngqo kuwe, Obani abanye abazoba?
• Uveze iqiniso lalokho ayekufundisa kuwo womabili amandla nokuzibophezela komuntu siqu (Jn 2:11 & 17).
• Ugweme ukwenza izibopho ezingaphezu kokusheshe (Jn 2:23-5). Abanye balaba baguqukayo kumele babe yiqiniso: kepha, Esikhundleni sokuzichaza, futhi ufune noma unikeze kakhulu, kakhulu, Wayezimisele ukwethemba nokulinda.

2.1.3 Ukuba ngumfundi kusenesikhathi

Jn 3:22-4 & 4:1-3. Le micimbi yenzeka ngaphambi kokuboshwa kukaJohane uMbhabhathizi, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokuhlangana kwabayishumi nambili okuchazwe kwamanye amaVangeli (ukubona Mt 4:12 & Mk 1:14). Yize uJohane kuphela, U-Andrew, Simoni, UFiliphu noNathanayeli bashiwo ngegama, Acts 1:21-2 kuphakamisa ukuthi bonke abayishumi nambili bahlangana noJesu ngalesi sikhathi.

Nokho uJesu wayeseqalile ekubuyeni la madoda, noma kunjalo, Njengoba sizobona, Babengakaze bazibophezele ngokuphelele kuye. Futhi lokhu kuhileleke ngaphezu kokulalela nje. UJesu wayesebabhabhadisa abanye (Jn 4:2)!

Qaphela ukuthi lokhu bekungukubhapathizwa kokuphenduka, ngaphandle kokuzibophezela kuJesu (Izikhombo zokuqala zalokho Mt 28:19 futhi Acts 2:38; echaza ukuthi kungani uJesu engazange abhabhathise muntu). Ngeke sicele umuntu ukuthi abhabhathize othile kuJesu’ igunya uma lingazithobi ngokuphelele: Kepha noma yiliphi isoni lingasiza omunye avume izono zawo. UJesu wayezimisele ukubandakanya abafundi bakhe ngangokunokwenzeka, ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

2.1.4 Isikhathi sesinqumo

Lk 5:1-11 (Mt 4:18-23). Kuze kube manje, Abayishumi nambili babafundi besikhashana. Ngemuva kukaJesu’ Ukubamba izinhlanzi, UPitrosi ubona ukuthi ukuphenduka kwakhe nokuzinikela kwakhe bekungajulile kanjani. Manje uJesu manje ubizela abafundi ukuba bayekelele konke.

Ngokufanayo, UJesu ubiza uMathewu, onikela ngokushesha umsebenzi wakhe wentela Mt 9:9-13, Mk 2:14-7 & Lk 5:27-32. -Ngokuqondana, Ucabanga ukuthi yini umehluko obalulekile phakathi kweqembu lokuvalelisa likaMathewu nomfundi ozoba ngumfundi owayefuna ukuhamba azokuhlasela abantu bakhe ekhaya (Lk 9:61-2)?)

2.1.5 Ukukhetha abayishumi nambili

Lk 6:12-6. Noma uJesu esechithe isikhathi esithile nabafundi bakhe, Ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo sokuthi uqoke njengabaphostoli achitha ubusuku bonke emthandazweni.

Lokhu kufanele kusinike umuzwa wokubaluleka kokuqaphela kakhulu ukuthi thina sikhetha noma yiliphi ihhovisi esontweni.

Kugcizelela nokubaluleka kokufuna ukuqondisa kukaNkulunkulu, Esikhundleni sokuthembela ekuqondeni kwethu. Kulula ukudalwa ngokubonakala (1 Sam 16:6-7).

2.1.6 Umkhapheli womngane

Kungenzeka ukuthi uJesu wayazi ukuthi uJuda uzomkhaphela (Jn 2:25). Kepha wamnakekela kakhulu lokho, ngisho nangobusuku bokugcina, abanye abafundi babengazi ukuthi wayengumlandeli. Ngakho-ke uma abanye behlisa, Ngiyabonga uNkulunkulu ngokungakutsheli kusengaphambili nokuthi, Ngokungafani namaJuda, Kukhona ithemba abazothuthuka.

Qaphela imbewu kaJuda’ ukubhujiswa phakathi Jn 12:4-8. Kungenzeka ukuthi uchitha ngokwengeziwe kuye lapho kungekho muntu obheke khona; Kepha uzama ukunciphisa unembeza wakhe ngokuthola amaphutha abanye (esimweni esinjalo, uJesu). Kwakuyilokho nguSathane abalindele (c.f. Matthew 26:6-16 & Luke 22:3-6). Ngaphambi kokugxeka abanye, zihlale uzibuza, "Ngabe ngike ngenza izinto ezinje?"

2.2 Izifundo ze-Crunch ebuholini

2.2.1 Uhlobo lobuholi

• Ubuholi beqiniso buyi-servthood. Mt 20:20-9 & Jn 13:1-17. Ngokuphelele ngokungafani nabaholi bamaJuda (Mt 23:2-12).
• Igunya livela ekubeni ngaphansi kwegunya. Mt 8:9, Lk 9:1-2, Jn 5:19-23, 15:4-17.

2.2.2 Izimiso Ezisemqoka

• Ukutholakala. Awukwazi ukuhola uma ungalaleli! KuNkulunkulu, emthandazweni, futhi nakulabo abangaphansi kwakho (Mk 9:33-7).
• Gxila ekuqondeni. Kunokuba uzame ukufundisa wonke umuntu, UJesu wayala abambalwa, futhi wabafundisa ukuba bafundise abanye Mt 28:19. Lesi simiso sisebenza ngokulinganayo kubaholi besonto namuhla - umsebenzi wethu oyinhloko ukuhlomisa abanye (ukubona Eph 4:11-2).
• Abantu abazama futhi bahluleke ukufeza okungaphezulu kwalabo abangazami (e.g. Mt 14:25-32).
• Ukudlulisela Ithimba Nethemba. Ukhuthaze abafundi ukuthi benze izinto (e.g. Mt 14:16, Lk 10:1-20).

2.2.3 Izifundo zento

• Ubuholi abuncike kwizinsizakusebenza zakho. Lk 10:3-4.
• Kufanele ube nokuthula ukuze unikeze ukuthula. Lk 10:5-6 (Qaphela ukuthi ukuthula kwakho okunikezwe). Sidlulisela lokho esikukho kunokuthi sikusho.
• Abaholi kumele bakwazi ukunikela nokwamukela. Lk 10:7-9. Kuyilungelo ukunikela: Kepha lapho sizithoba ekwamukeleni, Futhi singaba yindlela yokubusiswa kuMuphi (e.g. Jn 4:6-15).

2.3 Ukuthuthukiswa Kwenkonzo Yabaphostolic

2.3.1 uJuda’ Ukubeka endaweni

Acts 1:15-26. Izindlela zabaphostoli zokubuyiselwa kwa-Israyeli kwembula ukuthi 12 Kwakungebona kuphela abalandela uJesu kuyo yonke inkonzo yakhe. Asazi ukuthi bangaki abanye lapho babekhona; Kepha okungcono kakhulu, UJoseph Barbabha uJustus noMathias babeqeqeshiwe kahle; futhi ekugcineni baphendukela emthandazweni ngokuphonsa inkatho ukuthi bakhethe phakathi kwabo.

Qaphela izimo ezihlukile lapho kwasetshenziswa khona lo mkhuba. Okomfanyana, Babheke izindlela ezingokomBhalo ezilawula ukukhetha, Ngemuva kwalokho ukufaneleka kwabazongenela ukhetho, Akungabazeki kufaka bona bona uqobo abakwaziyo ngesimilo salawa madoda. Kuphela-ke kuphela, Ukuthola Lutho Ukukhetha phakathi kwabo, babuze isibonakaliso. Musa ukucela izibonakaliso uma kunezizathu ezingokomBhalo nangokuziphatha kungani kufanele noma kungafanele wenze isinqumo esithile.

Ezinye izazi ziye zathi abaphostoli benza iphutha ekumiseni uMathias, nokuthi umpostoli weshumi nambili bekufanele ngabe uPawulu. Lokhu kuyangabazeka ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili eziphambili: okomfanyana, UPawulu wayengeyena ubufakazi benkonzo kaJesu yasemhlabeni, Ukufa nokuvuka kukaJesu kwenza (Acts 1:21-2) futhi, okwesibili, Kucabanga ukuthi bekufanele kube kuphela 12 umphostobi.

Kepha kuthiwani ngoJoseph, Umphostoli ocishe ube? SONKE AKUFANELE BABE BADLULA: Kepha zicabange usesikhundleni sakhe. Ubungeke uhlehlise, uthukuthele uNkulunkulu ngokungakhethi, noma abe nomhawu ngeMatthias? Uzosabela kanjani uma inkonzo kaMfoweth 'ithola ukunakwa ngokwengeziwe kunokwakho? Ngubani onelungelo lokukhetha? Usebenzela bani, futhi ngasiphi isizathu?

2.3.2 Indima kaPeter

Qaphela kulokhu okungenhla lokho, Yize uPhetro eqala inqubo, isinqumo senziwa ngokwengeziwe (qhathanisa. Acts 1:15,23,24,26).

Mt 16:19 uvuse impikiswano enkulu phakathi kwamaKatolika namaProthestani, ikakhulukazi enkulumweni yokuthi 'leli dwala' lisho uPeter, Ukuvuma kwakhe ukholo kuJesu, noma uJesu uqobo. Amagama kaJesu alandelayo, 'Ngizokunika okhiye bombuso wezulu, Futhi noma yini oyibopha emhlabeni izoboshwa ezulwini, Futhi noma yini oyicelayo emhlabeni izokhululwa ezulwini. 'Kubhekiswe kuPhetro ngamunye, eqinisekisa indima ehola phambili kaPhetro phakathi kwabaphostoli. Kepha kuyingozi ukwakha izimfundiso ekuchazeni okuphikisayo kwevesi. Phakathi kwa- Mt 18:18, UJesu wenza isithembiso esifanayo kubo bonke abafundi bakhe; Ukubonisa leli gunya akunqunyelwe kuPhetro noma nje abaphostoli (Ngaphandle kokuthi ucabanga Mt 18:19 futhi kusebenza kuphela kubo!).

UPhetro wayengumholi ophelele, Njengoba kuboniswe nguJesu (Lk 22:31-2, Jn 21:15-7). Kepha uma sibheka imikhuba yangempela yesonto lokuqala siyakubona lokho, njengoba ngenhla, Izinqumo zisuselwa ekucabangeni kwenhlangano yentando kaNkulunkulu. UPhetro wayengenalo ivoti lokuphonsa, noma empeleni igama lokugcina (bona ngezansi). Futhi wayengenhla kwephutha noma ukulungiswa (Gal 2:11-4). Ubuholi abuhlanganisi ngokungemthetho, noma unikeze umholi ukuba adelele izeluleko zabanye ngokuqonda okungokomoya.

2.3.3 UJakobe

Phakathi kwa- Acts 8:1 & 14 Ubuholi busabonakala bukhona kuphela ezandleni zabaphostoli. Ngokufanayo Acts 9:27, Ukuchaza ukuvakasha kukaPawulu kokuqala esontweni eJerusalema akukhulunywa ngabadala, Kepha abaphostoli kuphela. Kepha uPawulu uthi ku Gal 1:15-19 Leyo minyaka emithathu ngemuva kokubizwa kwakhe wahambela uPhetro eJerusalema futhi, Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu, ukuthi uJesu’ UMfoweth 'uJames naye wabhekwa njengomphostoli. Ngokusobala abanye abaphostoli babengekho ngalesi sikhathi (qhathanisa Gal. 1:19), Futhi uJames manje wayeyingxenye yobuholi baseJerusalema.

(Kunzima ukuthandana Gal 1:15-24&2:1-10, Njengokuhlobana nge Acts 9:26-30, 11:29-30&12:1-25, 15:1-30 Futhi ubufakazi bukaPawulu obukhona Acts 22:17-21 ziveza ezinye izinkinga. Kunezincazelo ezimbili okungenzeka. Okomfanyana, le khasi Acts 9:27 Ukuhlangana kubonakala kungaphezu kokuzwa ukunquma ukuthi kuphephile yini ukuvumela uPawulu ahlobanise nesonto. Selokhu Gal 1:15 iqala ekubizeni kwakhe ukuyoshumayela phakathi kwezizwe, Kungenzeka ukuthi uPawulu akazange abe nomuzwa wokuthi lokhu kwakunokunye ukufana nemfundiso enkonzweni yakhe yabeZizwe: esimweni esinjalo Gal 1:18 futhi Acts 22:17-21 angahle abheke ukuvakasha kwakhe ngaphakathi Acts 11:29-30&12:1-25, Ngombono uchaza okuholela emicimbini ngaphakathi Acts 13:1-3. Ukuvakasha okuchazwe ku Gal 2:1-10 ngabe kuchazwe ku Acts 15:1-30, Ngemuva kohambo lwakhe lokuqala lwezithunywa zevangeli. Ngenye indlela, Kungenzeka kube nje lokho Gal 1:17-8 ichaza isikhathi seminyaka emithathu phakathi kokuguqulwa kukaPawulu nokuvuma kwakhe esontweni laseJerusalema, e Acts 9:27; okubeka ukuqashelwa kobunikazi bakaJames ngandlela thile ngaphambili. Manje ngithanda incazelo yokugcina, Njengoba kuzovela ukuthi ukuvakasha kwesibili kukaPawulu, okwakukhona kuphela ngenhloso yokuletha usizo lwabadala kubadala (Acts 11:28-30), kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokushushiswa okunzima (Acts 12:1-25); Lapho ngisho nabaphostoli bebelinganiselwe abanye (qhathanisa. Acts 12:17). Akukho okukhulunywa ngamuphi umhlangano oqondile phakathi kukaPawulu noJakobe noma abanye babaphostoli ngalesi sikhathi sokuvakasha; obezochaza ukuthi kungani uPawulu engayisho lutho Gal 1:15-24&2:1-10.)

Ukufundiswa kukaPhetro esontweni ukutshela izindaba zokuphunyuka kwakhe 'kuJakobe nabafowethu’ e Acts 12:17 kuphakamisa ukuthi wayengumholi webandla elisebenzayo ekungabikho kukaPeter. Ukuphazisa kwakhe kubonakala kakhulu endimeni yakhe empikiswaneni yokusoka ngaphakathi Acts 15:13-22, lapho abonakala enikezwe khona igama lokugcina kulolu daba.

Lapho uPawulu ebuyela eJerusalema okokugcina, Uvela phambi kukaJames, phambi kwabadala (Acts 21:18). Ungukuphela kwakhe okushiwo ngegama, efaka ukuthi wayengumholi ohlonishwayo: Yize kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lesi siphakamiso sibekelwe uPaul ngokusobala njengempendulo ehlanganisiwe. Akukho okukhulunywa ngabo abanye abaphostoli: kungaba ukuthi ubunikazi babo babuhlanganisiwe babunjwe bobudala noma, Mhlawumbe, babesebenza ezifundeni ezikude kakhulu.

2.3.4 Abanye abaphostoli

Asazi ngokunembile ukuthi mangaki amanye amadoda aseTestamenteni eNtsha anikezwe isihloko 'sompostoli'. Paul, e 1 Cor 15:5-7 uthi uJesu wabonwa nguPeter, Bese kuba yishumi nambili, Bese kuthi 500 bazalwane ngasikhathi sinye, Kwathi ngoJames, Lapho-ke 'bonke abaphostoli', Ekugcineni ngoPaul uqobo. Ibinzana elithi 'bonke abaphostoli’ Kungenzeka kube yisethenjwa ku-Twelve Plus James; Noma kungakhombisa ukuthi ngisho nangaphambi kokuguqukela kukaPawulu kwakukhona abanye ababekwamukelwe njengabaphostoli.

Phakathi kwa- Acts 14:4 & 14 Sithola uPawulu noBarnabuse bobabili bakhomba njengabaphostoli, ukuletha isibalo sabaphostoli abaziwayo kuye 15. UPawulu uzichaza njalo ezinhlamvwini zakhe.

I-Andronicus neJunia (Rom 16:7) kwesinye isikhathi kuyakhonjwa: Kepha kuyancipha ukuthi i-expression, 'Qaphela phakathi kwabaphostoli,’ kusho ukuthi bona uqobo babengabaphostoli noma nje bebecabanga kahle ngabaphostoli.

'Umphostoli’ kwakuyigama elijwayelekile lesiGreki (incazelo, 'Oyedwa othunyelwe', noma 'isithunywa') okwasungulwa njengesihloko. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kunezinkomba ezintathu ezintathu ze-NT, Akuvame ukuhunyushwa ngokuthi 'Umphostoli', okubuye kube yinto: John 13:15, 2 Cor 8:23 (-phinda. Tus) futhi Phil 2:25 (U-Ephaphroditus). Kuwo nalowo nalowo walawa macala igama lisetshenziswa ngaphandle kwendatshana echazayo; futhi uma kungekho okunye ukusekelwa kombuso asikwazi ukuqiniseka ukuthi kuhloswe njengesihloko kunokuba kube yilokho nje okushiwo 'isithunywa’ Kulezi zimo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwesilinganiso, UJesu ubuye wachazwa njengoba, 'Umphostoli,’ e Heb 3:1.

2.3.5 Indima yesikhashana?

Isidingo sokuqala se-'yishumi nambili’ ukuthi bekufanele ngabe babe abafundi kusukela ngesikhathi sokubhapathizwa kukaJohane kuze kukhuphuke, Ukuze babe ngofakazi bakaJesu’ uvuko (Acts 1:21-2). Yize le nqubo ayisebenzi kuJames, kakhulu kuPawulu, abanye bathi lokho 1 Cor 15:5-8, kuhlanganiswe ne 1 Cor 9:1, kukhombisa ukuthi empeleni ukubona uJesu ovukile wayeyisidingo sokuba umphostoli. Kulokhu kushiwo ukuthi abaphostoli babesekuqaleni kwesonto kuphela. Nokho, Isiphetho esinjalo empeleni siyiqiniso. Yize izibonelo zabantu ezibizwa ngokuthi abaphostoli ngemuva kokuphela kwenkathi ye-NT ngeke zenzeke emBhalweni, Ukuhlolwa okusondele kakhulu kwalawa kanye namanye amavesi kunikeza izizathu ezinhle zokungabaza isiphetho esinjalo.

Okomfanyana, Ake sibheke futhi 1 Cor 15:7-8: 'Ngemuva kwalokho wabonakala kuJames, Ngemuva kwalokho kubo bonke abaphostoli, futhi ekugcineni kwakho konke wabonakala kimi, ngangokunye okuzalwa ngokungafanele.’ Lapho uPawulu esho, 'Bonke abaphostoli,’ Ngokusobala akusho nokuthi, 'Bonke abangabaphostoli manje,’ Iyeke yodwa, 'Bonke abayoke babe;’ Njengoba amagama akhe alandelayo enza kucace ukuthi akafaka phakathi. Ngakho-ke singakusebenzisa ngokuthembekile le nkulu kuphela kulabo ababengabaphostoli ngesikhathi sikaJesu’ ukubonakala. Futhi uma uPawulu azikhipha kuye ngeke sicabange ukuthi wafaka uBarnaba, Ngubani wokuqala obizwa ngokuthi ngumphostoli ngasikhathi sinye noPawulu (Acts 14:4). Ngakho-ke eBarnaba sinomphostoli onobufakazi obucacile bokuthi wabona uMKristu ovukile.

Ukuphawula kukaPaul ku 1 Cor 9:1, 'Angikhululekile? Angiyena umphostoli? Angimbonanga uJesu Kristu iNkosi yethu?’ yakha uchungechunge lwemibuzo ekhaliphile, Ngayinye yayo iboleka isisindo esibonelweni esisodwa esiyisisekelo; okungukuthi, 'Unelungelo elingakanani lokwahlulela?’ (ukubona 1 Cor 9:3 phambili). Akukho lutho lapha ukuphakamisa ukuthi uzama ukuchaza izimfanelo zokuba- phrostoliship. Ngaphandle kwalokho, Kusho ukuthini umbuzo wakhe, 'Angikhululekile?'; okuyingxenye ebalulekile yochungechunge olufanayo?

Ngaphezu kwalokho, Isipiliyoni sikaPawulu sasihluke kakhulu kwengabakwa-Twelve noJames ngoba wabona umbono kaJesu ngemuva kokunyuka. Abantu basathi banemibono kaJesu namuhla; Ngakho-ke noma ngabe okuhlangenwe nakho kwalo kwakuyisidingo sokuba umphostoli kungenzeka kube namakhono. Kepha ubuqiniso besimangalo esinjalo buzokwahlulelwa kanjani?

Kwakuyinto elula kakhulu ukuthola ukuthi ngubani owayekade noJesu, Futhi umBhalo ucacile ukuthi uphenyo lwenziwe lapho senziwa lapho kumiswa matthias. Nokho, Endabeni kaPaul noBarnaba, Obani ababizwa ngokuthi abaphostoli ngemuva kokuthi bathunyelwe e-Antiyokiya (qhathanisa. Acts 13:1-3 & 14:4), Asikho isiphakamiso sanoma yiluphi uphenyo ngokuthi bambone uJesu noma cha. Ngisho nomuntu oyenelise ngokuphelele i Acts 1:21-2 isilinganiso, Ukuba ngumphostoli ekugcineni kwakuyindaba yokuzikhethela kukaNkulunkulu (Acts 1:23-6). Endabeni kaPaul noBarnabus bekugcizelelwa ngokuqokwa nguMoya oNgcwele kumsebenzi othile.

Kubaluleke kakhulu lokho, kanti imfuneko yokuqala yabayishumi nambili ukuthi kumele babe ofakazi bakaJesu’ uvuko (Acts 1:22), e Acts 13:31 UPawulu noBarnabuse bakugwema ngokusobala ukuzichaza ngale migomo; Ukugcina leyo nhloso kulabo 'abakhuphuke naye besuka eGalile baya eJerusalema.’ Ngaleyo ndlela sinesibonakaliso esicacile sokuthi umsebenzi wabaphostoli kamuva watholwa uhluke kakhulu kwaleyo yabalishumi nambili kule nhlonipho.

Kulokhu kuvela lokho, ngenkathi ishumi nambili (futhi ngezinga elincane, UJakobe) Iyindawo Eyingqayizivele Njengoba OFakazi Bamehlo KuJesu’ Impilo Novuko, Yaziwa njengezikhathi zeTestamente eNtsha ukuthi kwakukhona abanye inkonzo yabo kanye nokusebenza kwebandla ababahloniphayo ukuthi babizwa ngokuthi 'abaphostoli.’ Singahle siqaphele ngokusebenzisa lesi sihloko namuhla ngokwesaba ngokomoya: Kepha lokho akusho ukuthi kungabikho nalabo abanezinkonzo ezifanayo kulabo abaphostoli abamuva.

2.3.6 Izici ezijwayelekile zomphostoli

Bathebheshelwa abaphostoli babe yisipho senkonzo esinikezwa isonto ngoKristu (1 Cor 12:28-9 & Eph 4:11-2). Kwakungabakhi besonto. Phakathi kwa- 1 Cor 9:2 UPawulu uyaphawula, 'Noma ngingeyena umphostoli kwabanye, Impela nginguwe! Ngoba wena uphawu lwabaphostoli bami eNkosini.’ Ngokusobala, Wabona isonto ayesungula njengophawu lweziqu zakhe njengomphostoli.

Abayishumi nambili babenenkonzo engaphezu kwemvelo (qhathanisa. Acts 5:12). Kuyabonakala ukuthi uPawulu wabheka lokhu njengobufakazi obudingekayo bokuba ngumphostoli; ngoba in 2 Cor 12:12 uthena, 'Izinto ezimaka umphostoli – Izimpawu, izimangaliso nezimangaliso – zenziwa phakathi kwakho ngokuphikelela okukhulu.’

Nokho, lezi zinto zedwa azenzi umphostoli! UPhilip waphayona isonto eSamariya futhi waba nezibonakaliso ezilandelayo (Acts 8:5-13): Kepha akazange abizelwe njengomphostoli; kuphela njengomvangeli (Acts 21:8). Ukuqonda ukuthi kungani, Kufanele sibone ezinye izici ezimbili zabaphostoli.

Okomfanyana, Abaphostoli kwakungamadoda anegunya elingokomoya ezindabeni zikahulumeni wesonto nemfundiso (Acts 2:42, 15:2-6, 16:4, 1 Cor 5:3-5, 2 Cor 10:2-11 & Gal 1:8-9). (Indima yemfundiso yayibaluleke kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba imibhalo ye-NT ibhalwe njengendlela yokugcina ubumsulwa bevangeli futhi inqume ukuthi kufanele isetshenziswe kanjani ezimweni zeveli, njengokuguqulwa kwabezizwe. Qaphela nokho ngaleso sikhathi, Njengamanje, Ukuhlolwa kwe-acid ukuthi ngabe iyiphi imfundiso ehlobene nayo emuva ezimfundisweni ezithile zikaJesu nomzimba okhona wemiBhalo; Futhi kuphela emva kwalokho ezimfundisweni zabaphostoli abayishumi nambili nabathengi besikhathi samuva (qhathanisa. Mk 8:38, Acts 15:7-21, Gal 1:8, 2:2 & 2:14).)

Endabeni kaFiliphu wanika abantu iVangeli: Kepha kwakukhona ibhlokhi yomgwaqo lapho kwenzeka ukubenza bangene endaweni lapho bengathola khona amandla oMoya oNgcwele. Lokhu akususwa kuze kube yilapho isonto lamaSama liba ngaphansi kwenkonzo yabaphostoli (Acts 8:14-25).

Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngaphambili, Umphostoli usho 'isithunywa,’ noma, 'Oyedwa othunyelwe.’ Yize kungekho mbuzo wokuthi uMoya oNgcwele wawunoFiliphu, Wayengayitholi igunya elithile esontweni ukuyoshumayela iVangeli eSamariya. Kanjalo, Wayenokugcotshwa; Kepha hhayi igunya elidingekayo ukusungula ibandla.

Ukhiye wesibili ohlukile we-betwen umuntu omane atshale isonto nomphostoli kubonakala sengathi kungukuthunyelwa okuthile nguMoya oNgcwele ukwenza lo msebenzi. NjengoPhilip, Labo abatshale isonto e-Antiyokiya (Acts 11:19-21) Akukho ndawo kubhekiselwa kuyo njengabaphostoli. Yize isonto lilethwa ngaphansi kwegunya labaphostoli ngokuthumela uBarnabu njengommeleli wabo (Acts 11:22-4), futhi akukho noyedwa uLuka wamchaza uBarnabu njengomphostoli; Kalula 'njengendoda enhle, Kugcwele Umoya Ongcwele Nokholo '. Ngisho sekwephuzile njengoba Acts 13:1 umane agxile kuye 'kubaprofethi nothisha.’ Kepha ngemuva kokuba uPawulu noBarnabu bathunyelwa esontweni le-Antiyokiya lapho bethola umoya ongcwele aqala ukubabiza bobabili abaphostoli bobabili (Acts 14:4).

Qaphela ukuthi akuyona into yabaphostoli eJerusalema abayiqondise isonto e-Antiyokiya ukuba bafinyelele ngale ndlela; Futhi akekho ubufakazi bokuthi noma ngubani owayekhona owayevele waqashelwa njengomphostoli. Lokhu bekuyisinyathelo soMoya oNgcwele (Acts 13:2 & 4) lokho kwaqashelwa futhi kuvunyelwe yiBandla lendawo (Acts 13:3 & 14:26-7). Yize igunya elingokomoya lincike okungenani engxenyeni ebukhona bobudlelwano obulungile kwezinye iziphathimandla ezihlelwe uNkulunkulu esontweni: I-Apostolic Calling empeleni empeleni iyikholi kaNkulunkulu, Njengoba uPaul ngokwakhe egcizelela ku-gal 1:1.

Kungase futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi bonke abaphostoli babenezinkonzo ze-humur; Ukukhathazeka ngokusungulwa noma ukwengamela kwesonto elingaphezu kwelilodwa. Lokhu akusho ukuthi bahambe kakhulu: Sitshelwa ukuthi kwakungamakholwa ajwayelekile, hhayi abaphostoli, Obani ababephethe ukuqhuma kwangaphandle kwangaphandle kwebandla ukusuka eJerusalema (Acts 8:1-4). UJames kubonakala sengathi uchithe isikhathi sakhe esiningi eJerusalema: Kepha incwadi yakhe eyindilinga ikhombisa ukukhathalela kwakhe yonke isonto lamaJuda lesonto (Jas 1:1).

Ukuphawula kukaPawulu ku 1 Cor 9:2 , 'Noma ngingeyena umphostoli kwabanye, Impela nginguwe!’ kuyathakazelisa, Njengoba kubonisa ukuthi uPawulu wabheka ubuphostoli bezindlela ezihlobene. Indoda kungenzeka ingabhekwa njengomphostoli yiBandla lisonke; kodwa noma kunjalo abe ngumphostoli oya engxenyeni ethile yalo. Sibona lo mcabango futhi Gal 2:6-9 lapho uPawulu ebheka khona, 'NgoNkulunkulu, Ubani owayesebenza enkonzweni kaPhetro njengomphostoli kumaJuda, futhi sasebenza enkonzweni yami njengomphostoli kwabezizwe.’ Kubonakala sengathi kunamazinga wobuphostoli, esukela kwasendaweni esontweni elibanzi lomhlaba wonke. Uma kunjalo, dinga ukuthi siqaphele kakhulu ukusebenzisa igama namuhla, Uma nje siqikelela ukuthi sichaza ukulinganiselwa kwezinkonzo ezinjalo futhi singavumeli isihloko sibe yindlela yokuhlukunyezwa komuntu siqu?

(Buyela okuqukethwe / Qhubeka ukufunda)