Xaqiiq tahay ee Axdiga Cusub – Diidmo iyo Jawaabo

… Sidaa darteed gabagabada macquulka ah, ku salaysan caddaynta gudaha, waa in injiilka ka hor dhicistii Yeruusaalem oo waxay ku salaysan yihiin markhaatifurka, oo lagu kabay qoraallo qoran.

Ma aha ilaa aad rumaysan tahay wax sii sheegidda!

Ma jiraan wax caddeyn ah oo u malaynaya in Ciise ku dhaqmay sidii a “tuubo”, hal mar, Oo Yuhuuddu waxay iyaga u jeedaan sida been ah “xuddun”, Asal ahaan wuxuu ahaa mid turjumaan ah oo Tawreed ah.

Xaqiiqdii! Haddii aad dhimayso waxsii sheegyada ay ku bilaabaneyso, Dabcan ma jiri doonaan caddeyn. Oo miyaad si dhab ah uga fileysaa Yuhuuddu inay u yeeraan nebi?

Laakiin xitaa gaalnimadu waa wax sii sheegidda ma aha sabab sax ah oo loo qaato xayeysiiska boosta 70 shukaansi. Maaddaama hal dhaleeceyn uu faallo ka bixiyay inta lagu gudajiro ka wada hadalka arrintan:

'Illaa iyo inta aan arki karo waxaa muuqata inay tahay laba xero:

1. Kooxda ayaa sheegaya in tixraacyada burburka Yeruusaalem ay muujinayaan in tani hore u dhacday;
2. kooxda ayaa sheegaya in tani ay wax sii sheegiddu ahayd;

Istaagnimadeyda ayaa ah in aragtida midkoodna ay lagama maarmaan tahay. Waxay u muuqataa mid quruxsan oo ku jira dhallaanka gacmaha ku jira, Cimiladaas siyaasadeed ee leh Masiixa kala duwan ee lagu soo dallacayo isku dayga ah inay ku daydo Judas Maccabeus, Roomaanka ayaa ugu dambeyntii iskiis u quudin lahaa oo burburin doona darbiyada magaalada, iwm. Saadaalinta deyrta ee Yeruusaalem si gaar ah uma fiicna, Marka midkoodna waa nacas, ama Ciise si fudud ayuu u sheegay in wax cad.

Waa nacasnimo in la qaato in saadaasha dukumiintiga ay tahay in la qoro dhacdada ka dib.’

Ku noqo maqaalka ugu muhiimsan.

Marka sida ay u imaadeen qaar 200,000 akhrinta kala duwanaanta kuwan 24,300 Duqo?

Waxaa mararka qaar lagu sheegaa in ay jiraan 150,000 iyo 200,000 akhrinta kaladuwan. Jaantuskaani wuxuu ku xisaabtamayaa xitaa erayga loo yaqaan 'Ereyga loo yaqaan' 'Aragtida kala duwanaanta' '; waxaana lagu tiriyaa dukumiinti kasta oo uu u muuqdo (i.e. Haddii isla majaajilo isku mid ah ay ku dhacdo 500 Duqo, taas waxaa loo tiriyaa sida 500 Kala duwanaansho)! Markaa haddii, tusaale ahaan, caaddil 10 Khaladaadka waxaa dhaxlay inta badan kuwan 24,300 qoraallada, Waxaan gaari laheyn 200,000 wadar ah. Sika u eg, Tiradan ma aha cabir macquul ah oo ku saabsan sax ahaanta qoraalka.

Ku noqo maqaalka ugu muhiimsan.

Falanqaynta qoraalka ah waxay muujineysaa in Muujintii uusan qorin qoraaga ee injiilka John!

Tani maahan run, Laakiin sheegasho ku saleysan doodaha ayaa ka soo baxay dhaleecaynta suugaanta, oo daboolaya waxyaabaha sida ereybixinta, naxwe, iwm..

Sida si buuxda looga wada hadlay goor dambe qodobka ugu weyn, daciifnimadeeda ayaa ah in ay ku guuldareysato inay sifiican ugu timaado kala duwanaanshaha qaabkan ka dhalatay waxa ka dhashay waxa ka jira ama duruufaha. Dhowr xaaladood ayaa ah kala duwanaanshaha noocaas ah oo lagu dhawaaqo marka la barbar dhigo hadalka wax sii sheegida iyo gabayada ee leh sheeko caadi ah. Si ka sii muhiimsan, Waxaan ognahay inuu John ka caawiyey dadka kale ee ku saabsan injiilkiisa (c.f. Jn 21:24). Wuxuu ahaa kalluumaysi oo Galilia, ma aha af-hayeenka Griiga ee Dhaladka Griiga. Laakiin wuxuu qoray wax kastoo uu yahay musaafuris ee patmos, where it is unlikely that he would have had the same helpers, haday jirto. Small wonder then, that the linguistic style is not the same.

Ku noqo maqaalka ugu muhiimsan.

Laakiin culimada intooda badani wali waxay rumaysan yihiin in injiilka Yooxanaa aan la qorin ilaa AD ka dib 90!

John was the only apostle not martyred, having been exiled to Patmos (Renji. 1:9), and he lived to a ripe old age (Jn. 21:23-4); so he could easily have written his gospel as late as the AD 90’s, which currently remains the more popular dating amongst a majority of scholars.

The recent suggestions that this should be dated much earlier (besides being more consistent with the testimony of the early fathers and with the absence of any reference to the destruction of the temple having occurred) are based upon evidence from the Dead Sea Scrolls. These have proved that concepts in John’s gospel which were formerly held by higher critics in ay ka soo jeedaan asal ahaan asal ahaan waxay ku sugan yihiin maalin uun.

Ku noqo maqaalka ugu muhiimsan.

Haddii Yooxanaa la qoray wax badan ka hor Injiillada Synoptic waa yaab inay raaci waayeen xisaabta Yooxanaa ee dhacdooyinka…

Dheelitirka fikirka, oo ay ku jiraan maragga kaniisadda hore, wali waxay u muuqan doontaa inay taariikhdu tahay John ka dib cilladaha. Laakiin 'hordhaca' John’ aragti, waxay u adeegtaa in ay hoosta ka xariiqdo illaa iyo inta ay cadeymo dhowaan ay xaqiijisay dabeecadda casriga ah ee xisaabaadkaan.

Si kastaba ha noqotee qorayaasha Synoptic daruuri maahan inay raacaan John haddii aysan isku dayaya inay been sheegaan sheeko. Markaa, mid ayaa filan lahaa inay aad uga taxadaraan inay sheekooyinkooda joogaan. Laakin, In kasta oo John ka qoran yahay gees toosan (diiradda saaraya inbadan oo ku saabsan wadahadal gaar ah oo keliya 7 mucjisooyinka la xushay), Isku day la'aanta ah ee lagu daboolayo khayaanooyinka muuqata waxay muujineysaa in been-taxaadu uusan ahayn ujeedka.

Dhab ahaan, In kasta oo aysan jirin wax caddeyn ah oo ah isku dhac, Imtixaanka ugu dhow ee khaladaadka muuqda ayaa had iyo jeer ka caawin kara iftiinka daadinta dhinacyada aan la sharixin ee Injiillada kale. Tusaale ahaan, Muxuu kalluumeysatada uga tagay shabagyadoodii si dhaqso ah markii Ciise u yeedhay? Xisaabta John ayaa muujisay in tani aysan la kulmin ugu horreysay ee Ciise.

Ku noqo maqaalka ugu muhiimsan.

Sida uu sheegay Professor Mack, Warqadaha Bawlos waxay dabooleen xilliga CE 55 ku 85.

Tani waa mid aad u badan aragtida laga tirada badan yahay, maadaama culimada badankood (oo ay ku jiraan kuwa liita) Taariikhda dhimashada Bawlos ee ku taal AD 62. Laakiin waxaa jira wax la isla dhexmaro oo ah in laga yaabo in la sii daayay oo loo safray Spain ka hor waxad Shaadida ka hor; Sidaas darteed u oggolaanaya qaar ka mid ah qoraalkiisa si loo qoro xayeysiiska boostada 62. Tani wax saameyn ah kuma lahan ansaxnimada dukumiintiyada, si kastaba ha ahaatee, Maaddaama tani ay ugu horreyntu ku saabsan tahay is-hoosaad oo ku saabsan shukaansi; Soo-qoraaga.

(N.B. CE (Marxaladda caadiga ah) waa uun beddelaad casri ah oo casri ah oo loo maro xayeysiiska (Sannaddii Rabbiga, Sannadka Rabbiga). Taariikhaha waa isku mid. Qaar badan oo aan dan ka lahayn in la xasuusiyo in Masiixa oo taariikhdiisu ay u tartami doonaan iyaga oo aasaaska u ah nidaamkeena casriga ah ee shukaansi.)

Ku noqo maqaalka ugu muhiimsan.

Casri ah? Waxa jira farqi soddon sannadood ah! Markaa, Kaliya dareenka ah in qorayaasha la sheegay ay weli nool yihiin: ma aha dhacdooyinka ay ku tilmaamaan.

Ka badan 20, Xaaladda waraaqaha Paul. Laakiin ma xasuusan kartaa dhacdooyin muhiim ah oo ka dhacay noloshaada 30 sano ka hor? Haddii aad la kulan la yeelatay qof loo maleynayo inuu dhinto, Miyaanad awoodin inaad xasuusato wixii dhacay? Xitaa oo leh xusuusta aan la aqoonsan oo weli waad akhrisan kartaa, Dhammaad gabadh-kaamil ah, heesaha xanaanada lagu hayo ee aad ku baratay ilmo ahaan. Intee in le'eg oo kuwa loo tababaray caruurnimadiisii ​​hore si ay u sameeyaan qaybo badan oo ah waxbarista quduuska ah xusuusta?

Waxaan xasuusan karnaa dhacdooyinka dhacay waqti dheer, Laakiin waxaan si weyn uga shaki qabin marag ka dib marqaati kasta oo sheegtay inuu si sax ah u xasuusto waxa la yidhi 30 sano ka hor; oo si cad qorayaasha Injiillada ma aysan awoodin inay sidaas sameeyaan ama akoonada oo dhan way aqbali doonaan.

Farqiga u dhexeeya koontada xusuusta si aad u fiican u kala duwanaanshaha faahfaahinta sheekada. Dadka intiisa badani waxay runtii si dhib ah ugu adkaan doonaan inay xasuustaan ​​wadahadal aan caadi ahayn: Laakiin sida kor lagu soo saaray, Xitaa maanta waxaan si fudud u xasuusan karnaa qaybo badan oo gabayo ah ama riwaayad bartay sanado badan kahor. Dhaqanka Ciise’ Maalin ayaa loo rogay xasuusta noocaas ah, Oo sidaasuu Ciise ahaa’ Qaabka waxbarida. Ku dar in jiritaanka uruurinta kala duwan ee Ciise’ Erayada, sida xusuus-qorka, oo waxaad haysataa sharraxaad buuxda oo iskuxiran oo ku saabsan qaabka ay qorayaasha injiilku u diyaarin karaan akoonkooda, Kororka iyo wax ka qabashada sheekada si waafaqsan dib-u-dejintooda shaqsiyeed.

Ku noqo maqaalka ugu muhiimsan.

Englopaedia ee Britannica Taariikhda Markos to to to tobanka sano ka hor burburka macbudka iyo inta dambe oo dhan mar dambe.

Guud ahaan maahan in lagula dhaqmo EB sida tilmaanta u ah xaaladdii ugu dambeysay ee fikradaha aqoonyahannada ah ee ku saabsan arrimaha dood taariikhi ah. Waxaa lagu buufiyaa dib u eegis weyn oo keliya waqtiyo dheer, taas oo ah marka lambarada daabacaadda uu isbedelo. Dib u eegista qodobbada shaqsiyeed, ama ku darista qodobbada cusub, Caadi ahaan waxay dhacdaa inta udhaxeysa daabacadaha oo keliya halka ay jirto jir muhiim ah oo xog cusub la heli karo. Maqaallada taariikhiga ah ayaa dhif ah oo dhexmara inta u dhexeysa arrimaha sababta muuqda ee ah in la joojiyo in goos goos goos ah uu caadiyan isbedelo si tartiib tartiib ah.

Qeybaha kala duwan ayaa la cusbooneysiiyaa meeshii looga baahdo sanad walba. Look at the piece on the Dead Sea Scrolls for instance!

Articles on the Dead Sea Scrolls have been updated for the simple reason that a huge amount of new material has come to light in the past 20 sano; especially after the Israel Antiquities Authority agreed to make them more generally available to the scholastic world in 1992. Note also that subsequent study of some of this very material has contributed significantly to the acceptance of earlier datings of the gospels, particularly that of John.

Do not be confused by the copyright or publication dates on a particular copy of the EB. The current, or 15th, edition (as of 1997) was first published in 1974, and none of the sections dealing with the dating of the NT documents have been updated since then. This may be confirmed by referring to the EB Year Book. Since the conclusions reported here represent a more recent swing in theological and critical thought, the discrepancy between these dates and those reported in the EB is hardly surprising.

Tusaale ahaan, the main article on ‘Biblical Literature’ was jointly authored by Rev. Krister Stendahl and Emilie T. Sander. Sander died in 1976, which was the same year that the book ‘Redating the New Testament’ by John A.T. Robinson was first published. Robinson himself was no conservative theologian, but a noted liberal scholar and New Testament specialist of considerable standing. Another of his books, ‘Honest to God’, caused a storm in the late 60’s by seemingly rejecting the traditional concept of God.

Ku noqo maqaalka ugu muhiimsan.

The two nativity accounts almost seem to contradict one another in places. – U eeg? Waxay sameeyaan!

Close examination shows each is an incomplete account from the perspective of a different witness (Luke’s account could only be from Mary whereas Matthew’s must have come from Joseph, possibly via his son, Yak, who became the leader of the Jerusalem church). Try comparing them:

• Matthew starts with Joseph’s shock at learning of Mary’s pregnancy, and the dream he has reassuring him. He doesn’t describe the actual birth at all, other than to mention it was in Bethlehem, then continues with the narrative of the arrival of the wise men (some time later, sida muuqata, because by this time they are no longer in the stable) and the dreams warning them and Joseph to escape from Herod. All these details appear to come from Joseph’s perspective.
• Luke begins with the vision of Zacharias (Yooxanaa Baabtiisaha Yooxanaa Baabtiisaha inuu noqdo) Macbudka, Ka dib wuxuu u socdaa kulanka Maryan ee ay la yeelato Gabriel qaar 3 bilood ka dib, waxaa ku xigay booqashadeeda ee Elisabeth (inaadeerkeed iyo John hooyadeed). Tan waxaa ku xiga dhalashada John. Luukos ayaa markaa sharxaya sababta Yuusuf iyo Maryan ay u tagtay Beytlaxam, waxaa ku xigay dhalashada iyo booqashadii malaa'igaha adhijirrada. Kadib wuxuu sharaxay dhacdooyinka Ciise’ Gudniinka usbuuc dambe. Xaaladdan oo kale, Faahfaahinta oo dhami waxay u muuqdaan inay ka yimaadeen Maryan, Ku alla kii uu inoo sheegayo, 'Waxaas oo dhan ka soo saaray oo dhan oo qalbigeeda kaga fikiray’ (Luukos 2:19).

Taasi waa ku filan tahay – Ku noqo maqaalka ugu weyn.

Jeceshahay Qiyaasta.

Xoogaa, haa: laakiin wax badan maahan. Guud ahaan waa la aqbalay in Yuusuf dhintay ka hor intuusan Ciise bilaabay wasaaraddiisa; Laakiin isagu waa isha kaliya ee laga helo macluumaadka ku saabsan riyooyinkiisa, Marka su'aashu waa, Kumaa u sheegay? Maaddaama Matthew u lahan wax sheeko ah oo ka socota aragtida Maryan iyadu ma aha ashyaax koocooyin ah oo ah kan ku dhex maray akoonkan. Ciise’ Walaalayaal waxay xubno ka ahaayeen kaniisaddii hore waxayna si wanaagsan u maqli karaan Yuusuf oo ka hadla waxyaalahaas, Markaa waa musharixiin cad.

Qaarkood waxay u arkaan ahmiyad weyn oo ka soo baxa xisaabta akoonka magaalada Magi iyo silsiladda Hexodos ee ka yimaadda injiilka Luke: Laakiin haddii Luukos uusan si fudud u maqlin in qayb ka mid ah sheekada uu ka qori karin. Sida oo kale, Da'da carruurta ay gawraceen Herodos waxay soo jeedinayaan in shilkan laga yaabo inay dhacdo waqti ka dib dhalashada Ciise.

Dhaqanka waqtiyada guud ahaan waxay bixisaa fiiro gaar ah oo nolosha hore ee hoggaamiyeyaasha waaweyn, diiradda saaraya halkii ay camal ahaan u gaysteen sida dadka waaweyn. Ma jiraan wax caddeyn ah oo ku saabsan xaaladaha Ciise’ Caruurnimadu waxay ka cayaartay qayb muhiim ah oo ku saabsan barista kaniisadda Axdiga Cusub (Waxay diiradda saareen Ciise kor u kacay, Rabbigay sare – c.f. 2 Korintos 5:16), Marka ma ahan wax la yaab leh haddii Luukos, nin aan Yuhuudi ahayn, ma maqal tan.

Taasi waa ku filan tahay – Ku noqo maqaalka ugu weyn.

Dhibaatada weyn ayaa ah ku darista Magi ee Matthew.

Hadaad u jeeddo, Sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen mageians (loo arkaa inay tahay sixirro ee NT), Markaa shaki kuma jiro in tani ay aad ugu naxsan lahayd Yuhuudda othodox ah: Laakiin waa mid la jaan qaada Ciise’ Farriin ah in Injiil loogu talagalay inuu saameyn ku yeesho qaramada, In kasta oo laga bilaabo Yuhuudda.

Seegay barta, Waan ka baqayaa. Inta badan Masiixiyiintu waxay ka helaan fikradda ah astrology wax yar, in la yiraahdo ugu yar! Xiriirinta muuqata waa zoroastrianism, Dabcan. (Laakiin ha u sheegin Masiixiyiinta otomadka ah in – Waa wax yar oo laga xishoodo).

Maya, Taasi waa sax (Marka laga reebo in xiriirinta qaaska ah ee Zoroastriam ay tahay mid la mid ah). Matthew ayaa si fiican uga warqabin lahaa nooca magiets laftiisa laftiisa markii uu duubay koontadaas. Markaa halkan waxay ahaayeen niman ka yimid waddan shisheeye, ku hawlan hab-dhaqanka karaahiyo ah ee Yuhuudda (Weligaa ha ka fikirin Nasaarada). Weli, rabitaankooda dhabta ah inay ku turunturooday wax ka dhisi kara inay yimaadaan doonista boqorka Yuhuudda. Waxay heleen isaga, caabud isaga, oo markii dambe doortaan inaad adeecdo Ilaah halkii Herodos.

Ku noqo maqaalka ugu muhiimsan.