Izilinganiso ezivela kumadokhumenti alahlekile.

Imibhalo ecashuniwe emibhalweni yoFata besonto lokuqala yembula ukuthi kwakukhona lapho kukhulunywa ngoJesu kwezinye izincwadi zezwe esingaziboni manje..

Izenzo zikaPilatu

UJustin Martyr, cishe ngo-AD 150, wabhala evikela ukholo lobuKristu kumbusi waseRoma u-Antonius Pius:

‘Kwathi esebethelwe esiphambanweni benza inkatho ngesambatho sakhe, lalabo ababembethela esiphambanweni behlukaniselana. Futhi ukuthi lezi zinto zenzeka ungaqinisekisa ngezEnzo zikaPontiyu Pilatu.’

Kanti kwenye indawo uthi:

‘Ukuthi wenza lezi zimangaliso ungase uzithole usunelisa kalula “IzEnzo” kaPontiyu Pilatu.’

Lezi ‘zenzo’ kwakuyimibhalo engokomthetho eyathunyelwa eRoma ngababusi bezifundazwe. U-Justin ngabe ube yisiphukuphuku sokubhala into efana nalena kuMbusi uma engenaso isiqiniseko ngamaqiniso akhe: kodwa wayeyisifundiswa esinesiphiwo kakhulu futhi engenaso isiphukuphuku. Ngokudabukisayo, nokho, le mibhalo yemilando ayizange isinde kuze kube namuhla (idokhumenti yekhulunyaka yesi-4 yaleli gama iwumgunyathi owamukelwayo.)

Abamelene nabo bazama ukuphakamisa ukuthi bacekelwe phansi ngamabomu: kodwa iqiniso elimsulwa ukuthi zikhona kungekho imibhalo esaphila yalolu hlobo kusuka yimuphi Isifundazwe saseRoma sangaleso sikhathi.

UThallus noPhlegon

Ikhofi yase-Afrika (c.221 AD) lisitshela ukuthi isazi-mlando sekhulu lokuqala uThallus, emqulwini wesithathu we-Histories yakhe, wazama ukuchaza ubumnyama ngesikhathi sikaJesu’ ukufa ngokufiphala kwelanga. U-Africanus uveza kahle ukuthi uThallus’ incazelo ayivumelekile. Ukhuluma nangesinye isazi-mlando, I-Phlegon, ibhekisela ‘ekusitheka kwelanga’ cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo. Njengoba kuvame ukuba njalo ngemilando emidala enjalo, izingcezu ze-Africanus kuphela’ umsebenzi wokuqala wemiqulu emihlanu uyasinda. Imibhalo yakhe ngale ndaba ilondolozwe ohlwini lokulandelana kwezikhathi zomlando womhlaba olwahlanganiswa nguGeorge Syncellus cishe ngo-800AD.:

“Kusuka ku-Africanus mayelana nezehlakalo ezihambisana nothando loMsindisi kanye noVuko oluletha ukuphila

“Mayelana nezenzo zakhe kanye nokwelapha kwakhe, kokubili kwemizimba nemiphefumulo, nezimfihlo zolwazi lwakhe, kanye nokuVuka kwakhe kwabafileyo, lokhu kuye kwachazwa ngokwanele okuphelele ngabafundi bakhe nabaphostoli abangaphambi kwethu. Ubumnyama obubi kakhulu behlela emhlabeni wonke, amadwala aqhekezwa ukuzamazama komhlaba, nezindawo eziningi eJudiya nasemhlabeni wonke zaphonswa phansi.

“Encwadini yesithathu yomlando wakhe, UThallos uchitha lobu bumnyama njengokufiphala kwelanga. Ngombono wami, umbhedo lo. Ngokuba amaHeberu agubha iPhasika ngoLuna 14, futhi okwenzeka kuMsindisi kwenzeka ngolunye usuku ngaphambi kwePhasika. Kodwa ukusitheka kwelanga kwenzeka lapho inyanga idlula ngaphansi kwelanga. Isikhathi kuphela lapho lokhu kungenzeka khona siphakathi kosuku lokuqala lwenyanga entsha nosuku lokugcina lwenyanga endala., lapho sebehlangene. Pho umuntu wayengakholwa kanjani ukufiphala kwelanga kube inyanga icishe imelene nelanga? Makube njalo. Okwenzekile makudukise uquqaba, futhi ake lesi sibonakaliso esimangalisayo emhlabeni sithathwe njengokufiphala kwelanga ngokusebenzisa i-optical (inkohliso).

“UPhlegon ubhala ukuthi phakathi nokubusa kukaTiberiyu Caesar kwaba nokusitheka kwelanga okuphelele enyangeni egcwele kusukela ngehora lesithupha kuya kwelesishiyagalolunye.; kuyacaca ukuthi nguye lo. Kodwa yini ehlobene nokusitheka kokuzamazama komhlaba, amadwala ehlukana phakathi, ukuvuka kwabafileyo, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwendawo yonke yalolu hlobo?

“Impela umcimbi omkhulu kangaka kade ungakhunjuzwa. Kodwa kwakuwubumnyama obadalwa nguNkulunkulu, ngoba kwenzeka ukuthi uJehova wezwa inkanuko yakhe ngaleso sikhathi.” (UGeorge Syncellus, ecaphuna u-Africanus, e
Izingcaphuno ezivela “I-Chronography”.* )

* Kusuka “I-Chronography kaGeorge Synkellos: I-Byzantine Chronicle Yomlando Wendawo Yonke kusukela Ekudalweni”, nguWilliam Adler & Paul Tuffin, I-Oxford University Press (2002).

Abanye abahlaziyi bamgxekile u-Africanus ngokuhlonza ‘ukusitheka kwelanga kukaPhlegon’ nekaThallus. Nokho, uma noma yisiphi isitatimende esishiwo ku-Phlegon mayelana nobude besikhathi noma isimo senyanga silungile, akachazi ukufiphala kwelanga. Isikhathi esiphezulu sobumnyama sokufiphala kwelanga simayelana 7.5 imizuzu: -I 3 amahora.

U-Phlegon wabhala imilando yakhe (eyaziwa ngokuthi 'Ama-Olympiads') maqondana 140 Isikhangiso. Ubuye acashunwe ngu-Origen ku 248 Isikhangiso, Ngokulandelayo:

“Manje uPhlegon, encwadini yeshumi nantathu noma yeshumi nane, Ngiyacabanga, yeziKronike zakhe, akazange nje anike uJesu ulwazi lwezenzakalo zesikhathi esizayo (nakuba ewela ekudidekeni ngezinye izinto ezibhekise kuPetru, njengokungathi babhekisela kuJesu), kodwa futhi wafakaza ukuthi umphumela uhambisana nezibikezelo zakhe. Ukuze, naye futhi, ngazo kanye lezi zivumo eziphathelene nokwazi kusengaphambili, njengokungathi uphambene nentando yakhe, wezwakalisa umbono wakhe wokuthi izimfundiso ezifundiswa obaba besimiso sethu azinawo amandla kaNkulunkulu.” (“NgoCelsus” Bhukha 2, Isahluko 14.)

“Futhi mayelana nokusitheka kwelanga ngesikhathi sikaTiberiyu Khesari, ekubuseni kwakhe uJesu abonakala ebethelwe esiphambanweni, lokuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu okwaba khona ngalesosikhathi, Phlegon futhi, Ngiyacabanga, ulobile encwadini yeshumi nantathu noma yeshumi nane yeziKronike zakhe.” (“NgoCelsus” Bhukha 2, Isahluko 33.)

“Mayelana nalaba esinabo emakhasini andulelayo senze ukuzivikela kwethu, ngokwamandla ethu, ethula ubufakazi bukaPhlegon, olandisa ukuthi lezi zehlakalo zenzeka ngesikhathi uMsindisi wethu ehlupheka.” (“NgoCelsus” Bhukha 2, Isahluko 59.)

Buyela esihlokweni esikhulu.