Chingwa chedu chemazuva ese

Pane kushandiswa kunofadza kweshoko rechiGiriki muMunyengetero waShe risingawaniki kupi nokupi mumabhuku echiGiriki aripo.. Ndiro chirevo, ‘epiousis'; yagara ichiturikirwa ichinzi 'zuva nezuva’ mumutsara, ‘chingwa chedu chemazuva ose.’

Ehe saizvozvo, Jesu haana kutaura nevadzidzi vake nechiGiriki. Angadai aitaura nechiAramaic, mutauro werudzi rwaIsraeri panguva iyoyo. saka ‘epiousis‘ iro pacharo ishanduro: asi chii? St Jerome, pakugadzira shanduro yeLatin Vulgate mukupera kwezana ramakore rechina, akariita ‘sezuva nezuva’ in Luke 11:3: asi se 'supersubstantial’ in Matthew 6:11. Nyanzvi mumazana emakore ose dzakakakavara pamusoro perevo chaiyoiyo: asi vazhinji vanoramba kushandurwa kwe‘zuva nezuva’ sokunge zvose zvisina kufanira (nokuti mazwi, ‘nhasi’ varipowo) uye zvisingaite (uchiona kuti kune mazwi mashoma asinganzwisisike angadai akashandiswa).

Zvisinei, shanduro dzakataurwa dzave dzakawanda uye dzakasiyana-siyana. Zvinoita kunge musanganiswa we ‘epi‘ uye chimiro chechimwe ‘eimi‘ ('kuvapo') kana ‘heimi‘ ('Togo'). Kubva ‘epi‘ ine zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvinoreva, kazhinji nenzira yekuve pamusoro kana kupfuura maererano nenguva, chinzvimbo, etc., mazano anosanganisira pfungwa dzakadai se'zvakakosha kuti uvepo,’ ‘zvemangwana’ kana kuti 'kwezuva rinouya', ‘mukuwanda,’ ‘izvo hazviperi,’ nezvimwewo. Dzakawanda dzeidzi shanduro dzinoverengerwa zvese zvinoshanda uye zvemweya kana eschatological zvinoreva. Asi vazhinji vavo vanotamburawo nedambudziko iro, dai izvi zvanga zviri izvo zvairehwa, sei munyori asina kushandisa commoner, izwi rinonzwisiswa zviri nyore?

Kana uchiturikira pakati pemitauro, zvinoreva mazwi kazhinji anopindirana; kuitira kuti shoko mumutauro mumwe rive nerevo dzakasiyana-siyana uye mubatanidzwa zvingasanzwisiswa zvakakodzera nguva dzose mumutauro uye tsika.. Ini ndinokurudzira kuti izvi zvimwe ndizvo zvakaitika pano: shoko rakashandiswa naJesu raiva nerevo dzakawanda uye mubatanidzwa zvaizoita kuti mushanduri ashandise mashoko akawanda kuti abudise pfungwa yakazara yezvarinoreva.. Asi Jesu’ munyengetero wakapiwa somuenzaniso wokupfava uye mupfupi: saka mushanduri haana kuda kuita izvozvo. Chisarudzo chake chaitevera chakanakisisa chaiva chokubatanidza mashoko maviri pamwe chete kuti aedze kupa pfungwa yokudzama kwerevo mune zvakanga zvataurwa naJesu.. Chaizvoizvo, zvandiri kutaura ndezvekuti pamwe mune chokwadi mune zvakawanda, kana zvisiri zvose, yezvifungidziro zviri pachena zvinogona kutorwa kubva mukuparara chaiko kwekomboni, ‘epi-ousis.’

Asi ishoko ripi rekutanga rakashandiswa naJesu rakakonzera mushanduri dambudziko rakadaro? Ini ndinofunga zano rakasimudzwa naKenneth Bailey mu 'Jesu kuburikidza neMiddle-Eastern Eyes’¹ ndiyo inonzwisisika. Anotinongedzera kuzana ramakore rechipiri ‘Old Syriac’ shanduro yechiGiriki; inova ndiyo shanduro yekutanga inozivikanwa yeTestamente Itsva uye iri mumutauro uri pedyo zvikuru nechiAramaic chaitaurwa naJesu.. Izvi zvinoshandisa izwi ‘ameno,’ iro muchiSyriac rinoreva kuti ‘chinogara, asingaregi, isingapere kana kusingaperi.’ Inobva pamudzi mumwechete neizwi rechiHebheru ‘Amen,‘ zvichireva kuti ‘kuva akasimba, zvakasimbiswa, akavimbika, akatendeka, ivai nokutenda, tendai.’ Yaiwanzoshandiswa naJesu kusuma zvaakanga ataura: ‘Chokwadi (‘amen') ndinoti kwamuri…’ (kazhinji kakapetwa kaviri kuitira kusimbisa kwakawedzerwa maererano nevhangeri yaJohani). Kushandiswa kwaro kwakajairwa kwaive sekusimbisa pakupera kwemunamato, mupfungwa ye, ‘Zvagadziriswa.’ Rikashandiswa nenzira idzi rakangoturikirwa muchiGiriki, kwarinowanikwa kakawanda muevhangeri; uye rinotoshandiswa kupedzisa munamato uyu mukati Matthew 6:13.

Asi kana Jesu akashandisa izwi iri sechireva, kutsanangura chingwa, aizova ari kufungidzira zvakajeka chimwe chinhu chinopfuura idi rakapfava rokuti akanga achikumbira ‘chaiyo’ chingwa: zvinoreva kuti tinofanira kufunga nezvekukura uye tsika dzemashoko acho kuti tinzwisise zvaanoreva kuna Jesu nevadzidzi vake..

Zvinorehwa neshanduro yeOld Syriac zviri pachena kuti chikamu chayo. Munamato unosimbisa kuvimbika kwakakwana kwekupa kwaMwari, seizvo Jesu akadzidzisa vadzidzi vake:

Saka, Ndinoti kwauri, usafunganya nezvehupenyu hwako: zvamuchadya, kana zvamuchanwa; kana muviri wenyu, zvauchapfeka. Hupenyu hahusi hunopfuura chikafu, uye muviri kupfuura zvipfeko? Tarirai shiri dzokudenga;, kuti havadyari, uye havakohwi, kana kuunganidza mumatura. Baba venyu vari kudenga vanodzipa zvokudya. Iwe hausi wekukosha zvakanyanya kupfuura ivo? (Mat 6:25-26)

Asi pane zvimwe. Funga nezvehurukuro yakanyorwa muna Johani, chitsauko 6, vanhu pavakauya kuna Jesu achangopedza kupa zvokudya 5,000, vachida kumuita mambo:

Jesu akavapindura, “Zvirokwazvo zvirokwazvo ndinokuudza, munonditsvaka, kwete nekuti makaona zviratidzo, asi nokuti makadya zvingwa, uye vakazadzwa. Usashandira chikafu chinoparara, asi zvokudya zvinogara kuupenyu husingaperi, zvamuchapiwa noMwanakomana woMunhu. Nokuti Mwari Baba vakamuisa chisimbiso.”

Naizvozvo vakati kwaari, “Chii chatinofanira kuita, kuti tishande mabasa aMwari?”

Jesu akavapindura, “Iri ibasa raMwari, kuti mutende kuna iye waakatuma.”

Naizvozvo vakati kwaari, “Chii chaunoita iwe chiratidzo, kuti tione, uye tenda iwe? Ndeipi basa raunoita iwe? Madzitateguru edu akadya mana mugwenga. Sezvazvakanyorwa, 'Akavapa chingwa kubva kudenga kunodya.’ “

Naizvozvo Jesu akati kwavari:, “Zvirokwazvo, Ndinoti kwauri, Haasi Mosesi akakupa chingwa kubva kudenga, asi Baba vangu vanokupa chingwa chechokwadi kubva kudenga. Nekuti chingwa chaMwari ndechekuti chinoburuka kubva kudenga, uye inopa hupenyu kune nyika.”

Naizvozvo vakati kwaari, “Ishe, Gara uchitipa chingwa ichi.”

Jesu akati kwavari, “Ini ndiri chingwa chehupenyu. Uyo anouya kwandiri haangazonzwa nzara, Uye anotenda kwandiri haangatongovi nenyota. (John 6:26-35)

Vanhu vakauya vachitsvaka zvokudya zvinovimbika, semana yakadyiwa navaIsraeri parwendo rwavo naMozisi murenje. Asi Jesu’ mhinduro yaive yekuti ichi hachisi chingwa chechokwadi. Ari; uye vanhu vaifanira kuisa kutenda kwavo maari. Cherekedza kuti tsinhiro huru ya‘Ameni’ inotakura pfungwa yezvose zviri zviviri chokwadi nokutenda.

Pfungwa yemana inobva kudenga yakanga yakadzika midzi mutsika dzechiJudha, mose muri muviri mumurangariro waro wenhau uye setariro yomunguva yemberi pakuuya kwaMesia. Kenneth Bailey anotaura kuti St Jerome anoreva kopi ye‘Evhangeri yavaHebheru.’ inoturikira mutsara uyu ichiti ‘Tipei chingwa chedu chamangwana.’

Uye pakupedzisira, asi kwete, tine chokwadi chokuti Jesu akaona rufu rwake pachake sechibayiro chePaseka chokupedzisira, uyo aizova tsime rechingwa chechokwadi choupenyu chenyika:

Ini ndiri chingwa chehupenyu. Madzitateguru ako akadya mana kugwenga, uye vakafa. Ichi chingwa chinoburuka kubva kudenga, kuti chero munhu angazvidya nazvo uye kwete kufa. Ini ndiri chingwa chipenyu chakaburuka kubva kudenga. Kana paine munhu anodya chingwa ichi, Achararama Nokusingaperi. Ehe, Chingwa chandichachipa cheupenyu hwenyika inyama yangu.”

MaJuda saka akapokana, achiti, “Munhu uyu angatipa sei nyama yake kuti tidye?”

Naizvozvo Jesu akati kwavari:, “Zvirokwazvo zvirokwazvo ndinokuudza, Kunze kwekunge iwe wadya nyama yeMwanakomana wemunhu uye unonwa ropa rake, Iwe hauna hupenyu mauri. Iye anodya nyama yangu uye anonwa ropa rangu ane hupenyu hwusingaperi, uye ini ndichamumutsa pazuva rekupedzisira. Nekuti nyama yangu chikafu zvirokwazvo, Uye ropa rangu rinomwa zvirokwazvo. Iye anodya nyama yangu uye anonwa ropa rangu anogara mandiri, uye ini maari. Sezvo Baba vapenyu vakandituma, uye ndinorarama nekuda kwaBaba; saka uyo anodya pandiri, Achararamawo nekuda kwangu. Ichi chingwa chakaburuka kubva kudenga, kwete sezvakaita madzibaba edu madzibaba edu, uye akafa. Unodya chingwa ichi, uchararama nekusingaperi.” (John 6:48-58)

Jesu aida kuti nguva iyi izadziswe (imwe chirevo che ‘amen') uye vaishuva kuti vaisazotongozvikanganwa:

Akati kwavari, “Ndanga ndichishuva kwazvo kuti ndidye paseka iyi nemi ndisati ndatambudzika, nokuti ndinokuudzai, Handichazodyizve pairi kusvikira yazadziswa muumambo hwaMwari.” Akagamuchira mukombe, uye akati avonga, akati, “Tora izvi, uye mugovane pakati penyu, nokuti ndinokuudzai, handichatongonwi zvibereko zvomuzambiringazve, kusvikira umambo hwaMwari hwasvika.” Akatora chingwa, uye akati avonga, akachityora, akavapa, achiti, “Uyu ndiwo muviri wangu wakapiwa kwamuri. itai izvi muchindirangarira.” (Luk 22:15-19)

Mubhuku raZvakazarurwa, Johane anotsanangura kuti Jesu akazvidaidza sei kuti iye ‘Amen‘ raMwari:

Nyorera mutumwa wekereke iri paRaodhikia: “The Amen, Chapupu Chakatendeka uye Chechokwadi, Musoro wezvisikwa zvaMwari, anotaura zvinhu izvi: … ” (Rev 3:14)

Jesu paakadzidzisa munyengetero uyu, evhangeri dzinoratidza kuti aitove neruzivo rwakajeka rwechinangwa chake chekupedzisira. Saka Angadai akave nezvose zviri pamusoro achizviona sezvaaitaura. Asi vadzidzi vake nemapoka evanhu vaiteerera havana kufanoona: naizvozvo kufunga kwavo kwokutanga kungadai kwaiva zvikurukuru pamusoro pezvokudya uye bviro yemana yokudenga. Zvisinei, mushanduri wedu asingazivikanwi akawana betsero yokuona zviri shure – sezvakaita Jesu vose’ vateveri mumakore anotevera.

saka, kana tichifunga nezvese zvakataurwa naJesu’ Mashoko, ‘Tipei nhasi wedu ‘amen‘ chingwa,’ zviri nyore kuona kuti nei mushanduri wechiKristu anotaura chiAramaic angatamburira kuwana shoko chero ripi zvaro muchiGiriki kuti abudise pfungwa ine pfungwa huru kwazvo ine revo.. Zvinoshamisa here izvozvo, pakuedza kutsvaga izwi rekutsanangura chingwa ichi, akatanga kugadzira izwi idzva rakabatanidzwa rinogona kunzwisiswa zvakasiyana-siyana sechinhu chakadaro, ‘urongwa hwechokwadi uye huzhinji hunopfuura chokwadi chose uye nokusingaperi?’

Mashoko omuzasi

1. ‘Jesu Nemaziso ekuMiddle-Eastern Meso’ Kenneth E. Bailey, SPCK Publishing (21 Mar. 2008), Pg. 121. (ISBN 978-0281059751)