Chakudya Chathu Daily

Pali kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kochititsa chidwi kwa liwu Lachigiriki m’Pemphero la Ambuye kumene sikupezeka kwina kulikonse m’mabuku achigiriki omwe alipo.. Ndilo mlongosoledwe, ‘epiousis'; mwamwambo amamasuliridwa kuti 'tsiku ndi tsiku’ mu mawu, ‘chakudya chathu chatsiku ndi tsiku.’

Kumene, Yesu sanalankhule ophunzira ake m’Chigiriki. Iye ayenera kuti ankalankhula m’Chiaramu, chinenero cha mbadwa cha Israyeli pa nthawiyo. Choncho ‘epiousis‘ palokha ndi kumasulira: koma za chiyani? St Jerome, popanga kumasulira kwa Latin Vulgate kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 4, amawamasulira ngati ‘tsiku ndi tsiku’ mu Luke 11:3: koma ngati 'chapamwamba’ mu Matthew 6:11. Akatswiri kwa zaka mazana ambiri akhala akutsutsana ponena za tanthauzo lenileni: koma ambiri amakana kumasulira kwa ‘tsiku ndi tsiku’ monga zonse zosafunikira (chifukwa mawu, 'tsiku lino’ nawonso alipo) ndi zosatheka (powona kuti pali mawu ochepa osadziwika omwe akanatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito).

Komabe, matembenuzidwe omwe aperekedwa akhala ambiri komanso osiyanasiyana. Zikuwoneka kuti ndizophatikiza ‘epi‘ ndi mawonekedwe kapena ‘eimi‘ ('kukhalapo') kapena ‘heimi‘ ('kupita'). Kuyambira ‘epi‘ ali ndi matanthauzo osiyanasiyana, kawirikawiri pamodzi ndi kukhala pamwamba kapena kupitirira malinga ndi nthawi, udindo, ndi zina., malingaliro amaphatikizapo malingaliro monga 'ofunikira kuti munthu akhalepo,’ ‘za m’tsogolo’ kapena 'kwa tsiku likubwera', ‘mochuluka,’ ‘izo sizikutha,’ ndi zina. Ambiri mwa matembenuzidwewa amanenedwa kuti ndi othandiza komanso auzimu kapena matanthauzo a eschatological. Koma ambiri a iwo amavutikanso ndi vuto lomwe, ichi chikanakhala tanthauzo lake, chifukwa chiyani wolemba sanagwiritse ntchito wamba, mawu omveka bwino?

Pomasulira pakati pa zilankhulo, matanthauzo a mawu nthawi zambiri amagwirizana; kotero kuti liwu la m’chinenero chimodzi limakhala ndi matanthauzo ndi kugwirizana kosiyanasiyana komwe sikungamveke bwino nthaŵi zonse m’chinenero chimene akumasuliracho ndi chikhalidwe chake.. Ndinganene kuti mwina ndi zomwe zachitika pano: mawu amene Yesu anagwiritsa ntchito anali ndi matanthauzo ndi mayanjano angapo amene akanakakamiza womasulirayo kugwiritsira ntchito mawu ambiri kuti apereke tanthauzo lonse la tanthauzo lake.. Koma Yesu’ pemphero linaperekedwa monga chitsanzo cha kuphweka ndi kufupikitsa: kotero womasulirayo sanafune kutero. Chotsatira chake chabwino koposa chinali kuphatikiza mawu aŵiri pamodzi kuti ayese kufotokoza tanthauzo la tanthauzo la zimene Yesu ananena.. Mwapa, zomwe ndikunena ndikuti pali chowonadi mwa ambiri, ngati si onse, za malingaliro odziwikiratu omwe angatengedwe kuchokera ku kusokonekera kwenikweni kwa pawiri, ‘epi-ousis.’

Koma kodi mawu oyambirira amene Yesu anagwiritsa ntchito ndi ati amene anayambitsa vuto loterolo kwa womasulirayo? Ndikuganiza kuti lingaliro loperekedwa ndi Kenneth Bailey mu 'Yesu Kupyolera M'maso Aku Middle-Eastern Eyes’¹ ndizovomerezeka kwambiri. Akutilozera ku 'Syriac Yakale' ya m'zaka za zana la 2’ kumasulira kwa Chigriki; lomwe ndi matembenuzidwe akale kwambiri a Chipangano Chatsopano ndipo lili m’chinenero chofanana kwambiri ndi Chiaramu cholankhulidwa ndi Yesu.. Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito mawu ‘ameno,’ lomwe m’Chisiriya limatanthauza ‘chokhalitsa, osasiya, zosatha kapena zosatha.’ Amachokera ku tsinde lomwelo monga liwu lachihebri ‘Amen,‘ kutanthauza ‘kukhala wolimba, zatsimikiziridwa, odalirika, okhulupirika, khalani ndi chikhulupiriro, khulupirirani.’ Nthawi zambiri Yesu ankagwiritsa ntchito mawu amenewa potchula zonena zake: ‘Zoonadi (‘amen') Ine ndinena kwa inu…’ (nthawi zambiri amawirikiza kawiri kuti agogomezedwe mowonjezera malinga ndi uthenga wabwino wa Yohane). Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake kawirikawiri kunali ngati chitsimikiziro kumapeto kwa pemphero, m'lingaliro la, ‘Kwathetsedwa.’ Pogwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira izi adangotembenuzidwa ku Chigriki, kumene limapezeka nthawi zambiri mu Mauthenga Abwino; ndipo imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pomaliza pempheroli Matthew 6:13.

Koma ngati Yesu anagwiritsa ntchito liwu limeneli ngati mlozera, kufotokoza mkate, iye akanakhala akungolingalira momvekera kanthu kena koposa chenicheni chosavuta chakuti iye anali kupempha ‘zenizeni’ mkate: kutanthauza kuti tiyenera kuganizira kukula ndi chikhalidwe chonse cha mawuwa kuti timvetse tanthauzo lake lonse kwa Yesu ndi ophunzira ake..

Tanthauzo lomwe limamasuliridwa mu Old Syriac ndi mbali yake. Pemphero likutsimikizira kudalirika kotheratu kwa kupereka kwa Mulungu, monga mmene Yesu anaphunzitsira ophunzira ake:

Choncho, ndikukuuzani, musadere nkhawa za moyo wanu: chimene mudzadya, kapena chimene mudzamwa; kapena thupi lanu, chimene mudzavala. Moyo si woposa chakudya, ndi thupi loposa chobvala? Onani mbalame za m’mlengalenga, kuti samafesa, ngakhalenso samatuta, kapena kusonkhanitsa m’nkhokwe. Atate wanu wakumwamba amazidyetsa. Kodi ndinu amtengo wapatali kuposa iwo? (Mat 6:25-26)

Koma pali zinanso. Taganizirani nkhani imene inalembedwa m’buku la Yohane, mutu 6, pamene anthu anadza kwa Yesu atangomaliza kudya 5,000, kufuna kumulonga ufumu:

Yesu anayankha iwo, “Indetu, ndikuuzani, Mundifuna Ine, osati chifukwa munawona zizindikiro, koma chifukwa mudadya mikateyo, ndipo adadzazidwa. Osagwirira ntchito chakudya chomwe chiwonongeka, koma chakudya chotsalira ku moyo wosatha, chimene Mwana wa Munthu adzakupatsani. Pakuti Mulungu Atate adamsindikiza iye.”

Pamenepo adati kwa Iye, “Kodi tiyenera kuchita chiyani, kuti ife tikagwire ntchito za Mulungu?”

Yesu anayankha iwo, “Iyi ndi ntchito ya Mulungu, kuti mukhulupirire Iye amene Iye anamtuma.”

Pamenepo adati kwa Iye, “Ndiye muchita chiyani ngati chizindikiro?, kuti tiwone, ndikukhulupirira inu? Mumagwira ntchito yanji? Makolo athu anadya mana m’chipululu. Monga kwalembedwa, ‘Anawapatsa mkate wochokera kumwamba kuti adye.’ “

Chifukwa chake Yesu adati kwa iwo, “Zabwino kwambiri, ndikukuuzani, si Mose amene anakupatsani inu mkate wa Kumwamba, koma Atate wanga akupatsani inu mkate wowona wa Kumwamba. Pakuti mkate wa Mulungu ndi Iye wotsika Kumwamba, ndipo amapereka moyo ku dziko.”

Pamenepo adati kwa Iye, “Ambuye, tipatseni ife mkate uwu nthawi zonse.”

Yesu adati kwa iwo, “Ine ndine mkate wamoyo. Iye wakudza kwa Ine sadzamva njala;, ndipo iye wokhulupirira Ine sadzamva ludzu nthawi zonse. (John 6:26-35)

Anthu anabwera kudzafunafuna chakudya chodalirika, monga mana amene ana a Israyeli anali nao paulendo wao ndi Mose m’cipululu. Koma Yesu’ yankho linali lakuti uwu si mkate weniweni. Iye ali; ndipo anthu adayenera kuyika chikhulupiriro chawo mwa Iye. Taonani mmene tanthauzo lenileni la ‘Ameni’ imanyamula lingaliro la zonse ziwiri choonadi ndi chikhulupiriro.

Lingaliro la mana ochokera kumwamba linazika mizu kwambiri m’chikhalidwe cha Ayuda, ponse paŵiri m’malingaliro ake a mbiri yakale ndi monga chiyembekezo chamtsogolo cha kudza kwa Mesiya. Kenneth Bailey akunena kuti St Jerome akunena za buku la ‘Gospel of the Hebrew.’ amene amamasulira mawuwa kuti ‘Mutipatse ife mkate wathu wa mawa.’

Ndipo potsiriza, koma ayi, tili ndi chenicheni chakuti Yesu anawona imfa yake monga nsembe yotsiriza ya Paskha, amene adzakhala gwero la mkate weniweni wa moyo wa dziko lapansi:

Ine ndine mkate wamoyo. Makolo anu anadya mana m’chipululu, ndipo adafa. Ichi ndi mkate wotsika Kumwamba, kuti aliyense adyeko ndi kusamwalira. Ine ndine mkate wamoyo wotsika Kumwamba. Ngati wina adyako mkate uwu, adzakhala ndi moyo kosatha. Inde, mkate umene ndidzaupereka ukhale moyo wa dziko lapansi, ndiwo thupi langa.”

Chifukwa chake Ayuda adatsutsana wina ndi mzake, kunena, “Munthu ameneyu angatipatse bwanji thupi lake kuti tidye?”

Chifukwa chake Yesu adati kwa iwo, “Indetu, ndikuuzani, ngati simudya thupi la Mwana wa munthu ndi kumwa mwazi wake, mulibe moyo mwa inu nokha. Iye wakudya thupi langa ndi kumwa mwazi wanga ali nawo moyo wosatha, ndipo Ine ndidzamuukitsa iye tsiku lomaliza. Pakuti thupi langa ndi chakudya ndithu, ndipo mwazi wanga ndi chakumwa ndithu. Iye wakudya thupi langa ndi kumwa mwazi wanga akhala mwa Ine, ndipo ine mwa iye. Monga Atate wamoyo anandituma ine, ndipo ndiri ndi moyo chifukwa cha Atate; choncho wondidya Ine, adzakhalanso ndi moyo cifukwa ca Ine. Mkate wotsika Kumwamba ndi uwu, osati monga makolo athu anadya mana, ndipo anafa. Iye wakudya mkate uwu adzakhala ndi moyo kosatha.” (John 6:48-58)

Yesu ankafunitsitsa kuti nthawi imeneyi ikwaniritsidwe (tanthauzo lina la ‘amen') ndipo adalakalaka kuti asadzaiwale:

Adawauza, “Ndinalakalaka ndithu kudya Paskha uyu pamodzi ndi inu ndisanavutike, pakuti ndinena kwa inu, Sindidzadyanso kufikira utakwaniritsidwa mu Ufumu wa Mulungu.” Analandira chikho, ndipo pamene adayamika, adatero, “Tengani izi, ndi kugawana pakati panu, pakuti ndinena kwa inu, Sindidzamwanso zipatso za mpesa, mpaka Ufumu wa Mulungu udzabwere.” Iye anatenga mkate, ndipo pamene adayamika, iye ananyema, napatsa iwo, kunena, “ili ndi thupi langa lopatsidwa chifukwa cha inu. chitani ichi chikumbukiro changa.” (Luk 22:15-19)

M’buku la Chivumbulutso, Yohane akufotokoza mmene Yesu anadzitchulira kuti Iye ndi Mpulumutsi ‘Amen‘ wa Mulungu:

Kwa mngelo wa mpingo wa ku Laodikaya lemba: “The Amen, Mboni Yokhulupirika ndi Yoona, Mutu wa chilengedwe cha Mulungu, akunena zinthu izi: … ” (Rev 3:14)

Pamene Yesu anaphunzitsa pemphero ili, Mauthenga Abwino amasonyeza kuti anali kale ndi chidziwitso chomveka bwino cha ntchito yake yomaliza. Chifukwa chake akadakhala nazo zonse zomwe zili pamwambazi m'mene amalankhula. Koma ophunzira ake ndi makamu a anthu amene ankamvetserawo sanathe kuoneratu: chotero kulingalira kwawo koyambirira kukanakhala kwenikweni ponena za chakudya ndi kuthekera kwa mana akumwamba. Komabe, womasulira wathu wosadziwika anali ndi phindu la kuyang'ana kumbuyo – monga anachitira Yesu onse’ otsatira m'zaka zotsatira.

Choncho, pamene tilingalira za matembenuzidwe onse a Yesu’ mawu, ‘Tipatseni ife lero lathu ‘amen‘ mkate,’ m’posavuta kuona chifukwa chake womasulira Wachikristu wolankhula Chiaramu angavutike kupeza liwu lililonse m’Chigiriki kuti apereke lingaliro lovuta kwambiri lokhala ndi tanthauzo.. Kodi ndizodabwitsa kuti, poyesa kupeza mawu ofotokozera mkate uwu, anayamba kupanga liwu latsopano lophatikizana lomwe limatha kumveka mosiyanasiyana monga china chake, ‘choonadi ndi chochuluka choposa chenichenicho ndi nthaŵi zonse?’

Mawu a M'munsi

1. ‘Yesu Kupyolera M’maso Akum’mawa’ Kenneth E. Bailey, Kusindikiza kwa SPCK (21 Mar. 2008), pg. 121. (Isbn 978-0281059751)